Quantum unu lawelawe: ke ano, loina o ka hana

Quantum Me, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa i loko o kumumanaʻo, e hōʻike i kekahi mau makahiki. Hoikehonua, ano o ka machines i hoʻohana 'ole-panina mechanics no ka lawelawe palena papaha untold dala o kaʻikepili, ua lilo he nui Hopu. E like me ka mea haku polokalamu, kā lākou manaʻo ua paha ka loa Ka Uluwehi O Ke 'enehana loa hana. Quantum nā unu lawelawe hana ma ka 'ilikai ai o ka mea, o ka i kanaka a pau iʻike wale 100 makahiki aku nei. Ka Loaʻaʻia o ia ho mea nui. E ho ohana i bizarre quantum waiwai e oia i na helu, ai na hana i ka mea a ianoiyuaa a panina kamepiula 'ē aʻe hiki ole ke hoʻolimalima i ka e hoʻonā' ia. Aʻaʻole wale nō i loko o ka mahinaʻai o ke kemika a me nā mea 'epekema. Wall Street ua kekahi e hoike ana i ka uku hoopanee.

Hoʻokomo kālā i loko o ka wā e hiki mai

CME Group i ua hoʻopuka kālā ka Vancouver poe 1QB 'ike loea Inc., e hoʻomōhala ana i lako polokalamu no Quantum type nā unu lawelawe. E like me nā kānaka hoʻopukapuka kālā, mau helu a pau, aolie ia i ka hopena nui ma luna o ka hana, a hana me ka nui dala o ka 'ikepili koʻikoʻi ikepili i ka manawa. An kumu o ia nā mea kūʻai mai i kālā kulanui. Goldman Sachs ua hoʻopuka kālā i loko o D-Wave Systems, a me ka poʻe In-Q-loko aku hoʻolako 'ia e ka CIA. Ka mua hana machines i e ka mea i kapaʻia he "quantum annealing", oa, E. e hoʻoholo ai i ka mea haʻahaʻa-ʻilikai kaʻoi loa pilikia ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka quantum unu lawelawe. Intel ua i komo ma ka hoʻokomo kālā i loko o kēia 'ike loea, eia nae ka mea, e hoomanao i ka manaʻo o ka wā e hiki mai hana.

No ke aha la hana ia?

Ke kumu i quantum Me mea no laila, pīhoihoi, moe i loko o kā lākou mau hemolele pu ana me ka mīkini hoʻonaʻauao. Currently, ka mea, o ke kumu nui noi no ka hoʻomaulia. Kekahi kumu o keia mea heʻilihune o ka manaʻo o kekahi quantum kamepiula - hoʻohana 'ana i ka hoʻoponopono mea, e huli i ka pāʻoihana. I kekahi manawa, wehewehe i ka manaʻo ma ke kumu hoohalike o ka manu huhu Birds. E simulate ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o ka umekaumaha a me ka colliding mea CPU papa hoʻohana makemakika nā helu kaulike. Quantum nā unu lawelawe i keia hoʻokokoke ma luna o kona poʻo. Ka mea, "hoolei" he mau manu, a me ka makaala no ka hana. At microchip kākau hana: ka mea, ua i ka manu, e hoʻohiolo i ka mea a ka mea e pono ai ke ala? A laila, kulana kupono a pau i ka hiki pāʻoihana, a ma ka liʻiliʻi loa he nui loa me ka hui pu ana o ia mau mea, a ua haawiia mai ka pane. Ma ka quantum kamepiula pilikia i nā mākau ' ole he mathematician, i nā kānāwai o ke kālaikūlohea hana kahi.

Pehea 'aʻole ia hana?

Ka walaʻauʻana kukulu ālai 'o ko mākou honua - ka quantum-mechanical. Inā 'oe e nānā i nā nā lātoma, i ke kumu no ka i ka mea i hana, a noho i ka pilina paʻa - ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o ka huina'ine orbitals. All quantum-ÿano hoʻomaulia i hookomoia ma kela a me keia o ia mau mea. Lākou helu ulu exponentially hoʻonui i ka helu o simulated electrons. No ka laʻana, 50 electrons e nei i loko o nā 50-degere koho. He phenomenally nui helu, no laila, ka mea hiki ole e huli i keia la. Manoukian 'ike pähola' ana i ke kālaikūlohea ke kuhikuhi i ke ala e hiki ai i ka hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia. 50 kubitovnomu kamepiula hiki ke hana ia.

Dawn o ke au hou

E like me ia Landon i lalo, pelekikena a me ke kākoʻo '-mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā a 1QBit, quantum unu lawelawe - ia mea hiki i ka aaioee mana o ka subatomic ao hana, ia meaʻano nui e loaa hou mea a me ka hana ana o ka hou lāʻau. Aia He He naeaeaa, mai ka noho 'o ka loaʻa i ke au hou o ka manao. No ka laʻana, quantum Me hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia ÷ ike catalysts i ae e extract kalapona a me ka naikokene mai o ka lewa, a pela kōkua ana ka hoʻomehana honua.

Ma ka mua o ka holomua

kaiāulu o nā haku polokalamu o keia 'enehana ka loa hauʻoli a me ka mumulu mai aayoaeuiinoe. Ka hui hanohano a puni ka honua ma ka hoʻomaka 'ana-ae la, hui, kulanui a me ke aupuni labs i ke kūkulu' ana i ka heihei kaʻa, a hoʻohana okoa hoʻokokoke mai i ka 'ikepili aaioee quantum. Created qubit superconducting qubits a? Inoaia ma luna o ka pio Ion, i komo noiʻi, mai ke Kulanui o Maryland, a me ka National Institute o Standards a me Technology. Microsoft e hoʻomōhala ana i topological kokoke loa i kahi i kapaia o Station Q, i ka manao o ka i mea e pili 'ole-Abelian anion kona ola ana i ole ua conclusively ai.

Makahiki paha Ua Hopu

A me keia mea wale nō ke hoʻomaka. I ka pau ana o Mei 2017 i ka helu o quantum-type nā unu lawelawe i uniquely hana i kekahi mea wikiwiki a maikaʻi ma mua o ka panina kamepiula, o 'Aʻohe. Kēia hanana, e hoonoho ai i ka "quantum superiority", akā, no laila, hiki ia i i hiki mai. Oiai ka mea hoʻoneʻe 'ia paha i kēia hiki ke hana i kakahiaka nui me keia makahiki. Ka hapanui o insiders mai la ia Google o ka maopopo punahele o ka pae, i alakaʻiʻia e Kumu o ke kālaikūlohea, Kulanui o Kaleponi ma Santa Barbara, John Martin. Kona manao - e hoʻokō oi Me me ke kōkua o 49-qubit unu lawelawe. Ma ka pau ana o May 2017 kime ana ho'āʻo i ka 22-qubit? Inoaia e like me ka palapala mua i ka'iako o panina supercomputer.

Pehea ka mea, a pau, hoomaka ae la?

I ka manaʻo o ka hoʻohana quantum mechanics no ka 'ikepili aaioee no ka makahiki. Kekahi o nā hanana ki ana i ka 1981, ka wā IBM a me mit me Kāʻeokūlani, hoʻonohonoho i ka hālāwai kūkā ma computational ke kālaikūlohea. Ke physicist kaulana Richard Feynman i manaoia e kūkulu i kekahi quantum kamepiula. E like me ia ia ia, no ka mea hōʻulu e lawe ka lanakila o na mea o ka quantum mechanics. A ka mea, 'o ka mea nui, no ka mea, aole ia i nana ai maʻalahi. Ma quantum unu lawelawe pae'ōnaehana rula ua nānā 'ana ma luna o ka helu ana i na waiwai o nā'ātoma - superposition a me ka hihia. Ke huna hiki ia i loko o nā Hawaii ma ka ia manawa. Naʻe, i ka wa ana ka mea pono i kekahi o ia e ia. A he mea hiki ole ke kilokilo ma i, koe nae, mai ke kuanaʻike o ka kumumanaʻo o ka pahiki. Kēia hope o ke kumu o ka manao hoʻokolohua Schrödinger ka popoki, i mea i loko o ka pahu ka poʻe make a me ka ola like loa me ke kilo mea,ʻaʻole i ka 'aneʻii kiei aku. ʻAʻohe mea hana ma ka maʻamau o ke ola i loko o keia ala. Eia naʻe, ma kahi o 1 miliona o nā hoʻokolohua 'ana i mālama mai i ka hoʻomaka o ka iwakalua kenekulia, e hōʻike i ka haku mele, aole ia nei. A me ka ia mua e kii mai pehea e hoʻohana i kēia manaʻo.

Quantum unu lawelawe: 'oihana hōʻikeʻano

Classic'āpana ke i ka waiwai 0 a 1, e mea hiki ke hoonui nui, huki nā kiʻi, a no laila, ma luna o. N. Qubit hiki no hoi e 0 ina ka mea, e hala ka laina ma "ke kūpili puka" (d. AND, OR, NOT, etc.), 1 ole elua. Inā, e olelo oukou, 2 qubit hihia, e hana ia pono correlated. kikokiko i quantum unu lawelawe hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia ke kūpili puka. T. N. Hadamard ipuka, no ka mea hoike, e ukuhi i ka qubit i loko o ka superposition moku'āina o ka hemolele. Inā superposition a me ka hihia hui ia me ke akamai nui hoʻonoho quantum puka, e hoʻomaka i ka Loaʻaʻia o ka iiaciiie-'ātoma hoʻomaulia e hiki mai ana. 2 E ae i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o ka qubit 4 Huiia: 00, 01, 10 a me ka 11. ka rula ana o ka quantum unu lawelawe ia i ka hooko ana i ke kūpili hanaʻo ia ka mea hiki ke hana ia me nā kūlana hana ma kekahi manawa. A me ka helu o ka loaʻa Hawaii, he 2 a hiki i ka mana o ka helu ana o qubits. No laila, inā 'oe e ka 50-qubit ao quantum kamepiula, ia mea theoretically hiki ke nana a pau 1.125 quadrillion pu malu ana ka poʻe.

Kudity

Quantum unu lawelawe i loko o Rusia ike i ka uuku okoa. Epekema mai MIPT a Lūkini quantum oaio i hana "kudity" ia ho mau "ʻike kamepiula" qubits me nā "ikehu" pae.

ikaika hawewe

kikokiko i quantum unu lawelawe i ka lanakila i quantum mechanics ua ma muli o ka amplitudes. Pahiki amplitudes i like, akā, i kekahi mea, e io, a me ka luna 'helu. No laila, ina e makemake, e hoʻomaulia i ka pahiki o ka hanana, e nui ana ke hooloihi i keia ano o ka ikaika hawewe o ko lākou ulu koho. Ka manaʻo o quantum Me mea e ho'āʻo i ka AUOO i ke 'ākeʻakeʻa kumu no laila, i kekahi o na aoao i hewa pane i ka maikaʻi ikaika hawewe, a me kekahi - i ka io, no laila, makemake ana lakou i kekahi i kekahi. A ala e alakai ana i ka pololei pane makemake i amplitudes a i ka pae i kekahi i kekahi. Ke liana nei ia oe pono e hoonohonoho a pau, me ka ike ana ma mua i ka pane mea pololei. A exponential quantum Hawaii ma ka hui pu ana me ka Loaʻaʻia o ke 'ākeʻakeʻa ma waena o ka maikaʻi a me ka hopena maikaʻi' amplitudes mea he lanakila o kēia 'ano o ka computation.

Shor ka algorithm

He nui nā hana i ke kamepiula mea hiki ke hoʻonā. E like me encryption. Ka pilikia o ia ia mea,ʻaʻole no ka oluolu, e imi i ke Kuhina Nui aʻe o ka huahelu-200 helu. Ina o ka kamepiula lawe e holo ana me ka maikai lako polokalamu, e hiki i ke kali no ka makahiki, e imi i ka pane. Nolaila, kekahi milestone ma quantum Me ua lilo i algorithm paʻiʻia ma ka 1994 ma Peter Shore, He manawa he Kumu o ka makemakika ma mit. Kona hana mea e loaʻa i nā kumumea o ka helu i ka nui ma ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka quantum kamepiula, a i ole nei nae. I mea, o ka algorithm hanaʻia ai ka hana, a hōʻike i ka wahi me ka pane pololei. ʻO kēia ka makahiki, Shore loaa kekahi ano o ka quantum hewa e hooponopono. A laila, he nui loa i ike ia ia mea - i kekahi koho iaoia o ka ho omaulia, a ma kekahi mau hihia hiki e hou ikaika. A laila, hahai aku la kekahi kēia o ka hoihoi mai physicists e ho okumu qubits a me ke kūpili'īpuka ma waena o lākou. A, ano, elua makahiki ma hope, manaʻo kanaka mea ma luna o ka verge o e pili ana i ka piha-fledged quantum kamepiula.