Pneumocystis pneumonia: mea, lalau mai, symptoms, lapaau. Pneumocystis pneumonia ma HIV-iho mailoko o

Health - ka mea loa waiwai hiki i ke kanaka i. Ua noa manaolana e noho loa, a mai i ae aku i kekahi mau maʻi. Ka maʻi hoʻololi kanaka ma kela aoao o iaia - ka mea, e mau naau, i ko lakou helehelena meaʻilihune, he mea palaka i ka mea a pau i ka hanaia a puni, a ma kekahi mau hihia hookahi ano keia ano, a kōkua maikaʻi i nā poʻe o nā pilikia he kanaka huli i loko o nā kumu a me ka cynical.

Ka maʻi au e hoʻokuʻu i kekahi. E like keiki i ole'ōnaehana paleʻea, mai ka pilikia mai o aoao hana i kekahi maʻiʻaʻai. Eia hou, i ka ehaeha ua hoano e ole wale hoʻomanawanuiʻana iā lākou iho, akā, i kā lākou i aloha keiki. He oi loa paʻakikī e Makuakane me kā lākou Emotions a me ka manaʻo o na makua, ka poe i keiki i keia ai i pathology i 'akomi i. nō hiki ole wehewehe ana Kids no o ko lākou manawa'ōpio wale nō ka mea a lakou i no e pili ana, i māhele o ke kino ma ka eha, a pehea e hoike mai ai ia ia.

Insidious mai ka PCP. Oe ke lilo mailoko o anywhere a, paradoxically, a hiki i ka iaeoaeuiiai eiiieaena. Ke kahua Ua huikau ma ka mea e huai ae i ka maʻiʻaʻai ma ka kakahiaka kahua o kona ulu ka loa paʻakikī. Pinepine, kanaka e hoʻomaopopo i ka mea e pono ai 'inikua kōkua ka wā waiwai manawa i mua, ua nalowale. Ia mea ke kumu o ka make ana, mai pneumocystosis kiʻekiʻe loa. Kauka mai i mau kahu ai e hoola i ke ola ana o ke kanaka.

Diagnosed "pneumocystis"

People ka mea e ole i kekahi mea e hana me ka lapaau, ka hapanui o ia mau mea uuku, haohao i ka 'inikua terminology. No laila, i kaʻike, a lohe "pneumocystis" a me "PCP", ka mea mau i ka poino, a hiki haule i loko o ka, nanea ana. I ka mea, mai panic. Mua, e pono i ka mālie iho, huki oe ia oe iho i kahi hookahi, a noi aku i kou kauka ma ka au mamuli, ma ka alodio hua'ōlelo, e hoomaopopo aku i ia mea.

pinepine Pneumocystis haawiia i like PCP, i mea he protozoan maʻi e loli ai i ka ia maʻiʻaʻai. Activators pathology noonoo microorganisms,ʻikeʻia me Pneumocystis carinii. A nei, epekema manaoio aku i ka mea, no ka laha ana o ka simplest. Naʻe, i ka kŘpa a nei ma ke kumu o nā haʻawina lehulehu ka mea i manao ai, aole mau microorganisms i kekahi mau hiʻona i ho'ākāka 'ia fungi. Pneumocystis carinii mea he parasite i iho mailoko o kānaka wale. Ma ka liʻiliʻi loa i loko o na holoholona ka mea, a hiki i kēia lā,ʻaʻole ia akulla 'i kekahi manawa.

He aha ka hana i loko o ka hoʻomanawanui ka PCP?

Loli i loko o ke kino manawa pneumocystosis hilinaʻi ma luna o nā kumumea: ma luna o ka liluwelo waiwai i pathogens o pneumonia, a me ka noho ana o na kanaka'ōnaehana paleʻea nenoaiu. Pneumocystis, hookahi ma ke kino, hoʻomaka lākou mua ma ka naehana'āpana, e elude ia, a komo i loko o ka alveoli. Eia hoʻomaka 'ana i ko lākou ola kalapona. Ua lākou ka hoʻonuiʻana, hele mai lākou i loko o hui 'ana me ka surfactant, a hoʻokuʻuʻawahia metabolites. 'Īnea nei me Pneumocystis carinii T-lymphocytes, e like me ai-kapaia alveolar macrophages. Eia naʻe, he hoʻonāwaliwaliʻia'ōnaehana paleʻea'ōnaehana,ʻaʻole wale hiki ole hoʻopale kona kaua mai ka maʻiʻaʻai, akā, wäwahi i ka mea ku ole - ua ka e ku pono ana ia: ia stimulates a maoli he i ka helu o Pneumocystis.

Loa ola kanaka ka hoʻonuiʻana o Pneumocystis carinii ua i hooweliweli. Akā, i ke kulana hoʻololi radically ina ka'ōnaehana paleʻea nenoaiu meaʻilihune. Ma keia hihia, i ka maʻi ua ho'ā 'ia me ka uila māmā holo, a ma ka kŘpa a pōkole wā o ka manawa o ka helu o Pneumocystis, loaa ia ma ka malamalama ihoiho hoʻokahi piliona. Ua ua maopopo piha alveolar kahua, e haawi ala i ka foamy exudate, hoʻohuikau o kaʻili lahilahi ano hoopono alveoli leukocytes a ultimately e pōʻinoʻia, a me, ka hope loa ia'na alveolocytes. Aie i ka mea i Pneumocystis pono snugly i alveolocytes, hoemiia naehana ili o na ia maʻiʻaʻai. E like me ka hopena, akemāmā'aʻaʻa poho hoʻomaka i ke kaʻina hana o ka alveolar-capillary blockade.

E kūkulu i kou iho ke kelepona heleʻili lahilahi, Pneumocystis carinii pono surfactant phospholipids kanaka. Nolaila, he mea iʻaihue o surfactant pūnao, a me ka nui loa ano hoomainoino akemāmā'aʻaʻa hypoxia.

ʻO wai lā ka mea nui ma pilikia o nā maʻi?

'ano o ka pneumonia ike ai i ka lā e kaulana mai kekahi i kekahi, a me ka nui, e hoike ana i ka pilikia o? ac? aaioea paku ole ia i kekahi mau waeʻano o kanaka. Pneumocystis ma keia ano mea i koe. Ua Ua loa olelo e hoʻomōhala ana i loko o:

• premature na kamalii uuku;
• na kamalii uuku, a me na keiki ka poe i paku ole ia i ka huʻi bronchopulmonary maʻi loa, i ua koi no ka manawa lōʻihi e ia i loko o ka haukapila, a undergo i ka luna 'a me ka lōʻihi-makahiki Inc;
• kanaka e loaa ana oncological a me ka gemozabolevaniyami, a kamaʻilio me cytostatics a me corticosteroids, e like me 'īnea nei me kelaʻaʻa puʻuwai pathologies a me connective nā'aʻaʻa, ala ma ka hopena o ka transplantation o ka kekahi kūloko ma hui, kēia;
• TB e hoomanawanui i ka poe i loaa lōʻihi manawa potent antibacterials;
• HIV-iho mailoko o nā mea maʻi.

E like me ka rula, o ka maʻiʻaʻai ua pū i hiki ma airborne droplets, a me kona kumu o ke ola kanaka, ka hapanui o nā mea a pau - hana i loko o ka haukapilaʻo. Ma keia kumu, ka mea uie kekahi hapanui hewahewa o nā kānakaʻepekema hoʻopaʻapaʻa ana i ka PCP - wale wahi maʻiʻaʻai. I loko nō o kēia, ka mea i pono, e möakäka hou i kekahi o na kauka kākoʻo i ka ike i ka ulu ana o ka pneumocystosis i loko o ka neonatal wā o ka hopena o ka maʻiʻaʻai o ka fetus i loko o ka opu.

He aha symptoms mea he hōʻailona e pili ana i ka hooulu ana o ka pneumocystis pneumonia i loko o nā keiki?

Makuahine a me Pāpā i mau loa ikepili koʻikoʻi i ke ola o kā lākou mau keiki. Ia mea i kahaha ko oukou naau i ka mea e makemake e ike pehea e hōʻike pneumonia i ka manawa. O ka holo ana, i kaʻike, hope hiki wale nō ia i ke kauka, akā, e hōʻike i ka mua hoailona o ka maʻi e e hiki i kekahi manao makua. Kēlā me kēia nalowale lā ke alakai i ka mea i ke keiki i loaʻa i kaʻeluaʻaoʻao pneumonia, pneumocystis, a me nā complications.

Pneumocystis pneumonia i keiki ulu maʻamau, e hoʻomaka ana ma nā mahina o ka makahiki. Loa pinepine i ka maʻi e loli ai i ua poe keiki, ka poe i ua hōʻike 'mamua cytomegalovirus maʻiʻaʻai. I ka maʻi i loko o ia lŘlŘ lākou panina palapala interstitsianalnoy pneumonia. Eia naʻe, kauka hooiaio ia ma ka loiloi mua ke kahua mea kokoke ole, e huai ae ia i ka maʻi, e like me Pneumocystis pneumonia. Symptoms hōʻike hope. I ka papa kuhikuhiE na hoailona kuhikuhi ana i ka kokololio kūpono 'ana o ka maʻiʻaʻai nā:

• loa ikaika Whooping cough ia;
• Papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika outbreaks o breathlessness (kaʻoi loa i ka po);
• kekahi keiki, aia ka hookuuia o glassy, foamy, oho a me ka h ÷ mucus.

Ke incubation au o ka maʻi, he 28 lā. I ka wa e kaawale aku o ka pono a me ka 'eleu lapaʻau, ka make ana o ke keiki e loaa ana mai ka pneumocystis, hiki 60%. Eia hou, nā pēpē i ka poe i Pneumocystis pneumonia ia lŘlŘ ole i nanaia na hoailona, aia no he likelihood nui i hoike mai ai ia obstructive maʻi pale i loko o ka wā e hiki mai ma kahi o. Kēia meaʻano nui no ka nani o ka mucous. Inā ua ole ka manaʻo hōʻoia no 'inikua kōkua e e hāʻawi i kāu keiki, obstructive maʻi pale hiki ke lilo iho la laryngitis, a' oi mau keiki - i loko o ka asthmatic maʻi pale.

Symptoms e hōʻike ana i nā mākua

Pneumonia i loko o ka poʻe kūpuna, a opiopio i wahi i loko o ka oi luna 'ala ma mua i loko o na kamalii uuku, a me na keiki opiopio. Ka maʻi ho'āhewa waleʻano nui kanaka i hanau me ka immunodeficiency, a me ka poe me ka poe ana i ke kino ma ka wā e ola ana. Naʻe, i kēia mea,ʻaʻole he rula i kahawai i ka iki haiahū kūmau. Ma kekahi mau hihia, Pneumocystis pneumonia ia lŘlŘ i loko o nā mea maʻi me ka loa ola'ōnaehana paleʻea kahua.

Ke incubation au o ka maʻi loli aʻe mai ka 2 a hiki i 5 mau lā. Ke hoomanawanui i ka kēia symptoms:

• ke kuni,
• migraine,
• nawaliwali ma ke kino a pau,
• excessive sweating,
• ʻeha manaʻo i loko o ka pahu,
• loa naehana ana ka poino pu ma ka maloo a me ka pulu cough a me ka tachypnea.

Ma waho o ka luna kumu o symptoms, ua symptoms kekahi manawa, kaulana like acrocyanosis, retraction o nā wahi i wāhiʻia ma waena o nā iwi, cyanosis (bluish) nasolabial triangle.

A hiki ma hope o ka piha papa o ka hana maikaʻi i loko o kekahi nā mea maʻi he mea he helu maopopo no Pneumocystis pneumonia complications. Kekahi hoʻomanawanui iki mai ka mahina i ka recurrence. Kauka i aku nei au ia ina he mea kekahi relapse i loko o 6 mahina, mai ka hihia mua o ka maʻi, e paipai i ka maʻiʻaʻai ana ma ke kino, ua hana hou ia. A ina mea ia lŘlŘ oi ma mua o 6 mahina, a laila mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka hou maʻiʻaʻai a reinfection.

Me ka pono lapaʻau o ka palaho i kanaka makua nā mea maʻi me ka pneumocystis papa koa mai ka 90, a i ka 100%.

Symptoms o ka maʻi i loko o HIV-iho mailoko o

Pneumocystis pneumonia ma HIV-iho mailoko o, i kū'ē i ka poʻe i e ole i ka mea hoʻomaʻi? Acaeoey oo loa lohi. Mai ka manawa ka wā e hoʻomaka prodromalʻike manaʻo, a me ma mua kaua okoa pulmonary symptoms, ka mea i lawe mai ka 4 a hiki i 8-12 pule. Nolaila, kauka ma ka iki e hoʻohuoiʻia o ke alo o ka maʻiʻaʻai i loko o ke kino, ma ka hou i nā ho'āʻo ma, ka mea, ua pono i ka mea e hoomanawanui i hana umauma X-kukuna.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE symptoms o ka pneumocystosis i kōkua iā ia, e hoomanawanui i loaʻa:

• High wela (38 a hiki i 40 ° C), a 'aʻole e hāʻule i loko o 2-3 mahina;
• koke kaumaha poho;
• maloo cough;
• pokole o ka hanu;
• e māhuahua naehana insufficiency.

I ka hapanui o ka naʻauao mea o ka manao ana i kālā o ka pneumonia ma HIV-iho mailoko o nā mea maʻi i ka ia symptoms me pneumocystosis. No laila, i loko o nā kuʻina kakahiaka o ka maʻi, e hooholo i 'ano o ka pneumonia ma ka hoomanawanui i wahiʻaneʻane hiki ole i. Eia naʻe, ka wā Pneumocystis pneumonia ma HIV-iho mailoko o nā mea maʻi hoikeia mai, ka mea, ua ua nalowale nui loa manawa, a me ka ho'āʻo 'i ke kino ka loa paʻakikī i ke kaua maʻiʻaʻai.

Pehea i diagnosed me pneumocystis?

He oiaio, a pau i ike i ka nana aku o kekahi kanaka o ia maʻiʻaʻai. Photos o keia kino ua loaʻa hou kēlā 'ole i loko o ka puke' anatomia i 'ole ma o ka E kūʻoe i loko o ka? Aaieou paha i loko o kekahi' ē aʻe kumu. Ka 'ike no ka lā, ka mea, aohe shortage. Eia hou kekahi, kauka paipai i koʻu hoʻomanawanui iki mai i ka mea e hana i ka makahiki umauma X-kukuna. Kue i ka manao o na mea he nui, i kēia mea,ʻaʻole he fad, "picky" kahuna lapaau, a me ka manaʻo nele. Keia i ka mea hiki ke kuhikuhi i ka malamalama manawa-ponalonalo ana i ka X-kukuna, a i hoomaunauna aku ai i manawa e hoʻomaka lapaau. Ke koke e ike mākou e pili ana i ka maʻi, i ka mea i oi aku ka manawa, e ia no ke ola.

Eia naʻe, kakaʻikahi o mākou ike ana i ka hoike ma radiographs PCP. Photos o keia ano keia ano ma ke kula puke mai i loaʻa ka 'inikua maopopo kahi puke a me nā encyclopedias no ka hapanui ano o kanaka mai ole i kekahi uku hoopanee. A, ua hiki mai i e hoohalike ai i ka maʻi ua diagnosed, eia nae ike hoi oukou i makemake e hana ino aku.

Mua, he ka muaʻike, ua i. Ke Kauka noi i ka hoʻomanawanui e pili ana i kona hui 'ana me ka poʻe a pau i ke kamepiula pūʻulu (HIV-iho mailoko a kōkua iā ia, nā mea maʻi).

Ma hope i ka mea hope loaʻike. Na kēia keʻena hoʻokolohua, a vocal haʻawina:

1. Ke kauka prescribes i ka olelo o ka hoʻomanawanui ma luna o ka mea like me ke koko Ka Ikepili loli. Mau noonoo ana ua unuhi ana i ka ke kiekie pae o eosinophils, lymphocytes, leukocytes a me monocytes. Ma nā mea maʻi me ka pneumocystis e e mehana anaemia, a iki i kuʻu iho hemoglobin.
2. Waeia vocal ninaninau. Ua mea e pili ana i rengenografii me i ka manao o ke kahua o ka maʻi. Ua ka X-Ray, i mea maopopo hiki i kekahi kanaka ka maʻiʻaʻai. Ke kiʻi ua pili i ka mea hoʻomanawanui kāleka. Ma ka mua ke kahua ia nunui maʻalahi ka waiwai kumu. Inā hoʻoneʻe pneumocystis i loko o ka lua o ke kahua, he mea maopopo hiki i ka X-Ray malamalama ponalonalo ana. Iho mailoko o hiki e kekahi wale i ka hema paha wale ka akemāmā akau, akā, hiki ke pa a ke ku a me kekahi a me kekahi.
3. I mea e huai ae i ke alo o ka pneumocystosis, ke kauka 'ana nō, e paa i ka parasitological mahele. He aha ka mea? Ke hoomanawanui mua ua ia e kālailai i ka hāpana o mucus. No keia e akoakoa ai i kāu kiʻina hana e like me bronchoscopy, bronchoscopy a me ka biopsy. Eia hou, i ka hāpana hiki ke loaa ka hoʻohana ai-i kapaia he ano o ka hoʻokomo o ke cough.
4. I mea e kuhikuhi i nā mea'aʻaʻa no Pneumocystis alakai serological study ninoieo i loko o ka mea ana i ke koena unuhi i loko o 2 pule ua ia i ka hoʻomanawanui a hiki i ka Ikepili o ka lāʻau lapaʻau 2. Inā kela a me keia o iaʻike piʻi luna ma mua o maʻamau cia titer o ma ka liʻiliʻi loa i ka ololi o ka 2, e hoʻi ia i ke kanaka mea maʻi. Ua like Ua mālama 'ia ma ka mea, e hoʻopau i ka mau Media, e like me nā mea'aʻaʻa i loaʻa ma kahi o 70% o ke kanaka.
5. E huai ae parasite antigens ma sputum, a me ka biopsy specimen a me broncho-alveolar lavage hanaia PCR lapaʻau 'ana.

ke kahua pneumocystosis

He ekolu ka mea i hahai ana ka mea mamuli o kekahi kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao o ka PCP:

• oedematous (1-7 pule);
• atelektaticheskuyu (awelike 4 pule);
• emphysematous (o kekahi durations).

Edematous ke kahua pneumocystosis wehewehe aku mua helehelena o ka nawaliwali ma ke kino, lethargy, cough, a laila, he pohihihi keia, ke kiʻekiʻe o intensifying, a me wale i ka pau ana o ka manawa - he ikaika maloo cough, a me ka pokole o ka hanu i hoʻokō '. Na kamalii uuku ino breastfeed, mai i kau ma luna o ke kaupaonaʻana, a kekahi manawa hoole i ka makuwahine o ka waiū. 'Aʻole mea hou i loko o ka X-Ray malamalama ua ole' akomi i.

I loko o atelektaticheskoy kahua febrile kuni ua malamaia. Cough ua nui hoʻokāʻoi 'a ikeia foamy sputum. Pokole o ka hanu i Konakele. A hiki i nīnūnē hoounauna. Ma ka X-Ray hiki atelektaticheskie loli.

Ma nā mea maʻi i ola makou mahope o ka mua 2 manawa, ulu emphysematous pneumocystosis ke kahua, oiai i ka hoemi ooieoeiiaeuiiai hana o ka hanu a me ka hoike ana i na hoailona o ka emphysema.

degere pneumonia

Ma lapaau, e hoomaopopo i ke kēia 'degere o ka oolea o ka maʻi.

• malamalama, a ua wehewehe aku ma ka nawaliwali kaʻawahia i koena (ole e oi aku 38 ° C, a me ka ike paka i nezatumanennoe mahana) ua ole ia dyspnoea, Pu o ka malamalama ia akulla 'ma ka liʻiliʻi m-Ray;
• awelika, wehewehe aku lōpū intoxication (ka mahana aku i 38 ° C, hiki 100 Pauma no minuke, i ke ahonui complains o ka mahuahua sweating , a pela aku ...), i hoʻomaha dyspnea ua malamaia ma ka m-Ray ho film maopopo hiki infiltration o na maʻiʻaʻai;
• me ke kaumaha, e kahe ana me ka loa intoxication (hehi iho la ka mahana aku i 39 ° C, palpitations aku i 100 kui iho oe a no minuke, aia no he delirium), e holumua ai naehana insufficiency, a me ka mea hiki ma ka m-Ray nui infiltration o na maʻiʻaʻai, paha e hoʻoikaika i like complications.

He aha ka lapaʻauʻia ua kuhikuhi i nā mea maʻi PCP?

Aia mea i kanalua i ka ike ana pehea e hōʻike akemāmā li nui, mea he nui hoʻohui no kēlā me kēia kanaka. Naʻe, i kēia mea,ʻaʻole lawa. Mākou mau ole kauka a me ka pololeiʻike, hiki ole i. Aia mea i kekahi ano o ka pneumonia a me ka hooholo unilateral aʻeluaʻaoʻao pneumonia, pneumocystis, a me nā ano o ka maʻi i loko o hiki ole ke hoʻolimalima hale. Nolaila, i ka pakiko-lapaʻau hiki ole ke hele me ka olelo ana. Na ka papa kuhikuhiE mea -ʻaʻole e hoʻokaʻulua, a ke paulele kumu. Ma hope o ka hoʻokō 'ia nā mea a pau e pono noiʻi kauka hiki pololei kikoo aku i ka hopena ma luna paha o ka kumu o ka maʻi i ka hoʻomanawanui o Pneumocystis pneumonia. ua haawiia mai lapaʻau wale nō ma hope o hōʻoiaʻiʻo nō o kaʻike, moe i loko o ka hana o kaʻaha hui malu ana a me ka lāʻau Inc.

ʻaha hui-? Eia hana loaʻa paʻa mau hospitalization. Ma ka haukapila i ka hoʻomanawanui hookipa mai ka lapaʻauʻia, a me kaʻai e waihoʻia kekahi kauka.

Uluwehi O Inc ninoieo o etiotrop, pathogenetic a me symptomatic lapaʻau. Hoʻomanawanui iki mai pele prescribers "Pentamidine" "furazolidone" "Trichopolum" "Biseptolum", a me kela Anati-hoʻoʻino ai ', ai' e paipai a kōkua i ka expectoration o sputum expectoration, mucolytics.

"Biseptol" ua lawelawe hōʻike waha paha intravenously. Ka lāʻau 'Ua pono tolerated a me ka mea e ahoʻia ia "Pentamidine" i ka hookohu o ka hoʻomanawanuiʻana,ʻaʻole loaʻa mai kōkua iā ia,. "Pentamidine" lawelawe intramuscularly paha intravenously.

HIV-iho mailoko o nā mea maʻi, i waena o nā mea a pau, e loaa ana antiretroviral Inc, no ka mea, Pneumocystis pneumonia ia lŘlŘ like me ka hopena o ka hoʻonāwaliwaliʻia'ōnaehana paleʻea kahua. Pneumocystosis no ka hana maikaʻi kōkua iā ia, nā mea maʻi i loko o nā makahiki i increasingly hoʻohana i ka Alpha difluoromethylornithine (DFMO).

Kāohi

Kāohi pneumocystosis ka loaʻa o ka helu o nā hana, i waena o a ka eia e e kaulana:

1. E hoʻopau i ka maʻiʻaʻai i loko o na kamalii ka ola pono i loko o ka haukapilaʻo, a i ia oncological a me ka hematological nā mea maʻi, a pau i ke kookoo, me ka a koe, e e kekahi manawa hookolokolo aku la ia no ke alo o ka maʻiʻaʻai.
2. Uluwehi O prophylaxis o ka poe ma kamepiula. Kēia Kāohi mea a mau hoailona ia mea: iniiaiie (mua ka mea, hoʻomaka e hoʻomōhala i ka maʻi) a me ka haumāna (kāohi ma hope piha koi e ole recurrence).
3. Kakahiaka nui ka loaʻaʻana o ka pneumocystis pneumonia a koke hoʻokaʻawale o ka hoʻomanawanui.
4. Ka pololei, disinfection i wahi kahi outbreaks i ua hoʻopaʻa 'pneumocystosis. E hana i kēia, hana hoopuluia, i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka 5% pāʻoihana o ke chlorine Hekikai.