Reproductive hoʻokaʻawale: Definition, kumu. Ano o reproductive hoʻokaʻawale: examples

At panmiktichnyh meaola (nā kiʻie paʻi) kikokiko i - he lākou o ka meaola i like i loko o ka pau huahelu o nā kailaʻae i haawi wale hybridize hiki e lilo momona keiki kakou nana. I ka manaʻo o ka'īpale ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka pōʻaiapili o ka microevolution, a, e like me ka mea ua kapaia, - speciation. Reproductive hoʻokaʻawale hoʻomaka i ke kaʻina hana o ke kahua o ka hou? Ueo a me nā kūlanaʻelua ia. Akā,ʻaʻole i nāʻano a pau o keia kŰia, e alakai i ka muli o ka hou ano, like ole na'īpale hiki aku ai a hiki i ka hope dissociation reproductive populations.

Kaʻawale maomeka ma evolution

Kanaka i loko o ka? Ueo loaʻa nā pūʻulu - populations. He ka heluna kanaka e like me ka pa alima o ka microevolution malama i mea no ke kahua o ka hou? Ueony, okoa mai o ka hanau mua. Loko o laha 'ma waena o populations o aaiaoe mea ua panai aku i ka'ōlelo kaʻina. He aha ka mea i kapaia o ka reproductive hiki ana o ke kino. I ka, no ka mea kumu, ua wehe aʻe ma waena o populations loko o ka? Ueo Ua kaupalena 'ole loa hiki ole i ka olelo i ka reproductive hoʻokaʻawale. Ka wehewehena o keia evolutionaryʻano papa hana mea e hōʻoia i kanaka o kekahi mau populations hiki ole paka keiki kakou nana. I ka moolelo o ka muli o ka hou ano - i ka lei o keʻano o reproductive hoʻokaʻawale, ke kūapoʻana a overlapping, e ka papa o ka heluna kanaka irreversible.

Reproductive hoʻokaʻawale: Mea Maluna

Aia i kekahi mau manaÿo i loko o ka Mea Maluna o? Ueo populations kaʻawale. Mai Ke Kula Kaiapuni 'Oihana i ia e like me ke kumu o hiʻona haawi kekahi huikau ana keiki. E lawe mai i kekahi kumu e reproductive hoʻokaʻawale like me ka paʻa kapu panmixia (noa i kela kapa) - keia mea i ka hope ke kahua, ka speciation hope loa. Proponents o keia nānaina o ka hoʻokaʻawale o? Ueo-i, ua hoikeia mai i evolutionary biologists FG Dobzhansky (1900-1975 GG.) A o E. Mayr (1904-2005 GG.). Maomeka o reproductive hoʻokaʻawale ma keia wanaao, e e maheleia i ekolu pūʻulu.

• māhele kaawale (Leeuwerikplein);
• ? aneie'īpale ( 'ohana ka palekana maomeka);
• pono reproductiveʻano papa hana ec dokopulyatsioinnye (e hana zygotes) a me ka poslekopulyatsionnye (pairing i, akā, i ka hua mea fertilized paha ole, a me ka make, a me sterile hybrids) nā pilikia.

I ka wā i kekahiʻano papa hana loaʻa panmixia kaupalena: piha paha ka helehelena. Pokole, i loko o kēlā me kēia hui e noonoo ano o reproductive hoʻokaʻawale. e kōkua ano he kumu hoʻohālike ka hōʻikeʻana iā lākou, e maopopo i ka pā like ana o keia a me ua palapala.

Māhele hoʻokaʻawale o populations maomeka

hoʻokaʻawaleʻano papa hana pili i ka nā loli (hanana o nā pilikia i loko o ka palapala o ka pali a kahawai)'āina a ma ka maluhia iho la i loko o nā'āpana o ka palapala. I Ina o ka 'aʻe' ana o'ōewe pele ma waena o ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻia populations ia lŘlŘ reproductive hoʻokaʻawale. Ka pono ike laʻana o keia kŰia e lilo houʻano o? Ueo hiki ke noonoo mokupuni creepers Galapagos, i lilo kekahi o na examples no Darwin "kumu o ka laha 'ana o ia hoʻi, no Natural Anahonua." A i 'ole he laʻana o ka uliuli magpie, kekahi heluna kanaka e ola nei ma Kina, a me ka mea' ē aʻe - ma Sepania.

? Aneie hoʻokaʻawale maomeka

Nā kumu o ka reproductive hoʻokaʻawale o kēia 'ano e pili ana me ke koena unuhi i loko o populations o? Aneii kūlana o kekahi? Ueony ola symmetrically, i mea i loko o ka ia wahi. No ka laʻana,? Aneii a flowering kau mai i coincide. Ma ka California mokuna symmetrically loaʻa nō nāʻano o ka tidara laau: kekahi 'ano o ka pollen e lū ma February, a me kekahi - ma April. Naciiiuo? Aneeo hoʻokaʻawale ua lilo kā lākou'ōlelo. Eia kekahi laʻana reproductive hoʻokaʻawale, akā, e hang nei ma muli o ia i ka 'okoʻaʻohi ai i ka' ikepili i hōʻikeʻekoluʻano o Ant- sila i mai ai, mai kekahi phylogenetic kūpuna. Seal Veddelyaʻai wale nō ia, kai leopadi - penguins a me ka sila, a me Ross sila - cephalopods.

Dokopulyatsionnye ano o reproductive hoʻokaʻawale

Mechanical hoʻokaʻawale - me ka hopena o ka pairing, kena ae la ia e kaʻokoʻa 'ole o ka reproductive nā loko paha copulative. No ka laʻana, nāʻano o nā kumu i 'okoʻa pua shape a ua pollinated ma nā nalo meli. ʻO ia mau mea hoʻopili ma waena o orchids a me hummingbirds. Interspecies penei kekahi lele Drosophila hiki aku ai, e pilikia ana, a me ka make ana o ka hoalawepu.

Ethological hoʻokaʻawale - ole pairing no i ka oko ao ka moe hana (ma ka courtship, mele, hula, luminescence paha pheromones like). No ka laʻana, pili laha 'o fireflies ma ke ake wahine penei kekahi okoa huali, (me ka loli iki ana alapine (frequency) a me ka lōʻihi like' ole). No hoi, aole hiki ke olelo ia i loko o kēia pōʻaiapili, na? Ueo-i ho'ākāka 'songs from manu liilii a me na rana. A ma luna o ka penei kekahi rituals o nā manu i na mea a pau.

Gametic hoʻokaʻawale - ka nele o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o gametes a gamete make. Ke ola ana o keia ano o ka'īpale ua hoao experimentally. No ka laʻana, elua ano o ka moana urchins me ka mawaho fertilization kela aoao Amelika geneticists a me Denis Brachet. Hua manu Ua fertilized akā, make iho la i ka embryo ma na kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao kakahiaka nui o ka gastrulation.

Poslekopulyatsionnye ano o reproductive hoʻokaʻawale

Ua pili ia i ka ole-viability o ka fertilized hua a me ka make ana o ka embryo ma na kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao kakahiaka o ka ontogeny. A me ka make ana o unborn keiki (a kanaka paha), e holo nō ia, moe waiwai nui. Loa a kokoke i ka manaʻo o gametic hoʻokaʻawale.

Ke sterility o ka hapalua holoholona

Ka hapa nui o na holoholona ola interspecific hybrids i sterile, oa i hiki i ka paka keiki kakou nana. Ke koe paha e semisterile hybrids. Keʻano papa hana o keia kŰia loa eiiieaen, ma muli o ka'ōewe, chromosome a cytological kumu. Eia nā pono examples o interspecific hybrids, a i ike ai i nā mea a pau.

Hapalua o ka hoki, a me ka kona kua - hoki. He meaʻOi aʻe ma mua o ka hoki, a me ka uuku o ka lio, ma ka hou, aia no iloko olaila na holoholona uuku. Hybrids pili subspecies ilio a me na ilio hihiu hae (volkosob, poluvolk) ua ulu ka flair a me ke ahonui ma mua oʻike mau ilio. He nui aquarium iʻa - hapalua pepa (lei Aulonocara). Ka mea, he maikai, nui ma mua o ka makua pepa, akā, i ka wa e kuai, e hoakaka i ke kumu o ka iʻa, ai ole oe e e kali keiki kakou nana. Ka mea ike i ka anoano o ka mahi kanu (nā komako, kaʻukama), ia me ka F-1, - he hapalua palapala. Na hua o kēia mau mea kanu i koe no ka hua.