'O ka loli ma'amau

'O ke ki'eki'e o ka polarizability o kahi mea i'ike'ia e kahi waiwai kūikawā, i kapa'ia ka permitty. E no'ono'o e pili ana i kēia waiwai.

E no'ono'o i ka nui o kahi mālike like i waena o nā pahu i ho'opa'a'ia i loko o ka moemoeka he like ia me E . E ho'opihapiha i ka pale i waena o lākou me kekahi mea heluhelu. Uila 'āhewa' ana, a e hōʻike ma ka palena ma waena o ka dielectric a me ke alakaʻi mele no o kona polarization hookoia hapa 'ia' neutralized i ka 'āhewa' ana ma luna o nā papa. 'O ka ikaika E o kēia māla e emi iho ma mua o ka ikaika E.

Hō'ike ka'ike'ana i ka wā e ho'opiha piha'ia ka māhele ma waena o nā papa i nā'anolectlectric like, e like'ole nā mana. No laila, e'ike ana i ka nui o ka lakene o ka ikaika o ka māmā elela ma waena o nā papa i ka puka'ole o kahi insulator E a ma ke alo o kahi insulator E,'o kona'ano kānana,'o ia ho'i, hiki ke ho'oholo. 'O kona mau mea make. Hō'ike'ia kēia heluna e ka hua'ōlelo Helene ԑ (epsilon). No laila, hiki iā mākou ke kākau:

Ԑ = E₀ / E.

Permittivity hōʻike mai ana i na manawa he nui i ke kahua ikaika o kaʻoihanaʻikepili ma o ka insulator (homogeneous) e e emi mai ma mua o ka vacuo.

'O ka emi'ana o ka pā'oihana pā'oihana ma waena o nā koina no ka hana o ka polari o ka'ōnaehana. Ma ka uila kahua, e hoemiia electrons ma na nā'ātoma a me nā lātoma me ka mahalo i ka Ion, a me he mea he kūpenu iho ia i manawa. Ie. 'O nā po'e mole i loa'a i ko lākou manawa iho ('o ia ho'i nā'ōmoku wai) e kau'ia ma kahi māmā. Ho'okumu kēia mau manawa i kā lākou mau'oihana eletise, kū'ē i ka māla i ho'okumu i ko lākou helehelena. No ka hopena, ua emi iho ka nui o ka māla eletise. Ma nā'ano li'ili'i, ua ho'ākāka'ia kēia'ano'ike e ke'ano o ka'ae'ana o ka licensed dielectric.

Ma lalo iho nei ka mīkini dielectric i ka mimikini o nā mea like'ole:

Air ......................................... .... 1,0006

Paraffinning ............................. .... ....

Plexiglas (plexiglass) ...... 3-4

Ebonite ......................... .. ... 4

Porcelain ............................. .... .... 7

Glass ......................................................... .4-7

Mica ................................. ... .4-5

'O ke kilika ma'amau ............ 4-5

Mālama ...................... 6-7

Amber .............................. ... 12.8

Ka wai .................................... ... .81

'O kēia mau kumuhana o ka le'ale'a kahelectric o nā mea pili i nā mahana wela i ka laulā o 18-20 ° C. No laila, ke'ano nui'ole ka mālama'ana o ka mea ma'amau o ka mea ma'amau i ka mahana, koe wale nā'enelectroelectric.

Akā, ua ho'ēmi ia me nā kinoea no ka ho'onui'ia o ka mahana a ho'onui i ka pilina me ka pi'i'ana o ke kaomi. Ma ka hana pono, i ka dielectric ikaika o ka lewa ua ia me kekahi.

'A'ole ka hopena o nā mea kūpono ma nā li'ili'i li'ili'i ma ka laulā o ka le'ale'alectlectric o ka wai.

Inā ho'okomo'ia nā kumu kūpono'ole i kahi dielectric, a laila ua hana'ia ka mana o ka māhele e kēlā me kēia mau koina i ka helu o ka loa'a'ana o kekahi kumu hou e ho'emi'ia e kekahi kumu o ԑ. No laila,'o ka ikaika e pili ana i kēia mau mea me kekahi me kekahi, he manawa iki nō ia. Nolaila, Coulomb ka kānāwai no ka 'āhewa' ana i hoonoho ai ma ka dielectric ua haawiia e:

F = (q₁q₂) / (ԑₐr²).

i loko o Si huahelu :

F = (q₁q₂) / (4π'r²),

Ma hea o ka F ka ikaika o ka pilina, q₁ a me q₂, o na koina, o ka hakina o ka m, o ka mamao ia mawaena o na kumu helu.

Hiki ke helu'ia ke kumukū'ai o ka shown ma nā'āpana pili (e pili ana i ka'ae'aelectlectric pono'ole o ka mimiki ԑ₀). 'O ka huahelu ԑ = ԑₐ / ԑ₀ ke kapa'ia'o ka'aelike pili. Hō'ike ia i ka nui o nā manawa i'oi aku ka nāwaliwali o ka pilina ma waena o nā ku'ina ma ke'ano like'ole ma mua o ka moemoeka; Ԑ = ԑₐ / ԑ₀ ke kapa mau'ia he kelepona pa'akikī. 'O ka helu helu o ԑ₀, a me kona'ano, e hilina'i ana i kahi pūnaewele o nā wae i koho'ia; 'A'ole pono ka waiwai o ka ԑ. No laila, i loko o ka pūnaewele CASEC,'ā = = 1 ('o kēia ka pū'ulu'elima); I ke kelepona SI, ua'ike'ia ka ho'omau o ke kinikini o ka moemoeka e:

Ԑ₀ = 1 / (4π˖9˖10⁹) Farad / mime = 8.85˖10⁻¹² p / m (ma kēia pūnaewele ԑ₀ he kumu ho'ohālike).