Oscillating kaapuni - keia mea ... ka loina o ka hana

Oscillating kaapuni - he mea no ka hoʻomakaʻia (e pili) o electromagnetic a oscillations. Mai kona inception a hiki i ka lā i keia mea, ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o na mea he nuiʻepekema, aʻanoʻenehana wahi HEN, mai kela la i keia ola ana i nā hale hana nui ka hana nui okoa huahana.

O ka mea 'aʻole ia komo?

Ke oscillation huakai kaapuni a ka loaʻa o ka'ōwili hao, a me ka mea pihana. Eia hou kekahi, he hiki no hoi ia e ike mea pale mū holapū (ee iaaanu aey ia'ku hehee ai). An inductor (a solenoid, e like me ka mea ua i kekahi manawa, kapaʻia) o ke koʻokoʻo ma luna iʻanuʻu i wahi iho la kekahi mau papa, a nui mea he keleawe uea. He kēia hehee ai hana oscillations ma ka oscillatory huakai kaapuni. A kī, Aia ma ka waena, pinepine i kapaia o ka hakui o, a me Kora naʻEsau, a me ka'ōwili hao ua kekahi manawa kapaia he solenoid.

oscillating kaapuni'ōwili hao hana oscillations wale nō inā waiho waho kauoha. I ka maalo ae la oia i kekahi pono ma ia, ia accumulates he kauoha i laila, i haawi mai ai i ka huakai kaapuni ia ke anakahi uila paka ua.

'ōwili hao kaula nui i ka loa haʻahaʻa ia'ku, i mau koe ikaika. Ke oscillation kaapuni kaapuni pinepine ia lŘlŘ loli ma ka anakahi uila a me ka amperage. Kēia loli mea paha i kekahi mau makemakika kānāwai:

• U = U ₀ * cos (w * (tt _0), kahi
  U - anakahi uila i ka manawa t,
  U ₀ - anakahi uila i manawa 'ole _0,
  W - alapine (frequency) electromagnetic a oscillations.

Kekahi nui ke keʻena o ka huakai kaapuni mea he uila mea pihana. Kēia hehee ai he o nā papaʻelua a i hookaawale ia e ka dielectric. Ka mānoanoa o ka ahu iho ma waena o nā nā uila aʻa lolo, ua emi ma mua o lākou nui. Ua manao apono 'e loaa ma-insulator uila ka uku ole, a au hiki laila, hoʻouna aku i ka huakai kaapuni.

Haʻalele mea pihana o na pu ki mea i ka mea, aole huli ana o ka waiwai ma ka uilaʻikena, a me he mea he pono hoʻomāhuahua o ka uku ole i loko o ka pila nui kahua. Ke'ī mai, ma nā mea pihana hiki e nui kupono e loaa i ke kauoha, i hiki ke haawiia mai nā mea a pau i kekahi manawa. Ma keia hihia, i ka pono ma ka huakai kaapuni ua nui mahuahua.

Nō hoʻi, ke oscillation huakai kaapuni ua i mai o kekahi hou hehee ai: he mea pale mū holapū. Kēia hehee ai i ka ia'ku, a no ke kaōhiʻana i kaʻikena a me ka anakahi uila i loko o ka huakai kaapuni. Inā ma ka ikaika anakahi uila e hoomahuahua ia'ku o ka mea pale mū holapū, ka he e emi ma Ohm ka kānāwai:

• I = U / R, kahi
  I - papa,
  U - anakahi uila,
  R - e kū'ē'ē mai.

inductor

E ka lawe i ka pilina nana i nā mea kiko'ī a pau o ka inductor, a me ka maikaʻi, e kona hana i loko o ka resonant huakai kaapuni maopopo. E like me mākou i mai la oia, i ka ia'ku o keia hehee ai mālama i ka 'Aʻohe. Penei, ka wā pili ana i ka DC kaapuni e hana pōkole-circuiting. Naʻe, ina ka'ōwili hao pili i ka AC kaapuni, e hana pololei. Ua hiki aku i ka hopena i ka hehee ai i ka ia'ku no alternatingʻikena.

Akā, no ke aha la o keia hana ma kai a me ka ia'ku ia lŘlŘ ka wā i alternatingʻikena Pehea? No ka pane i kēia nīnau, ua pono, e huli i ka kŰia o ka hoʻoponopono-inductance. Me ka hooholo ana i ka'ōwili hao pono i loko o ka mea, he mea he electromotive ikaika (EMF), i hana i mea keʻakeʻa i kaʻikena loli. Ka nui o keia ikaika hilinaʻi nui ma luna o nā kumumea: ka'ōwili hao pono, a me ka derivative me ka manao i ka manawa. Mathematically, keia kaukaʻi ua hoikeia ma ka helu kaulike.

• E = -L * I '(k), kahi
  E - EMF,
  L - inductance waiwai o ka'ōwili hao (no kēlā me kēia'ōwili hao mea okoa, a hilinaʻi ma ka helu o nāʻanuʻu o ka coils a me kā lākou mānoanoa)
  Au "(Halau) - manawa derivative o ka papa (he loli kōmi).

DC Power ma manawa ua ole hoʻololi, no laila kona ia'ku ka wā i hooleiiaʻi mawaho, e ala mai.

Akā, ma AC i kona kiko'î i mau hoʻololi i loko o ka sinusoidal a cosine kānāwai, ma o na la electromotive ikaika, a ua ālai 'mau hoʻololi. Oia ia'ku ua kapaia hoʻokomo a me ka pōpilikia ma ka haʻilula:

• X _L = w, * _L, kahi
  W - alapine (frequency) oscillation kaapuni,
  L - inductance o ka'ōwili hao.

Ka papa pinepine 'i loko o ka solenoid linearly maoli a me ka emi e like me kekahi mau kānāwai. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi i ina e hooki i ke kahe o ka pono i loko o ka'ōwili hao, ka mea e hoʻomau' ia no kekahi manawa, e haawi aku i kaʻoihana i loko o ka huakai kaapuni. A ina keia ho opa ao kū ana i ka pele o ka papa, ma laila e e pana mai ka mea i ka 'āhewa' ana, e ho'āʻo e kiʻi mai, a e haawi'ōwili hao. Kēia mea - he nui pilikia i loko o hanalima? Iecaianoaaiiuo. Ua like me ia (eia nae,ʻaʻole loa e pili ana i ka oscillation huakai kaapuni) hiki ke malama, no ka laʻana, ka wā wehe i ka polokalamu, mai ke kumu. Ma keia hihia skips ka hunaahi i ma luna o ia me ka unahiʻole, i hiki ole hopena o kekahi kanaka. He aie i ka mea i kaʻume mākenēki ke kahua, aole ia i nalo koke aku, akā, i nā dissipated, inducing paialewa i loko o nā conductors. Ma ka hanalima me ka unahiʻole ka mea he ikaika i na manawa he nui ma mua o kā mākou mau 220 volts, no laila, i ka haʻahaʻa i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie kaulahao hiki i hunaahi ia i ka mana e, e hana aku i kekahi lihi iki o ka 'ino i nā i ka mea kanu, a me ka ke kanaka.

'ōwili hao - o ka hookumu ana o ka mea mai a ka oscillation huakai kaapuni nei. Inductor komo solenoids sequentially hou. Next, ke lawe i ka pilina nana i nā mea kiko'ī a pau o ka 'ole o ia hehee ai.

He aha ka ke inductance?

Inductance'ōwili hao oscillating kaapuni - mea he kanaka aiao i ka heluna hapauuku like i ka electromotive ikaika (i loko o volts), a ia lŘlŘ i loko o ka huakai kaapuni a ka wāʻikena oko o 1 A i 1 kekona. Inā ka solenoid ua pili i ka DC kaapuni, kona inductance iienuaaaony i ka ikaika o kaʻume mākenēki ke kahua, a ua hanaʻia kēia pono ma ka haʻilula:

• W = (L * I ²⁾ / 2, kahi
  W - kaʻume mākenēki kahua ikehu.

inductance kaʻi lau waiwai hilinaʻi nui ma luna o na mea he nui aʻe: ka anahonua o ka solenoid, kaʻume mākenēki ano o ka Kora naʻEsau, a o ka helu ana o coils o ka uea. Kekahi hiʻona o keia anakahi mea ia ia ka mau 'oluʻolu, no ka mea, na aiaiiuo ma luna i mea hilinaʻi nui, hiki ole e io.

Ke inductance hiki e hoakakaia no hoi me ka waiwai o ke alakaʻi mele me kaʻikena hale kūʻai i ka ikehu i kaʻume mākenēki kahua. Ua Ua ana i loko o Henry (i kapaʻia ma hope o ke nä känaka 'epekema' Amelika Dzhozefa Genri).

Eia kekahi solenoid oscillation kaapuni ninoieo o ka mea pihana, a e e kūkākūkā i hoakaka ia.

uila mea pihana

Capacitance ua nānā 'ia e ka oscillator kaapuni capacitance uila mea pihana. Kona helehelena, ua palapala luna. Ano, E na ke kālaikūlohea o ka keʻano o ka hanaʻana i hana i loko o ia iā mākou hoʻokolokolo ai.

No ka mea pihana papa i i o ke alakaʻi mele, a laila ka mea, ke kahe ka pilaʻikena. Eia naʻe, ma waena o nā papa elua mea keʻakeʻa nei. Insulator (ka mea hiki e lewa, lāʻau, a me nā mea me ka kiʻekiʻe ia'ku No ai i ka mea e malama hiki ole hoʻoneʻe mai kekahi kihi o ka uea a hiki i ka kekahi, he mea i hoʻomāhuahua ka mea, no ka mea pihana papa pela maoli ai ka manaʻume mākenēki a me ka pila nui. nā mahinaʻai a puni ia, ke'ī mai, ma ka hoopau ana o kaʻoihana puka mai a pau uila loaa ma luna o nā papa, hoʻomaka e e pū i hiki ai i ka huakai kaapuni.

Kēlā me kēia mea pihana i ka Loipālākiō anakahi uila, e pono ai no kona hana. Inā e lōʻihi, e hoʻomanaʻo i ka hehee ai ma ke anakahi uila ma luna ma mua o ka palena iki, i ka wa e ola ana ua nui hoemiia. Ka mea pihana o ka oscillatory huakai kaapuni ua mau loli ana e paialewa, a no ia mea, e e loa makaala ka wā i koho.

Ma waho aʻeo iʻike mau capacitors, i i kūkā mai, eia no hoi uila kaulua, ahu iho capacitors. He He oi luna 'hehee ai: ka mea hiki ke ho'ākāka' ia me ke keʻa ma waena o kekahi o na pu ki, a me ka mea pihana. Nō kāu, ka dielectric ma uila papalua, ahu iho capacitors i ke aloha waiwai, ma waena o a mea he electrolyte. Together ka mea, ho okumu i ka uila kaulua, ahu iho, e leie aku e loaa i loko o keia manao ma ka manawa hou ikehu ma mua o kaʻike mau mea pihana.

He aha ka i ka 'auhau o ka mea pihana?

Capacitance o ka mea pihana o ka lākiō o ka mea pihana mālama i ke anakahi uila ma i ka mea, ua noho ai. E huli i kēia kumukuai hiki e loa na mea i ka kōkua o ka makemakika haʻilula:

• C = (e ₀ * S) / b, kahi
  E ₀ - dielectric a eia i o ka dielectric mea (tabular cia)
  S - wahi o ka mea pihana papa,
  D - o ka mamao ma waena o nā papa.

Ke kaukaʻi o ka capacitance o ka mea pihana ma luna o ka mamao ma waena o nā nā uila aʻa lolo ua wehewehe ia e ka kŰia o electrostatic hoʻokomo mea emi mai o ka mamao ma waena o ka papa, i ka oi ka mea, he aha ka kekahi i kekahi (coulomb), ka mea i oi aku i kaʻoihana nā uila aʻa lolo a me ka emi stress. A i ka wā i ke anakahi uila waiwai o ka 'auhau, piʻi pū, no ka mea, hiki ke ho'ākāka' ia ma kekahi ma ke kēia haʻilula:

• C = Q / U, ma
  Q - i ke kauoha i loko o coulombs.

Ua mea e kamailio e pili ana i ka ÷ naehana ana o keia mea. Capacitance ua anaia mai ka manawa i loko o farads. 1 farad - lawa nui waiwai, no laila, na capacitors (ʻaʻole supercapacitors) i ka capacitance ana i loko o picofarads (kekahi trillionth farad).

mea pale mū holapū

I ka pono ma ka resonant kaapuni, ua hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka ia'ku o ka huakai kaapuni. A okoa ka mea i ho'ākāka 'ia hehee wale elua a e i ka oscillating kaapuni ('ōwili hao, mea pihana), aia no he kolu - he mea pale mū holapū. He mea kuleana no e pili ana kauo. Mea pale mū holapū i kekahi, mai ka mea 'ē hehee wale i loko o ia mea i ke kiʻekiʻe ia'ku, i hiki ke pēlā nō i loko o kekahi ana hoʻohālike. Ke resonant kaapuni ia hanaʻia ai ka hana mana ana o kaʻume mākenēki kula. He hiki i ka hoʻohui mau resistors ma ka puke a me laua, i laila mahuahua ka ia'ku o ka huakai kaapuni.

Ke ia'ku o keia hehee ai, ua hilinaʻi nui ma ka wela, no laila, e laweʻia aku ai i kona hana mālama i loko o ka huakai kaapuni, no ka mea, ua enaena, i ka hooholo ia o kaʻikena.

Ke ia'ku Ua ana i loko o ohms, a me kona mea hiki ke ho omaulia hoʻohana i ka haʻilula:

• R = (pa * H) / S, ma
  P - nāʻano makelia hou resistivity mea pale mū holapū (ana i loko o (ohm * mm o ²⁾ / m);
  L - lōʻihi o nā resistors (i loko o mika);
  S - mahele wahi (ma ka huinahalike millimeters).

Pehea e nakii i ka loop kiko'î a?

Ano, ua hele mai a kokoke mākou i ka ke kālaikūlohea o ka hana o ka oscillatory huakai kaapuni. Over manawa i kaʻoihana ma luna o ka mea pihana papa hoʻololi e like me ka lua-mea palena pau helu kaulike.

Ināʻoe ke hoʻoponopono i kēia helu kaulike, ia hoʻohuʻu kekahi hana hoihoi nā papakuhikuhi hōʻike no ka keʻano o ka hanaʻana i ana i loko o ka huakai kaapuni. No ka laʻana, he cyclic alapine (frequency) hiki ke hoike i ka olelo o ka capacitance a me ka inductance.

Naʻe, i ka loa hemahema hoi haʻilula e leie aku, e hoʻomaulia i ka nui unknowns - Thomson helu kaulike (kapaʻia ma hope o ka Pelekania physicist William Thomson, ka mea i lawe mai iā ia i loko o ka makahiki 1853):

• T = 2 *. F * (L * C) ^1/2.
  T - ma waena o ka electromagnetic a oscillations,
  L a me C - me, ka inductance o ka oscillating huakai kaapuni'ōwili hao, a me ka capacitance kaapuni hehee ai,
  N - i ka helu pi.

kona mea e like ololi

Aia o kekahi mea nui a pau characterizing ka contour o ka hana - ka mea e like ai ololi. I mea e maopopo mea ia mea, oe e hoʻohuli i i kēia kaʻina hana me ka resonance. O kŰia, ma a ka ikaika hawewe i ka i kā mākou mana i kekahi mau waiwai, i mea he kowali kākoʻo. Resonance hiki ke hoakaka aku i ka mea hoʻohālike: ina oe hoʻomaka e pahu aku ai i ke kowali a hiki i ke kui o ko lākou mau alapine (frequency), ka mea e e hōʻeleu i, a me kā lākou mau "ikaika hawewe" e hoʻonui. Akā, ināʻoe e ole lele i ke kui, ka mea, e 'ūlōlohi mai ana. At resonance, pinepine dissipates he wahi lihi iki o ka ikehu. I mea e e hiki, e hoʻomaulia i ke kumukuai o ke poho, ua invented he aiao e like me ka mea e like ai ololi. He He kaʻi lau waiwai like i ka lākiō o ka ikehu, Aia i loko o ka'ōnaehana, a hiki i ka pōʻino 'ia i kekahi kalapona ma o ka huakai kaapuni.

huakai kaapuni a ka pono ololi ua pōpilikia e like me ka haʻilula:

• Q = (w ₀ * W) / P, kahi
  W ₀ - resonance angular alapine (frequency) o oscillations;
  W - i ka ikehu waiho i loko o ka vibrating kahua;
  P - mana dissipation.

Kēia aiao - dimensionless mai nae hōʻike i ka ikehu hiʻohiʻona: waiho waho no ka pau keia la.

He aha ka maikaʻi o ka oscillating huakai kaapuni

No ka hoomaopopo maikaʻi o ka keʻano o ka hanaʻana i loko o ka'ōnaehana o ke kālaikūlohea i hele mai me ka ai-kapaia maikaʻi oscillating puni. He He makemakika kükohu ho i ka huakai kaapuni e like me ke ano me ka 'Aʻohe e kū'ē'ē mai. I ka mea, ma laila nō undamped harmonic oscillations. Kēia kükohu apono 'e loaa i ka He kokekau wale haʻilula i ka ho omaulia puni kiko'î. I kekahi o kēia mau mea kiko'î - ka huina ikehu.

• W = (L * I ²⁾ / 2.

Oia simplification nui hōʻeleu i ho, a ae i ka loiloi i kaapuni ano me ka paʻa mua ano.

Pehea 'aʻole ia hana?

All oscillating kaapuni pae'ōnaehana kalapona hiki ke maheleia i mau apana. Ano, e ike kakou i like na keʻano o ka hanaʻana lawe ana wahi ma kela apana keia apana.

• Ka mua pae pā mea pihana, hoopiiia ikaika, hoʻomaka e hookuuia, komoʻana i ka pono i loko o ka huakai kaapuni. Ma keia wahi, i ka he hele mai i ka maikaʻi i ka io kauoha, oiai e hele ma ka'ōwili hao. Nolaila, electromagnetic a kuekueni ana i loko o ka huakai kaapuni. O kēia hala ma ka'ōwili hao, ko ia neiʻoniʻoni i ka lua o ka papa, a 'āhewa' ana ia olelo ikaika mai (akā, i ka'ūholo uila mua, a he ua hele, negatively, papa mai).
• Ka lua o ka pae i waiho 'ana ma ke alo kaʻina. Ia ke au i hele mai i ka maikaʻi papa (i loko o ke kumu i io) i ka io, hele hou ma ka'ōwili hao. A me na hoopii a pau e haule iloko o ka wahi.

Ka pōʻaiapuni Ua hai like loa me ka mea pihana ua kauoha. Ma ka maikaʻi resonant kaapuni keia kaʻina mea mana loa, a me ka mea maoli mana poho mea inevitable no i likeʻole aʻe: ka paio hahana maoli nō e ia lŘlŘ aie a hiki i ka wa o ka ia'ku i loko o ka huakai kaapuni (Joule wela), a me ka mea e like.

Nā kinolau huakai kaapuni i manao ai

Ma waho aʻeo ia na mea i puhi ai "i ka'ōwili hao-mea pihana" a me "'ōwili hao-mea pale mū holapū-mea pihana", he mea'ē aʻe nā koho, ka hoʻohana 'ana i ke kulanui i oscillation kaapuni. Kēia, no ka laʻana, he laua kaapuni i ua wehewehe aku i loko o ia he mea he hehee ai kaapuni (no ka mea, e like me ka mea i koe wale, ka mea makemake ia i ka moʻo kaapuni a ka i i kūkākūkā i loko o ka 'atikala).

Aia nō i nāʻano o ke kūkuluʻia, a me ka kela pou eiiiiiaiou. No ka laʻana, ka mea, Ua hiki e hoʻohui i ka mea ulana pukapuka pākali hoʻolele a e wehe a pani i ka huakai kaapuni me ke alapine (frequency) e like me ka oscillation alapine (frequency) o ka huakai kaapuni. Penei, o ka'ōnaehana e hoʻouka undamped oscillations.

Where ka oscillation huakai kaapuni ua hoʻohana 'ia?

Ka loa kama'āina iā mākou i ka hoʻohana 'ana o eiiiiiaiou o ka huakai kaapuni - ia electromagnets. Lakou, ma ka huli, e hoʻohana 'ia i loko o intercom nenoai, Hawaii, nā mea e loaʻa ka mea nalo, a me na mea he nui' ē aʻe emiʻike mau wahi. Kekahi palapala noi - oscillator. I mea, ia mea no ka hana o ka huakai kaapuni ka loa kama'āina iā mākou: i loko o kēia palapala, ka mea, ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka hawewe, e ho okumu ana i ka nalu i loko o ka lawe lima a me nā pūnaewele palapala i ke hoʻouna i' ike ma luna o ka mamao. A pau keia mea aie a hiki i ka mea i na oscillations o ka electromagnetic a ale hiki ke encoded i loko o ia i ke alanui i mea e e hiki, e hoʻouna i ka 'ike ma luna o lōʻihi mamao.

Inductor iho hiki ke hoʻohana i ka hehee ai no ka mea hoʻololi uila, elua coils me kekahi helu o nāʻanuʻu ke hele ma waena o ka electromagnetic a ke kahua kā lākouʻoihana. Akā, me solenoids ano oko, a me ka pono huahelu i loko o nā wahi i puhi ai elua, a i pili i ka mau inductance E oko a. Penei, kekahi hiki ke hoʻolilo i anakahi uila i kaʻikena, e olelo 220 volts i kaʻikena i ka anakahi uila o 12 volts.

ka hopena

Mākou ka 'ike piha i ka rula o ka oscillating huakai kaapuni a me kēlā me kēia wahi kaawale. Mākou i aʻo i ka oscillating kaapuni - he mea hoʻololi i hiki paha ke electromagnetic a nalu. Naʻe, i kēia mea wale nō i nā kumu o ke o ka luna 'mechanics o kēia mau mea, seemingly mea hehee wale. E aʻo hou e pili ana i na intricacies o ka huakai kaapuni a me kona eiiiiiaiou hiki e mai ka hana kūikawā moʻokalaleo.