Romanticism like me ka palapala, ai 'neʻeʻana. Romanticism i loko o ka moʻokalaleo o ka 19th kenekulia

Kēia kahe o kekahi o ka nui noʻeau hanana ma ka moʻomeheu o ka XIX kenekulia i loko o Rusia,ʻEulopa a me Amerika. Romanticism like me ka palapala, ai 'ana i hānau i loko o ka hopena o XVIII kenekulia, akā, hiki i kona nui ka pomaikai ma ka 1830s. Mai ke kakahiaka nui 1850s, i ka wā hoʻomaka e hele i loko o hoole mai oia, akā, ua huki kona pae ma ka pau XIX kenekulia, e haawi ana i ke kumu i loko o nā wahi likeʻole e like me symbolism, decadence a me Neo-romanticism.

Ka muli o ka romanticism

Noʻonoʻo i ka aina hanau o ka olelo o 'Eulopa, pakahi aku la ia Pelekane a me Palani, nolaila i ka inoa o ka mea noʻeau kuhikuhi - «romantisme». Ke kumu o ia ka romanticism o ka 19th kenekulia i waho me kaʻilihune o ka PalaniʻOiʻenehana.

NaʻOiʻenehana luku aku i ka luna kiʻekiʻe holoʻokoʻa ola mua, ka pioloke ke kaiāulu kanaka, a me ka nohona strata. hoomaka ae la ke kanaka e haha mehameha, a hoomaka ae la e imi solace i loko o nā polokalamu a me nā lealea. E kū'ē i kēia kāʻei kua, a me ka manaʻo i nā mea a pau o ke ola ana o ka holoholona hihiu ma i loaʻa nā Winners a me ka hope. i kekahi kanaka e pāʻani me ka hoʻopaʻi, me ka naue like ka papa kuhikuhiE meʻe o ka pilialoha hana o kela a me keia lilo ana.

He aha ka Romanticism

Romanticism - ka mea, ka mea e koe wale ma ka puke: malihini, he mea hiki ole a me ka fantasticʻike manaʻo, i ka mea ia manawa pili me ka assertion o ke kanaka ma kona uhane, a makakū ola. ʻano nui ka hanana wehewehe ana e ku ei ka backdrop o ka olelo kuko, a pau na huapalapala i hoike pono ia e na huapalapala, ka mea, ua pinepine kuʻu mai me ka uhane kipi.

Nā kākau o ka Romantic au hou i kākauʻana ma luna o ka mea i ka papa kuhikuhiE cia i loko o ke ola - he kanaka ka ano pono'ī. Kela a me keia kanaka - he kaawale honua piha o kamahaʻo nani. Ka mea, ua mai ia wahi a pau i unuhiia hoʻoulu manaʻo, a kiekie olelo la, a he mea i ka welelau o ka idealize.

E like me ka novelists, i ka maikaʻi - i ka manaʻo o ka ephemeral, akā, nae ua he pono e nei. I ka maikaʻi ma kēlāʻaoʻao o ka mea a pau maʻamau, no laila i ka papa kuhikuhiE ano a me kona mau manaʻo i pololei kue i ka maʻamau o kona piko a me ka mea mau mea.

kiʻiona hiʻona

Hiʻona o Romanticism like me ka palapala, ai 'ana , ua like walaʻauʻana i ka manaʻo nui a me kāna hana e lawelawe.

Ke kiʻi i ka manaʻo o kaʻaneʻane kela huahana - a eia i neʻe meʻe ma physical makahiki. Keia mea e like me ka mea Hōʻike 'i ka hilahila o ka uhane, e noke he manaʻo, a ma ka mea ia manawa - na hou i loko o ka honua a puni ia.

Like nui noʻeau neʻe, Romanticism i kona mau kāna hana e lawelawe. Eia, ka mea a pau manaʻo ua muli ma luna o ka luna 'pilina o ka protagonist me ke waho honua. He mea nui ka hoʻoponopono-e pili ana, a ma ka mea ia manawa e kipi ana i ka mea hewa,ʻena, lako mea o ka ike maopopo i somehow hoikea mai oia, i loko o kona mau hana, he mau manao a me ka manaʻo o keʻano. Loa haʻi i kēia mau mea o nā kēia examples o ka palapala, ai 'romanticism: Childe Harold - i ka papa kuhikuhi ano o "Childe Harold ka noho malihini ai" Byron, a Pechorin - mai ka "Hero o Our Time" Lermontov.

Inā mākou e hōʻuluʻulu i ka luna, e huli mai i ke kumu o kekahi like huahana - ka nahā i waena aku o ka lanakila a me ka idealized honua i loaʻa loa pahi lua penei.

Romanticism ma Europa moʻokalaleo

Europa romanticism o ka 19th kenekulia mea kupaianaha nō i loko o ia i loko o kona hapanui o kana mau hana i ke fantastic kahua. Mau mea lehulehu Fabulous kaao, pōkole nā moʻolelo a me nā novels.

O ka papa kuhikuhi'āina i loko i ka romanticism like me ka palapala, ai 'ana i ka hapanui impressively, i Farani, Pelekane a me Hawaii.

He noʻeau kŰia loaʻa paha kekahi mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao.

1. 1801-1815 makahiki. Omaka kūkulu i ka pilialoha aesthetics.
2. 1815-1830 makahiki. Ka muli a pomaikai no o ka papa, i ka wehewehena o ka walaʻauʻana postulates o keia olelo.
3. 1830-1848 makahiki. Romanticism ua aahuia i loko o ka oi nohona palapala.

Kēlā me kēia no kēia mau'āina i i kona iho, i na mea na makana no ke kūpono 'ana o ka mea i olelo moʻomeheu kŰia. Ma Palani, ka pilialoha ka palapala, ai hana i ka 'ia nā pōpō pili aupuni, kākau moʻolelo, heʻenemi no ka hou bourgeoisie. Kēia hui, e like me Farani huahelu, i hōkaiʻia i ka pono o ke kanaka, i ka nani a me ka noho kauwa ole ana o ka uhane.

Ma ka moolelo hoi English Romanticism ola no loa i kekahi manawa, akā, a hiki i ka hopena o ka XVIII kenekulia i i ku me he okoa ka palapala, ai neʻeʻana mai. English hana, ma ka Akä naÿe i ka Farani, piha ka Kokika, ka hoʻomana, na loina, moʻomeheu, kua'āina a me ahahui hana '(me ka uhane hoohalike). Eia hou, piha loa lakou i English Ana Aina, a me ka Lyrics me ka hele ana i ka mamao aina a me nā haʻawina o nā'āina'ē.

Ma Kelemānia Romanticism like me ka palapala, ai 'ana i' ole ma ka idealist kālaiʻike. Waihona ipu he kila individuality a me ka noho kauwa ole ana kanaka hoʻokaumaha feudalism a me ka pokole o ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa me ke kahua ola. Ua aneane na German hana a ua permeated me ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo ma luna o kanaka ola ana a me ke ola o kona uhane.

Europe: examples o na hana

Mawaena o ka loa kekahi 'hana o Europa, ka palapala, ai hana i ka hahaiʻana i manaoia e ia i loko o ka uhane o Romanticism:

- ka hoonoho "ano akamai o Kristiano", ka moʻolelo "Atala" a me ka "Rene" Chateaubriand;

- novels "Dolphin", "Corinna, a Italy," Germaine de Ka Stael;

- puke "Adolf" Beniamina ikaika;

- ka puke "Confessions o ke keiki o ka Luna" Musset;

- puke "Cinq-Mars," Vigny;

- manifesto "kakaʻina" i ka huina hoonui, "Cromwell", ka puke "Notre Dame de Ka Paris" Hugo;

- hana keaka "Henry III, a me kona aloaliʻi", he moʻo o novels e pili ana i ka Musketeers, "ke Kauna o Monte Cristo" a me ka "Koroleva Margo" Dumas;

- novels "Indiana", "Wayfarer", "Horace", "Consuelo" Zhorzh Sand;

- manifesto "Racine a me Shakespeare" Stendhal;

- ka poem "Old luina Kelemania e" a "Kristabel" Coleridge;

- "Hawaiian poem" a me ka "Manfred" Byron;

- i ka ohi ana o na hana o Balzac;

- puke "'Ivanahō" Valtera Skotta;

- moʻolelo "he huakineto, a me ka Rose" puke "Heinrich av Ofterdingen" Novalis;

- hoiliili ole o pōkole moʻolelo, poʻe hoʻokalakupua kaʻao a me nā moʻolelo o Hoffmann.

Romanticism ma Lūkini moʻokalaleo

Russian romanticism o ka 19th kenekulia originated ma lalo o ka pololei ole o Western moʻokalaleo. Naʻe, manaʻo huhū keia, ka mea, i kona mau ano, a mālama i Track o mua manawa.

He noʻeau kŰia ma Rusia loa Hōʻike 'ka holomua poe hana a me ka revolutionaries ole nae i ke aliʻi bourgeoisie, i ka nui, i kona ala ana i ke ola - unbridled, moekolohe a me kaʻino. Russian romanticism o ka 19th kenekulia i ka pololei no o ke kipi naʻau i loko, a anticipation o keʻano nui milestones i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ke aupuni.

kahiāuli mau mea kū i loko o ka moʻokalaleo o ka manawa: no ka manaʻoʻike a me ka kivila. Ka mua i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o ka hōʻike a me ka Ikepili o ka naʻau a me nā Emotions; i ka lua o ka - ma ka paipai' ana i ke kaua e kū'ē i ke kālā no ka lehulehu. Nui, a me nā kiʻi i ka manaʻo o nā mea a pau i ka novelists mea i ka haku mele a me ka mea kākau i ke hele e like me ka poe ideals i kona hōʻike i loko o kana mau hana.

Rusia: 'O kekahi hana

Ka loa ma ko examples o Romanticism ma Lūkini moʻokalaleo o ka XIX kenekulia - nei:

- moʻolelo "Ondine", "ka mea i paa o Chillon", ke Mele "Alii o ka Forest", "lawaia," Zhukovsky "Lenora";

- hana o "Eugene Onegin," "Queen o lehu," ma Pushkin;

- "Ka Night Before Christmas" ma Gogol;

- "A Hero no Our Time" Lermontov.

Romanticism i loko o 'Amelika moʻokalaleo

Ma Amerika, i ke au ua iki ma hope kūpono 'ana: no ka loiloi mua ke kahua ia nā lā hoʻi i nā makahiki 1820-1830, i ka pane - 1840-1860 makahiki o ka XIX kenekulia. Ma nā kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao i ka mikanele 'ole ma ka kivila unrest ma Farani (i haawi ala i ka hanaia'na o ka US), no laila, pono, a ma Amerika (i ke kaua no ka kuokoa mai Pelekāne a me ke kaua ma waena o Kona Akau a me Hema).

Noʻeau kuhikuhi ana i loko o 'Amelika Romanticism poe e mau laha': ka abolitionist, koiʻo no ka liberation, mai hoʻoluhi, a me ka hikina, idealized Plantation.

'Amelika moʻokalaleo o kēia wā ua ma muli o kaʻike a me ka redefining Huli i pio mai Europa, a hui me ka palapala ala a me ka wikiwiki o ke ola ma ka malie hou, a ike mau ia me ka pelapela. 'Amelika hana o koloka flavored lahui intonation, he ano o ke Kuokoa, a me ka paio no ke ku okoa.

'Amelika romanticism. examples o nā huahana

- he moʻo o "Alhambra" moʻolelo "uhane wahine", "kaka aku van Winkle" a me "Ka Legend o Pule Hoola Hollow," Hawaii Irving;

- ka puke "Ka hope o ka Mohicans" ma James Fenimore Cooper;

- poem "Ka koraka", nā moʻolelo "Ligeia", "Golden uhini lele", "ke Kau Hāʻule Lau o ka Hale o ke kahupuaa" a me ka 'ē aʻe E. Allan Poe;

- puke "Kaʻulaʻula ka huapalapala mua" a me "ka Hale o kaʻEhiku nū'ōlelo" Gorton;

- puke "Typee" a me ka "Moby Dick" Melville;

- ka puke "Uncle Tom ka kāpena," Harriet Beecher Stowe;

- he poetic kaʻao o "Evangeline", "Na Song o Hiawatha", "Courtship o Miles Standish," Longfellow;

- i ka ohi ana o "ka lau o ka mauu," Whitman;

- (essay) "Woman ma ka umikumamaiwa Luna" ma Margaret holoi lole.

ua Romanticism like me ka palapala, ai 'ana i ka ikaika ma luna o ka mele, keaka a me ka pena - Ua lawa e hoole i ka hana nui a me nā kiʻi o ia mau manawa. Ua hikiʻano nui ma muli o ke ano i na wahi like kiʻekiʻe aesthetics a me loka, pathos a me ka heroism, kaua'ē aʻe a me idealization o ka manaʻo kanaka. I loko nō o ka mea i ka makahiki o Romanticism ua 'ano pōkole-ola, ka mea, aole ia e pili i ka hiʻona o nā puke i kākau i loko o ka XIX kenekulia, ma ka hopeʻumi makahiki - i ka palapala, ai' hana o no o ka wā i aloha ai, a ua mahaloia e ka lehulehu a hiki i kēia lā.