Osip Mandelstam Kawaihae me kiʻi

Kekahi o ka loa lono kaumaha ola me ka make, ua hoʻomākaukauʻia no ka mea Soviet? Eia ia he haku mele nui e like Mandelstam. Kona Kawaihae Ua ulu nui no o ka mea irreconcilable ano o Osipa Emilevicha. He hiki ole ke ku i ka oiaio, a i ole makemake e kulou mua o ka ikaika. Nolaila, okoa i loko o ia mau lā, a ia hiki ole i hiki mai ia ia ia, i ka mea, uaʻike nō, a Mandelstam. Kona Kawaihae, e like me na hana o ka haku mele nui, aʻo mākou i ka hailona ...

Budushee haku mele i hānau i loko o Warsaw ma Ianuali 3, 1891 kamalii a me adolescence lilo ma St. Petersburg Osip Mandelstam. Nova iho, Eia naʻe, iʻaʻole i kākauʻia e ia. Akā,ʻo kona Memories he i ke kumu o ka puke "Ka Noise no Time." Ua hiki ke noʻonoʻo pili kēia autobiographical. E noke i Mandelstam ka Memories o ka wā kamaliʻi a me ka adolescence ua ikaika lakou a kaohi - oiaʻaloʻana, e hōʻike aku iā lākou iho, i ole makemake e kākau manaʻo ma luna o kona poetry, a me kona ola. Osip i kakahiaka nuiʻoihana kaua haku mele, a he oiaio, ua, ua loaa i kona mau maka. Mea koʻikoʻi a me ka koʻikoʻio maopopo i kona noʻeau ano.

Ke manaoio nei makou ia mea pono e noonoo ma ka au mamuli o ka ola a me ka hana ana o ka haku mele, e like Mandelstam. Pōkole Kawaihae me ka pili ana i ua kanaka aneane kūpono. Osipa Emilevicha ke kanaka me ke loa hana hoihoi, a me kana hana hewaʻiʻo i ka loa akahele study. E like me ka manawa i hoikeia mai, kekahi o ka mea nui loa Lūkini haku mele o ka 20th kenekulia ua Mandelstam. Pōkole Kawaihae, hooku iho la ia ma ka heluna o nā puke, mea maopopo lawa ole no ka hohonu pau loa o kona olaʻana a me ka hana.

Ke kumu o ka haku mele

Kaupalena naʻe, ka pouli kamaʻilio iā ia me ka uuku ana e loaʻa i loko o Mandelstam ka memoirs e pili ana i kona wā kamaliʻi, a me ka puni lewa hiki. E like me ka mea haku mele, me kona 'ohana i "paʻakikī a me ka huikau". Ma ka hua'ōlelo, olelo ua hoikeia mai me pakahi ikaika. No laila, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa, alaila, manao ae Mandelstam. Ua i kekahi ano o ka olelo "hehee ai" o ka 'ohana. It E e hoʻomaopopo i ka Iudaio heihei Mandelstam ua elemakule. Loa mai ka 8th kenekulia, mai nā lā mai o ka Iudaio hoʻomāʻikeʻike wale, alaila, haawi mai i ke ao nei kaulana kahuna lapaau, physicists, rabbis, kakaolelo o ka moʻokalaleo a me Bible unuhi.

Mandelstam Aemilius Veniaminovich makua Osip, o ka pāʻoihana a me ka hoʻoponopono-ao mai. He ua loa devoid o kekahi ano o ka 'ōlelo. Mandelstam, i loko o kona puke "Ka Noise no Time" kaulana ana ia loa i ole i ka 'ōlelo, ka mea, ua he "bezyazychie" wale a me ka "elelo-Ka Hawai i". I kekahi manawa ka mea, ua Osipovna Flora, o ka makuwahine o ka haku mele a me ka mele kumu. Mandelstamʻike i ka puke wehewehe'ōlelo ka mea, ua "'opihia" a me ka "poe ilihune", huli monotonous, akā, ka mea, ua ka ua wawalo a me ka ike, "ka Lūkini 'ōlelo nui." Ua i mai o kona makuahine ili Osip, me ka musicality a me ka predisposition i ka naau mai, i ka pololei o ka olelo, he heightened pono o kā lākou 'ōlelo.

Education ma Tenishev kālepa kula

Mandelstam i loko o ka manawa mai ka 1900 a hiki i 1907, ua aʻo ma ka Tenishev kālepa kula. Ua Ua manaoia kekahi o kaʻoi ponoi hoʻonaʻauao kulanui o ko mākou'āina. I kekahi manawa ka mea, ua aʻo Zhirmunsky, Vladimir Nabokov. Ka lewa i lanakila 'aneʻi i ka' imi naʻauao-ascetic. Ma keia kula mahi i ka ideals o civic dute a me ka pili aupuni ku okoa. I 1905-1907 makahiki o ka mua Lūkini kipi hiki ole ke kōkua akā, hāʻule i loko o pili aupuni radicalism a me Mandelstam. Kawaihae no ka mea, i nā mea a pau pili i nā hanana o ke au. Ke catastrophe o ke kaua a me Iapana, a me ka hoʻokahuli aupuni manawa hooeueu ae la i aku la ia ia, e hana i ka mua stihovtornyh ho okolohua, i hiki ke manao like Student. Mandelstam ia i hiki iʻoliʻoli ao metamorphosis, ano hou ana hehee ai.

huakaʻi aku i

School palapala puka, ua loaa May 15, 1907 mahope iho o ia ka haku mele ho'āʻo e hoʻomaka hakakā hui SRs ma Finland, akā, ma luna o ka noho 'ana kamaliʻi kakahiaka nui i lohe ole ai mamua ma laila. I nā mākua e hopohopo e pili ana i ka wā e hiki mai ana o kana keiki, wikiwiki e hoouna aku ia ia ia, mai ka hewa i ka hoʻopaʻa haʻawina ma kahi e, kahi Mandelstam hele ekolu. I ka manawa mua i noho i loko o Paris mai October 1907 a hiki i ke kauwela o 1908. A laila, i ka wā e hiki mai haku mele hele aku la i Hawaii, ma ke Kulanui o Heidelberg aʻo Romance Philology (mai ka Akuma ka mai o 1909 a hiki i ka wai o 1910). Ma July 21, 1910 a hiki i ka hapalua like-October,ʻo ia i noho ai i loko o Zehlendorf, Pelelina suburb. Up a ka loa nā hana ma Mandelstam ka poem hoʻokani i ka küpinaÿi o kona mau makamaka, me ka WesternʻEulopa.

Halawai ana me Anna Akhmatova a me Gumilev, hanaia'na acmeism

Halawai ana me Annoy Ahmatovoy a me Nikolai Gumilev hoakakaia ma muli o like me ka haku mele Osipa Emilevicha. Gumilyov i ka 1911, o ka Abyssinian huakaʻi hoi i St. Petersburg. Koke lilo iho la lakou i ekolu pinepine ike ia ma ka palapala, ai 'ahiahi. Nui nā makahiki ma hope o ka lono kaumaha kekahi hanana - i ka pana o ENU i ka 1921 - Osip kākau ihola Akhmatova, Nikolayu Gumilevu mea wale e hoʻokele i ike i kona poetry, a ia ia no nā kūkākūkā ia ia, o keʻano o. About pehea Mandelstam, Akhmatova waleʻia, e like me ka mea e hoikeike ma kona hopuna'ōlelo: ", I - he Contemporary o Akhmatova" Wale Osip Mandelstam (he Hawaii photo o ia me Annoy Andreevnoy hooku iho la ia ma luna) hiki akea hai aku i keia i ka Stalin? Eia, ka wā Akhmatova i ka makaia o haku mele.

(Mandelstam, Akhmatova a me Gumilev) All ekolu acmeism lilo Mamua a koʻikoʻi loa, 'elele o kēia hou nā mea kū i ka moʻokalaleo. Biographers Ua kaulana ia ma waena o ka hoʻomaka o ke kū'ē ae la no ka mea, Mandelstam ua irascible, despotic Gumilyov a me Akhmatova capricious.

Ka mua ohi a poem

I ka 1913, ua hana mai ia i kona mua ohi o poem ma Mandelstam. Kawaihae, a hana ia i mua i waeʻia e nā hanana nui he nui wale, a ola ka hoao ana ia ua, ua oi loa aku ke kalekale. Ka haku mele i palapala keia ohi ana o kona mau lilo. Mua,ʻo ia makemake e kapa aku i kona puke "Shell", akā, laila, koho kekahi inoa - "Stone", a ua hala loa i loko o ka uhane o ka acmeism. Kona mau lala e makemake e ike i ke ao hou, e haawi aku i ka pau loa i ka ikaika a me ka loa i ka inoa o ka ae nele ana, a me ka elegiac hoʻoheleleʻi iho paku, e like me ka Symbolists. Rock - paa, a mau nō maoli mea, mau loa i loko o ka lima o ka haku. Ma Osipa Emilevicha ia mea i ka iniiaiie kukulu ālai 'o ka uhane moʻomeheu,ʻaʻole like me ka mea.

Osip Mandelstam i ka 1911 ua lilo i Karistiano, i ka "naeaeaa ma Europa moʻomeheu." ʻOiaiʻo ia i bapetizoia iho la ia ia ma ka Methodist Church (i loko o Vyborg Mei 14), ka mua Verses o kona ohi hoopio i ke ohohia o ka Hui theme like. Mandelstam pio ma Roma Catholicism pathos global hoʻonohonohoʻia i ka manaʻo nui. Ma lalo o ka noho aliʻi o Roma, i ka hoʻohuiʻana o ke ao nei Kristiano o ke West mai, mai ka Hui mai o na kanaka, disparate. Na ia "pōhaku" o ka Hale Pule Nui ua i mai o ka pohaku, i ko lakou "ka oolea unkind" a me ka "maoli Kimi."

E pili ana ma ke kipi

I ka wā mai ka 1911 a hiki i 1917 ma ke Kulanui o St. Petersburg, ma ka Romano-Germanic lala, Mandelstam aʻo. Kona Kawaihae i keia manawa i koho ia e ke ano o ka ohi mua. Paʻakikī i ka mea e pili ana i ka outbreak o ke kipi i loko o 1917. Temepela a me ka 'ole i pau ai kekahi hoao ana Osipa Emilevicha loaʻa kekahi wahi i loko o ka hou Rusia.

Collection Tristia

Verses manawa o ke kipi a me ke kaua i loko o Mandelstam lakou i ka hou ohi Tristia. Ua paʻiʻia kēia "Book o ke kaumaha" no ka manawa mua loa i ka 1922 me ke komo ana o ka mea kākau, a laila, i ka 1923, ma lalo o ka inoa "ka lua o ka puke," paʻi ma Moscow. Ua lepo pipili no hoi ka theme like o ka manawa, i ke kahe o ka moʻolelo, a ua kauoha i kona demise. Up i ka lā hope o keia kumuhana, e lilo i kekahi keʻa-ana i loko o ka haku mele. Ua ohi ia i ka hou e like ai Mandelstam lyrical meʻe. No ka ona, ka mea,ʻaʻohe hou kekahi 'aoʻao pilikino, pili-komo i loko o ka mau pele o ka manawa. Lyrical leo hiki ke lohe wale me he küpinaÿi o ka halulu o ke au. He aha ka mea i hanaia i loko o ka nui mōʻaukala, ike iho la ia me he wreck a me ka rula o ka "luakini" o ka hoʻoponopono.

Collection o Tristia a lewa i ka nui loli i loko o ke kaila o ka haku mele. Hoʻokino hionapāʻili ua neʻe aku i ka hoʻopā'āluaʻia, "poeleele" waiwai, semantic naeaeaa irrational 'ōlelo hahau ana.

Hele i loko o Rusia

Osip Mandelstam ma ke kakahiaka nui 1920s. Aʻu iʻauwana ai ka hapanui ma ka hema o Rusia. He kipa Kyiv, a halawai me kona wā e hiki mai ka wahine, N. Ya. Hazinoy (kiʻi ma luna), au malaila, i kekahi manawa ma Voloshin ma Koktebel, alaila, hele aku la ia Feodosia, kahi Wrangel counterintelligence hopu iā ia ma luna o hoʻohuoiʻia o ka espionage. A laila, ma hope o kona hookuu, hele aku la ia i Batumi Osip Mandelstam. Kona Kawaihae ke Akua i wae e hou hopu i - kēia manawa ma ka aoao o ka Coast poe kiai o ka Mensheviks. Osipa Emilevicha hoopakele mai ka hale paʻahao T. Tabidze a me N. Mitsishvili Keokia haku mele. Ma ka hopena, loa emaciated, hoi ae la oia i Petrograd Osip Mandelstam. Kona Kawaihae mau mea ana i noho ai no ka manawa i loko o ka Hale o Arts, a laila, hele akula hoʻi i ke kūkulu hema, a laila, noho ihola ia ma Moscow.

Eia naʻe, ma ka hapalua like-1920s,ʻaʻohe kumumea o ka mua kaulike ana o na manaolana a me anxieties ma ka naauao i ke ahaʻia. No o ka wehewehe ana oia i poetics o Mandelstam. "Pouli" He manawa increasingly akaka ma mua o ia. I ka makahiki 1925, aia no he pōkole lele aku o kaʻike hoʻokumu i ua ua ua hoʻopili i ka kuko Olgoy Vaksel. Ma hope o ia, no ka haku mele, e hina ia hāmau no ka makahiki i 5 makahiki.

Mandelstam no ka mea 2nd hapalua o na 1920s - he manawa o ka hoʻoponopono ulia. I ia manawa, no ka haku mele ua malie, i ole hoolaha hou poem. Aole hoi kekahi hana Mandelstam 'aʻole hōʻike i loko o 5 makahiki.

Hoopii e Aina,

I ka 1929, ua hoʻoholo ihola Mandelstam e huli i ka Ana Aina. He palapala iho la i ka puke "Ka Eha Ana Aina,". Ma ka buke, ia mea liʻiliʻi, akā, ka mea, ua maopopo a pakī mai Mandelstam hoʻowahāwahā no ka mea kākau o ka opportunists, ka poe he mau lālā o Massolit. No kekahi manawa lōʻihi i loko o ka haku mele o ka naau kopilas keia eha. Ka "Eha Ana Aina," i ke ano o Mandelstam - quarrelsome, pahū, impulsive. Loa oluolu Osip ana i poe enemi, aole oia i huna i kona mau kānāwai a me nā koho. Ma keia Mandelstam mau, kokoke e pau pou-hoʻokahuli aupuni makahiki, i puʻe wale e noho i loko o loa ana. ka mea, ua i loko o 1930 ma ka anticipation o imminent make. Mandelstam admirers o talena o kona mau hoa i ole he nui loa, akā, ka mea, ua paa nae ka.

ke ola

E pili ana i ke ola ma na aoao hōʻike mai i ke ano o ke kanaka e like me Osip Mandelstam. Kawaihae, hoihoi 'kūʻiʻo e pili ana ia ia, he haku mele pili i kona hana pili ia ia. Osip ia i hoʻomākaukau ai i ka hāʻawi i ke ola, i ola. No ka ona, i ka manaʻo o ka hale paa, a ua nui loa nui, no ka laʻana, Bulgakov i ole mea. Ka a pau ao ka hale ia ia ia, a ma ka mea ia manawa Mandelstam ua noho i loko o kēia ao.

Ka hoʻomanaʻoʻana Osip hoʻomaka o ka 1920s, ia ia i loaa i ka lumi i loko o ka House o Arts ma Petrograd (e like me na kekahi poʻe kākau moʻolelo a me nā haku mele), KI Chukovsky kaulana i loaʻa ua mea i makemake i pau i Mandelstam, koe uahi paka. I ka wā o ka haku mele pakele kekahi keʻena (i ka makahiki 1933), B. Pasternak, ka mea i loko o ka makaikai ana i la haalele, ia mea e hiki ke kākau poetry - he keʻena ma laila. Osip hele mai keia ka pāpā huhū. O. E. Mandelshtam, kona Kawaihae ua hoailono aku la ma na mea he nui Episode o intransigence, e poino i kona keʻena, a hiki i kaumaha aku ai, e kiʻi iā ia hoʻi i ka poʻe i ka mea ia i presumably manao: portrayer, hoʻopono poe kipi. Ka mea, ua i ka weliweli o ka ike uku i i koi 'ia o ka ia.

Hana ma "Moskovsky Komsomolets"

Loa kahaha mea hana mau ia ala o ke ola o ka haku mele, like me ka Mandelstam? Kawaihae Hoʻouna 'smoothly kokoke i nā 1930s i loko o kona olaʻana a me ka hana. Bukharin, i ka haipule o Osipa Emilevicha i loko o ke aupuni koʻikoʻi a hanohano, hoʻonohonoho ia ma ka huli ana o 1920-30-ies i loko o ka nūpepa "Moskovsky Komsomolets" corrector. Ua haawi mai la i ka haku mele, a me kana wahine, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa palena iki 'ano o ka subsistence. Akā, Mandelstam hoole eʻae i ka "rula o ka laua" o Soviet moʻolelo ka mea i 'ano paha. Kona lōʻihi impulsiveness a me ka emotionality loa huikau hoahanau Mandelstam me na¯. He ua ma ka waena konu o ke Temepela - ka haku mele i hoopiiia o plagiarism i loko o ka unuhi. I mea e hoʻopale Osipa Emilevicha mai i ka hopena o ke Temepela i loko o 1930, Bukharin hoʻolālā i ka haku mele i ka kipa ia'Ararata, a hua mai la i ka manaʻo nui ma luna ona, akā, i lewa i loko o kāna hana. Ke hou Verses Ua maopopo lohe, a me ka hope Ka Ho 'Oponopono makau lahui manao. Inā Mandelstam Ka Ana Aina, ho'āʻo e pakele, mai ka pōʻino e hiki mai ka ino ia, akā, ano, eia ka mea hope i kona puu dala.

Kaʻike o ka pōʻino o kona hopena

Kaʻike o ka pōʻino o kona iho naue like, i kona koho hoʻoneʻe 'ia paha e ua hooikaika Mandelstam i ka nani, lono kaumaha pathos o kona hou na hana. , Ae waiho nei ma ka confrontation o ka noa kanaka o ka haku mele, "kenekulia-holoholona." Mandelstam Kahalaopuna poino nāna, he wahi kanaka i mua o ka ona. He Kahalaopuna like ia ia. Ma ka poem 1931 "No ka mea nākolokolo koa o ka makahiki e hiki mai ana", i i kapaʻia i loko o ka 'ohana kaiapili "Wolf", Mandelstam a wānana i ka hiki ana mai pio i loko o Siberia, a me kona mau make, a me ka poetic ka make ole. Nui o ka haku mele ike mua ma mua o na mea e ae.

Pōʻino poem e pili ana i Stalin

Mandelstam Nadezhda Yakovlevna, o ka wahine kāne make o Osipa Emilevicha, haʻalele o kāna kāne mau buke o memoirs, a wehewehe o ka sacrificial heroism o keia haku mele. Me ka manao maikai Mandelstam pinepine ka i kokoke ma ka suicidal. No ka laʻana, ma November 1933, i kākau ai no Stalin ikaika satirical poem, a heluhelu i ka hailona o koʻu mau hoa, a me Boris Pasternak. Boris Leonidovich Ua make koke ma ka hopena o ka haku mele, a'ī akula ia i kona poem - ole i ka palapala, ai 'mea,ʻaʻole mea'ē aʻe, e like me "he kanawai o ka he pepehi anaʻia iā iho," e hoapono ia ia i hiki ole. Pasternak i aʻo aku ai iā ia,ʻaʻole e heluhelu hou i loko o kēia hana. Eia naʻe,ʻo ia hiki ole noho hāmau Mandelstam. Kawaihae, hoihoi 'kūʻiʻo mai a mākou i pono ua'ōlelo, mai keia manawa i ka oiaio lono kaumaha.

Hoʻopaʻi Mandelstam, surprisingly, ua haawiia mai ai pahee lawa. I ia manawa poʻe i pepehiʻia, a ma luna o ka loa emi "hewa" nui. Stalin ka olelo hooholo heluhelu wale: "kaʻawale akā, hoola". Ua hoouna Mandelstam i loko o ke pioʻana i loko o ka'ākau kauhale o Cherdyn. Here Osip, e loaa ana mai ka noʻonoʻo kāna hana, a hiki makemake e hana he pepehi anaʻia iā iho. Friends hou kōkua. Kela manawa, losing keiki Bukharin hope palapala aku i hoa Stalin, e haku mele i mau pono, i ka mōʻaukala mea ma luna o ko lākouʻaoʻao. Ma hope iho o ia Osipa Emilevicha i hoolilo ia Voronezh, ma ka emi loa ana.

O ka papa, i kona hopena i hōʻailonaʻia. Eia naʻe, ma ka makahiki 1933, loa hoopai aku ia mea, e haʻi'ē aku i ka poem e pili ana Stalin, a pela mea e noho kaʻai a me ka mea haku mele. A ka mea makemake oiaio no e pono o Stalin, "ka makua kāne o ka lāhui kanaka". Stalin ike pehea e kali. He ike ia a pau ka manawa. Ma keia hihia, la oia i ka manao o ka mea makau nui o 1937, ma ka a Mandelstam i destined, a me nā haneri o nā tausani o nā poʻe untraceable nalo.

Makahiki o ke ola i loko o Voronezh

Voronezh hālau a Osipa Emilevicha, akā, hālau a hōʻea aku la ia ia me ka manaʻoe hōʻeha. Naʻe, i ole hooki i ke kaua me ka desperation, steadily hele mai i ona lā, Osip Emilevich Mandelshtam. Kona Kawaihae a mau makahiki paha ma na pilikia. He aohe mea o ka subsistence, e hālāwai me ia, i pakele ai me, ia,ʻaʻole loa oia i kana hopena. Mandelstam i kana a pau ia i manao ai e like me ka mea catches i me ka "makahiki-holoholona." A holo aku la ia ia i loko o ke pioʻana Akhmatova hoike ia i loko o kona lumi alternately "ma ka hana iho kukakuka iho." Ua unstoppable Verses ninau mai la lakou kala. Memoirs hōʻike 'ana i Mandelstam kekahi manawa, holo i ka uku kelepona a me ka heluhelu i ka noiʻi, i ia laila i pili, kā lākou hou na hana. I mai la ia i ka mea, aohe kekahi kanaka e heluhelu hou. Hanau palupalu i ka haku mele, ma ka poetry,ʻo ia a pakī mai i kona eha.

Voronezh mai ka makahiki 1935 a hiki i ka makahiki 1937, ua ho'okumu'ia'ekolu mau pepa kākau Voronezh. No ka lō'ihi,'a'ole i pa'i'ia nā hana o kēia pō'aiapili. 'A'ole hiki iā lākou ke kapa'ia he kālai'āina, akā,'o nā'ae "palewa" paha i'ike'ia he mea pa'akikī, no ka mea ua pani lākou i ka Poetry, ka'ole hiki'ole ke ho'oku'i'ia. A no nā luna,'a'ole no ka mea pōpilikia, no ka mea, e like me ka'u. Brodsky, "holoholo i ke ala holo'oko'a",'a'ole wale'o ka pūnaeho aupuni wale nō.

E ho'i i ka pane

He nui nā poemō o kēia wā, e like me nā hana a Mandelstam i nā makahiki 1930, ua piha i ka mana'o o ka make kokoke. Ua hala ka manawa o ka noho'ana o Voronezh i Mei 1937.'O kekahi makahiki'ē a'e ua lilo'o Osip Emilevich i kahi kokoke i Moscow. Ua makemake'o ia e'ae'ia e noho ma ke kapikala. Eia na'e, ua hō'ole ka mea ho'oponopono o nā nūpepa i ka ho'opuka wale'ana i kāna mele, akā, e kama'ilio pū ho'i me ia. Ua noi ka mea haku. He Ua kōkua i loko o keia manawa, hoa a me nā hoalauna: Boris Pasternak, Shklovsky, V. Kataev, Ilya Ehrenburg, ʻaʻole naʻe ka mea, i ka paakiki manawa ia iho. Ua kākau'o Anna Akhmatova ma hope o ka makahiki 1938 he manawa "apocalyptic" kēia.

E hopu, e ho'onele a me ka make

Ke waiho nei ia no kāua e ha'i iki i kahi mea haku mele e like me Osip Mandelstam. Ua kahaka'ia kahi mo'olelo pilikino o ia e kekahi hopu hou, i mālama'ia i ka lā 2 o Mei, makahiki 1938. Ua ho'olimalima'ia'o ia i'elima mau makahiki o ka hana ko'iko'i. Ua ho'ouna'ia ka po'ene i ka Hikina hikina. 'A'ole i ho'i mai'o ia mai laila mai. I ka lā 27 o Dekemaba, 1938, ma kahi kokoke i Vladivostok, ma ke kahua'o Rechka'elua, ua loa'a i ka poet ka make.

Mana'o mākou e makemake ana'oe e ho'omau i kou'ike me ka mea haku mele nui e like me Mandelstam. 'O ka mo'olelo, ka pa'i ki'i, ka mea no'ono'o - nā mea a pau e hā'awi i kekahi mana'o e pili ana. Eia na'e, ma ka'ōlelo'ana i nā hana a Mandelstam, hiki i kekahi ke ho'omaopopo i kēia kanaka, e'ike i ka mana o kona'ano.