Pehea na koko pūʻulu nei? Heaha la hoi ke ano o ke koko pae hoʻokaulike hiʻona

Ka makua kanaka kino noke circulates ma kahi o 5 nā lika o ke koko. Mai ka naau e hohola ma ke kino lawa ai manamana vascular upena. Heart Pono e pili ana i ka minuke, a 70 hahau ana, e skip a pau i ke koko, i pau ai nā māhele o ke kino me ka nui hehee wale.

Pehea e holo ai ka circulatory'ōnaehana?

Ua hoʻopakele i oxygen, a me ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka malamalama hua mai la i ka digestive'āpana māhuaola i kahi o ka mea i pono. Ke koko pū 'ohua' ana i ka mākaʻikaʻi hormones a stimulates ka withdrawal mai i ke kino palaho huahana. Ka malamalama ua waiwai me ka oxygen, a me ka i carbon dioxide Haʻalele i ka mea i loko o ka lewa, i ka wa a ke kanaka exhales. Ua 'ohua' ke kelepona hele'ōpala hoʻi i loko o nā nā loko o ka excretion. Ma waho lawe malama ana i ke koko a hiki i ke kino ka mea, ua mau Ua uniformly mahana. Inā he kanaka i anu na wawae a me na lima, a 'o ia hoʻi i ka mea, he lawa ke koko lako.

Erythrocytes a me leukocytes

Mau mea na keena a me kā lākou mau hana ano a me ka "hana". Red koko aeee (erythrocytes) e hana i loko o ka iwi ka lolo, a ua mau hōʻano. Ka 1 mm o ³ o ke koko o 5 miliona ula koko keena. Kā lākou hana - e haawi aku i oxygen i kekahi keena o ke kino. White koko keena - leukocytes (6-8 tausani no 1 mm o ^3). Ka mea, inhibit pathogens mea i komo iloko o loko o ke kino. A hiki i ke keʻokeʻo koko keena lakou loli ana e ka maʻi, kona aiiay papa i ke kino nalowale, a me kekahi kanaka ke make, mai ke ahiahi me ka maʻi e like maʻi palū, i ka maʻamau hoomalu'ōnaehana e koke Makuakane. White koko keena o ka kōkua iā ia, hoomanawanui iho mailoko o ia me ka mea hoʻomaʻi - i ke kino a hiki ole ke ku imua o na kanaka i loohia mai ia ia iho. Kēlā me kēia aeea, he keʻokeʻo koko aeea aʻulaʻula koko aeea - he ola ano, a me kona aayoaeuiinoe IeEeAUUXAAaO a pau na keʻano o ka hanaʻana 'ia i loko o ke kino.

He aha oukou e hanaʻi pela koko?

Koko haku mele 'ana kekahi i waena o kanaka, e like me nānā aku, ano o ka lauoho a me ka ili. Pehea na koko pūʻulu nei? Eha o ia: O (I), A (II), E like me (III) a me AB (IV). I mea, i a pae keia 'ole i ke koko ua' ole ma na nā polokina i kakauiaʻi ma ka ulaula koko keena a me ka wai koko.

Nā polokina antigens ma na erythrocytes i kapaia agglutinogens. Wai koko nā polokina i kapaia agglutinins. Agglyutinogeny loaʻa nō nāʻano: A a me B, agglutinins, hoi, e mahele ae - a ma.

Ia ka leo o ka hana. E 4 kanaka, no ka laʻana, Andrew, Alla, Alexey a me Olga. Andrei koko pūʻulu A me ka agglutinogen A i loko o ke keena a me ka wai koko agglutinins. Alla - Group B: nā agglutinogens a me agglutinins luawai. Alexei Group AB: hiʻona 4 koko pūʻulu i nā makana i loko o ka mea agglutinogens A a me B, akā,ʻaʻohe loa agglutinins. Olga i ka pae o ka pili ana i - ka mea hana ole ike agglutinogens, akā, i loko o ka wai koko e agglutinins i ka a me ka b. Kēlā me kēia meaola hoi me nā agglutinogens nā malihini aggressor.

hoʻokaulike

Inā ninini Andrew me ka pae A koko hui B, agglutinins ka mea e oleʻae i kekahi haole waiwai. hiki ole mau keena holo i ke alalai ole ma ke kino. No laila, eʻaʻole e hiki iā ia ke hoʻopakele i oxygen i nā loko e like me ka lolo, a me ia mea ke ola mau olelo hooweliweli. Ka mea hana i ka wa e hui pu iho A a me B pūʻulu. Waiwai I repel ka waiwai A, a no G (I) o ka pūʻulu mea,ʻaʻole pono o A a me B. I mea e pale hewa ma mua transfusion nā mea maʻi mua hoao no ke koko pae. People me ke koko hui au, noʻonoʻo i ka momona nā mea hāʻawi - ia fits kekahi. Pehea na koko pūʻulu malaila - a pau o ia e maikaʻi e pili ana i ke koko hui O, ka mea, aole ia i apo ia ulaula koko keena agglutinogens, i hiki ole "e like" me ka 'ē aʻe. Na kanaka (like i loko o mākou hihia, Olga) i paʻa nā mea hāʻawi. Group AB kekahi o A- a me B-nā polokina, ka mea hiki e pili ana me ka 'ē aʻe. Nolaila, he hoomanawanui me 4 koko pae (AB), a me ka mea e pono ai no ka transfusion hiki maluhia loaa i kekahi'ē aʻe. A no ke aha la kanaka e like Alex, ua kapaia "paʻa nā mea kūʻai mai."

I ko makou manawa ho'āʻo nei e transfusion i ke ahonui o ka hoʻohana 'ana o ke koko pae, i mea i loaʻa i loko o ke ahonui a me wale i ka Ina o ka pilikia, e hiki ke hoʻohana i ka paʻa mua. Ma kekahi hihia, e pono mua ka huli lākou hoʻokaulike,ʻaʻole e hanaʻino i ka hoʻomanawanui.

He aha ka RH ololi?

Red corpuscles kekahi kanaka iloko o ka kumuʻiʻo kapaia ka RH ololi, no laila, ka mea, i ka maikaʻi RH ololi. O ka poe i loaa ole ia oukou e like me ka kumuʻiʻo, ka mea, olelo no ka mea, ua i ka io RH ololi, a me ka mea e hiki ai i nā e ninini wale nō i ke kiko'ī ia i ke koko. Ināʻole pēlā lākou'ōnaehana paleʻea'ōnaehana e hoomalau ia ma hope o ka transfusion mua.

He nui no ka hoʻoholo 'ana i ka RH ololi ma ka hāpai keiki. Inā ka makuahine mea io lua o ka pae, oiai ka makua 'oluʻolu, i ke keiki ke loaa i ka makua o RH ololi. Ma kēia hihia, na nā mea'aʻaʻa loaa, a hiki e alakai ai i ka make ana o kaʻulaʻula koko keena ma maternal koko. I ka lua o ka pūʻulu o maikaʻi fetal RH-kue hana pilikia loa i ke ola a me ka ola o ke keiki.

Aaiaoe EYI pūʻulu

Like me, like me ka malu o ka lauoho, koko, kanaka loaa mai ai iaʻu, mai ko lākou mau mākua. Akā, i kēia 'aʻole i manaʻo i ke keiki, e i ka ia' ole ia me nā 'ole kekahi makua. I kekahi manawa, ua ninau mai o ka naaupo, lilo ia i ke kumu o ka 'ohana i nuku mai. I mea, i ke koko hooili mea paha i kekahi kanawai o aaiaoe?. E maopopo mea a pehea ka nui o ke koko pūʻulu nei i loko o ke kahua o ke hou ola i kekahi, e papaʻaina ma lalo iho nei.

No ka laʻana, ina i ke koko o ka 4 pūʻulu, a me kona makua kāne mua i loko o ka makuahine, e ole i ka ia koko e like me ka makuwahine i ke keiki. E like me ia i ka papaʻaina, ka mea hiki ia i ka lua, a me ke kolu o ka pūʻulu.

keiki hooilina o ke koko pūʻulu.

Rhesus ololi ua i ili. No ka laʻana, ina elua a me kekahi o na makua i ka lua o ka maikaʻi pūʻulu, hiki e hanau i ke keiki me ka maikaʻi a me ka io rhesus. Inā kēlā makua Rhesus io, laila triggered i nā kānāwai o nā kūpuna mai. Ke keiki ke e ka mea mua a me ka lua o ka io pūʻulu.

Kaukaʻi ma luna o kanaka kêia kanaka

Pehea na koko pūʻulu like paha i kahi, i ka lākou mau pilina i loko o kekahi kanaka, ke kaumaha ma muli o ko lākou wahi o ke kumu. Aia mau no ka nui o kanaka kekahi, i ka ho'āʻo e hooholo i ke koko pae, e hoomakaukau i manawa no ka noiʻi e pehea e lauwili i ke alapine (frequency) e loli iki ana ke kaumaha ma muli Leeuwerikplein henua ike. Palapala Aupuni Europeoids he 41% koko hui A, i like i ka 27% oʻApelika Waena Americans. Kokoke i ka Indians a pau i loko o Peru i hui au, a ma Central Asia, ka loa, he pono ole ka pae III. No ke aha lā i loaʻa kēia mau oko ao - ua ole loa maopopo.

Waiū i kekahi mau maʻi

Akā,ʻepekema i ka pala o kekahi hana hoihoi 'pili ma waena o ke koko keena a me kekahi mau maʻi. Mea nona ke koko hui aʻu, no kekahi laʻana, ma kamepiula kiekie o ka ulcer maʻi. A kanaka me ka lua o ka pūʻulu i ka pilikia o ka maʻi 'aʻai o ka'ōpū. O loa'ē, akā, na nā polokina e kauoha aku i ke koko, i mea i like loa me nā polokina i loaʻa ma luna o ka ili o kekahi pathogenic koʻohune a me nā mea hoʻomaʻi. Inā he kanaka ua iho mailoko o ia me ka mea hoʻomaʻi 'ilikai nā polokina, e like me kona iho, i ka'ōnaehana paleʻea nenoaia e ike ia lakou e like me ko lakou iho, a ae aku ia lakou e proliferate unchecked.

No ka laʻana, ili honua nā polokina o microorganisms ma o na la bubonic ahulau, mea i like loa me ka mea aʻu i koko pae kumuʻiʻo. ʻepekema noiʻi hāʻupu aʻe i kēia mau kanaka i e pakahi aku la ia susceptible i keia maʻiʻaʻai. ʻepekema,ʻo ke ahulau originated ma ka Hikina Hema Asia, a ua palahalaha ae ma ke komohana. A hiki ia i 'Eulopa, ka mea i luku aku i ka hapaha o ka heluna kanaka i loko o ka XIV kenekulia: ina i ka maʻi i kapaia "ʻeleʻele ka make." Ma Central Asia i ka haahaa helu o ka poʻe me aʻu i ke koko pae. No laila, ka mea, hoi keia pae i "i emi kana" i loko o nā wahi likeʻole ma maʻi hoi pakahi aku la ia rampant, a me ka poʻe me nā pūʻulu ka mea, he nui wale o ke ola i ke kai. ʻepekema,ʻo ke aia mea he pilina o ka maʻi o ke koko. Ka like ana o keia mana i loko o ka wā e hiki mai, e kōkua i ka decipher i ke Kin o ka maʻi, a hōʻike mai i nā mea huna o ke kanaka ola.