Papa Inoa o nā pōhaku i loko o ke kaʻina pī'āpā

Pohaku i nā minelala hao a me kā lākou i huiʻia. He mea hiki ole e hoi i noonoo ai i ka Honua me nā minelala hao maoli ho okumu ia.

Kuisa:'ōnaehana

Anao? Aou i ka nui helu o? Ueo breeds e māheleʻia i loko o nā pūʻulu. Genetically kilakila:

• sedimentary;
• metamorphic;
• magmatic.

Recent kaʻana like 'ana i kekahi ekolu papa.

• plutonic;
• hypabyssal;
• lua.

Subgroups hiki ke maheleia i:

• ʻawaʻawa;
• meakino;
• walaʻauʻana;
• ultrabasic.

Ua aneane hiki ole i ka i hoʻouluulu i kekahi i ka papa inoa o ka pohaku, e lawe i ka mooolelo a pau na laha 'ma ka honua nei, no laila, he nui wale o ia mau mea. Ma keia 'atikala mākou, e hana i hoao e' ole i ka 'ike e pili ana i ka loa a me ka hoihoi', he pono ole ke ano.

Metamorphic pōhaku: papa

A o ka poe i hanaʻia ma lalo o ka aoao o ko ka honua ka pńpa typical o endogenous keʻano o ka hanaʻana. No ka huli ana ia lŘlŘ ka wā 'ona i loko o ka paa pae, ka mea i visually unnoticeable. Iloko o ke hoʻololi, hoʻololi i ka 'ole, hionapāʻili, haku mele' ana o ka palapala pohaku. Ua hanaia Oia loli, e pono i ka hoʻohui pū maikai o:

• paio hahana maoli nō;
• puʻe;
• hookoia kinoea, pāʻoihana.

Aia metamorphism:

• kēia māhele 'āina;
• I ka ihe;
• hydrothermal;
• pneumatolytic;
• metamorphism.

Ke eia ka mea o ka papa inoa o ka pōhaku alphabetically no keia pae ana o nā minelala hao.

amphibolites

Mau nā minelala hao i hana ma ka hornblende a me ka plagioclase. Ka leki mua ua hoʻolaha like silicate. Visually amphibolites - he shale a huihui ikehu lā o nā waihoʻoluʻu a pau mai ka pouli uliuli a pau iʻeleʻele. Waihoʻoluʻu hilinaʻi nui ma luna i ka nui o o ka pouli-nā pōpō eiiiiiaiou e noho i loko o ka haku mele 'ana o ka mea pōhaku. Secondary nā minelala hao o keia pae:

• grenades;
• magnetite;
• titanium;
• zoisite.

gneiss

Ma kona 'ole, gneiss māpala loa pili. Visually maopopo kēia mau nā minelala hao mai kekahi i kekahi mea,ʻaʻole e mau ana e hiki, e like me ka māpala a me ka gneiss kope e hele mai ana i ona lā i loko o physical kiko'î. Akā, ke kumukuai mea me ka nui loa emi gneiss.

Gneisses i kaiāulu loaʻa, no laila, pili i kūkulu. Nā minelala hao i e lauwili a me ka aesthetic. Nuʻa mea kiʻekiʻe, no laila, ka pohaku hiki ke hoʻohana i pōhaku puna hoʻopiha. I ka wa i uuku porosity a me ka haahaa wai omo gneiss ua mahuahua ia'ku i ke kūpaleʻana. Mai ka'aʻaiawā mea i uuku, ka hoʻohana 'ana o nā minelala hao ua ae like me kaʻalo maila nō lākou.

shales

E hoolilo ana i ka papa inoa o ka pohaku, i waena o metamorphicʻoiaʻiʻo, e hōʻike i nā schists. Līkaia no ia ano, e like me:

• pālolo;
• aniani;
• talc;
• chlorite.

Aie i ka hana 'ole a me aesthetics o ka pohaku, i loko o nā makahiki, ka slate ua lilo ka paʻa mau Nani Loa mea hoʻohana ma o ka hana.

Shales - Heʻano nui pūʻulu, a e i ka pōhaku. Papa Inoa o ka? Ueo inoa i mea 'Imi hoʻohanaʻia ke kanaka no kekahi mau hana (ʻano nui i loko o ka hana, hoʻoponopono,? Aeiino?):

• siltstone;
• zlatalit;
• serpantinitovy;
• gneiss;
• phyllitic a me slates.

quartzite

Keia pohaku ua maopopo loa no kona ikaika, no ka ua i hana pōaka me ka hou ana o impurities. I hana quartzite sandstone ka wā o ka loiloi mua hehee wale o ka mea pōhaku pōaka auou caiaiai ma nā 'āina' metamorphism.

Ma ke ano maoli, quartzite loaʻa i ka paa ho okumu. Pinepine impurities:

• hematite;
• māpala;
• silikone;
• magnetite;
• Mika.

Ke richest hoʻokomo kālā i loaʻa i loko:

• US;
• India;
• Rusia;
• Canada.

Ke kumu nui hiʻona o ka mea pōhaku:

• ia'ku i ka hau paa, humidity, mahana;
• ka ikaika;
• maluhia,? aneie friendliness;
• mea paʻa;
• ia'ku i alkalis, nāʻakika.

Philly

'Aʻole liʻiliʻi loa i loko o ka papa inoa o ka pōhaku no phyllites. Ka mea, kūlana 'he palapalaʻoihana ma waena o ka lepo a me Mika schists. Ka mea Ua anuanu a me ka ie-na hua liilii. Ma keia hihia,ʻae nō hoʻi mea pōaka pohaku, ka mea i wehewehe aku ma ka hai schistosity.

Phyllites i ka silky sheen. Ke ano noaia - eleele, malu o poʻo. Nā minelala hao Wāwahi i loko o lahilahi slabs. E like me ka hapa o phyllites hookuu ia:

• Mika;
• sericite.

Paha e hua liilii nā pōaka:

• albite;
• andalusite;
• pomeraite;
• pōaka.

Rich hoʻokomo kālā o ka phyllite ma Farani, England, a me kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia.

Sedimentary pōhaku: papa

Nā minelala hao o keia pae i aiaʻano nui ma luna o kaʻili kai. No ka ho okumu ana o ke ana ma lalo pono e halawai:

• haahaa ana wela;
• ii iai.

Aia i ekolu aaiaoe subtypes:

• clastic no ko ka lohi pohaku i hana fracture pōhaku;
• pālolo, ke kumu i pili i ka hou 'ana o nā minelala hao pūʻulu "silicate" a me ka "aluminosilicate";
• biohemo-, chemo-, organogenic. Oia palapala moʻopane keʻano o ka hanaʻana i hanaʻia me ka kūpono pāʻoihana. Keia ua kekahi e lawe i kaʻeleu loa ole wale microscopic meaola, ke aloha 'ona. Ka nui kūlana o ka neoneo huahana.

Mai chemogenic kalaʻana aku:

• halides;
• sulufahate.

Papa Inoa o nā pōhaku i loko o kēia subgroup:

• gypsum;
• anhydrite;
• sylvinite;
• Pōhaku ka paʻakai;
• carnallite.

Ka mea nui wale sedimentary pōhaku:

• Dolomite, limestone-me ke kaumaha.
• Limestone oia hoi o ka potasiuma kalepona me admixture o ka hookahi helu o inclusions a me makanekiuma. Kiko'î o ka mea pōhaku huahelu, nānā 'ia e ka haku mele' ana a me ka 'ole, e like me mea pōhaku hionapāʻili. A ki hiʻona - māhuahua holo 'awelika o compressive ikaika.
• Sandstone i hana mea pōhaku mānoanoa ko interconnected waiwai o maoli kumu. Mea paʻa pohaku hilinaʻi nui ma luna o admixtures, a ma luna o ka waiwai ka mea, lilo mea hoʻopaʻa.

lua pele pōhaku

E hōʻoia i ka lua pele pöhaku i ia e'ōleloʻia. Ka papa inoa o ia hua, meʻaneʻi na nā minelala hao i hana iloko o ka lua pele. Ma keia kala.

• effusive;
• clastic;
• lua.

Ka mua waeʻano, iʻikeʻia me pele pōhaku, nā:

• ole andesite;
• pōhakuʻalā;
• diabase;
• liparite;
• trachea.

By kahe lehu, i mea detrital, ka hoouka kaua:

• breccia;
• tuffs.

ʻaneʻane i ka piha ke Kaʻina papa inoa o ka lua pele pōhakuʻAno:

• anorthosite;
• māpala;
• gabbro;
• diorite;
• dunite;
• Komati;
• latites;
• monzonite;
• obsidian;
• pegmatite;
• peridotite;
• perlite;
• pumice;
• rhyolite mai;
• syenite;
• tonalite;
• petrosilex;
• slag.

ke aloha pōhaku

Mai ka i koe iho o na mea ola a pau i hanaʻia ma ke aloha pōhaku, i ka papa inoa o ka i mea pono i hoʻomaka me ka loa nui nā - chalk. Kēia mau pōhaku no i ka ua kamaʻilio nui ma luna sedimentary pae a me ka mea nui,ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o hua'ōlelo o ka applicability e hoʻoponopono i na kanaka hana, akā, i like me ka waiwai hulikoehana mea.

Ka loa nui subspecies o kēia 'ano o ka pōhaku - chalk. He lohe nuiʻia a me ka 'Imi hoʻohana i ka maʻamau o ke ola: ka mea, ua palapala ma na papa kahi i loko o nā kula.

Mel i hana calcite, a i mua o lakou o ka leho noho i loko o kahiko kai coccolithophorids līoho. O lakou ka microscopic meaola ma ka nui loa e noho mākou Honua he haneri miliona makahiki aku nei. I ia manawa, ai ka līoho hiki au ke alalai ole ma ka nui ?? eoi? O ke kai mehana. Make, microscopic meaola haule ana i ka lalo, ho okumu i ke anuanu, ahu iho. Kekahi mau mea i waiwai i loko o hoʻokomo kālā o sediments, he mau haneri o mika ma ka mānoanoa, a oi. Ka maikai i ike i na puu chalk:

• Volga;
• Palani;
• English.

Ma o ka Cretaceous pōhaku, kńnaka ua loaʻa ko läkou 'o ia:

• kai urchins;
• ka pūpū;
• ka huahuakai.

E like me ka rula, mau inclusions - mea wale nō he mau pakeneka o ka huina kaupaona i nā chalk, no laila, ua mau eiiiiiaiou mai i pili i nā mea kiko'î o ka ole. Ma hope o këia ka Cretaceous hoʻokomo kālā, i ke kanaka hulihonua loaʻa 'ike e pili ana:

• makahiki ole;
• ke kolamu wai i ua ma laila ma mua;
• kūikawā aku ana i mua ola i loko o ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana wahi.

Igneous pōhaku

Ma lalo o magmatism ia olelo maopopo e like me ka totality oʻike manaʻo, kena ae la ia e ka pelemaka a me kona hana. Ka pelemaka - he silicate heheʻe, he makana i ka waiʻona, kokoke i ke ahi. E like me kekahi hapa o ka pelemaka he mea he kiʻekiʻe pakeneka o yiaeaiiacaaeneiie hehee wale. Ma kekahi mau hihia, eia? Ueo:

• ole-silicate;
• nizkosilikatnye.

I ka wā o ka pelemaka anuanu a me crystallizes, ma laila nō igneous pōhaku. Ka mea, i kapaʻia igneous.

Līkaia ole:

• intrusive;
• effezivnye.

Mua i hanaʻia ma ka hohonu, a me ka lua - i ka lua i ana, oa ana ma ka Honua ka ili honua.

Pinepine me kekahi hapa o ka pelemaka mai heʻano o nā pōhaku, maule iho, a hui me ka silicate nuipa a. Keia hoʻonāukiuki mai:

• e hoohaunaele ana i ke ana wela i loko o ka honua nei pūhaka;
• EII ni puʻe;
• me ka hui pu ana o kumumea.

Ke Classic mana o ka magmatic pōhaku - māpala. Kela manawa, i kona loa inoa ma Roma - "ahi" ho mea ole i loko o kona palapala moku'āina ua like wela. Māpala mea mahalo ole wale ma kona oaoieei-kiko'î (keia mea o incredibly mau nō), akā, no hoi, no o ka nani, ma muli o ia mea pōaka inclusions.