Semipalatinsk nukelea ninau hoopoipoi paena: mōʻaukala, ho'āʻo mea hoʻomaoe

Semipalatinsk nukelea ho'āʻo paena o kekahi o ka darkest mokuna ma ka mōʻaukala o confrontation ma waena o nā superpowers elua - ka USSR, a me ka Hawaii. Ua Ua manaoio aku i ka hoʻokumuʻiaʻana o ia ke kiʻekiʻe-mana a me ka make. Mea kaua no ka Soviet Union i ia pilikia manawa i desperately pono. Akā, me ka hou aku e kokoke mai nukelea kānakaʻepekema i kona loaʻa, i ka ninau i oi koiʻana iā ia i kahi e 'ike i kēia mea hou ulu. A me ke kākoʻo pāʻoihana a hiki i keia pilikia i loaʻa.

Mōʻaukala o ka hanaia'na

Ua pono e olelo aku i ka mea nukelea hoao ana paena ua hapa o ka papahana, e kūkulu i ka'ātoma pōkā pahū. Ka mea, ua Nolaila, e pono e loaʻa i ke kupono ele ele, e ho'āʻo mai mea kaua hou. Ua hoʻomaka nā steppes o aneea oneiaey, a huli ae la i loko o ka Semipalatinsk nukelea hoao paena. Where o kēia wahi, i ko makou manawa, mau ike. More ua hōʻike hewa, ua hehi ma ke kapa akau o ka Irtysh River, e 130 ei mai Semipalatinsk.

Ma hope, ua lilo i akaka ia mea i ka 'äina o ka wahi o ka mea maikaʻi hoʻomākaukau no ka lola honua Naita me ia i loko o nā lua a me tunnels. ʻO wale drawback ua i ka mea i ka Pākē Consulate i ke aupuni ', akā, koke ia i paa i loko o Semipalatinsk.

August 21, 1947 puka i kauoha aku ana i ka hoʻomaka 'ana mua ieoaeunoaa o ka gulag ua manawa hoololiia i ka Pale Kaua Kuhina ma lalo o ka inoa "ke aʻo lepo, helu 2 MBC USSR (ma ka / h 52605)." Ua kohoia kona aʻa Makehewa Lutanela-General P. Rozhanovicha a me ka 'epekema luna - M. A. Sadovskogo, ka mea ma hope lilo i academician.

hoʻokolohua

No ka mea manawa mua he nukelea mea i loko o ka USSR i ua hoao ma August 1949. I ka mana o ka hopeʻia laila exploded ua 22 kilotons. It E e kaulana i ka hoomakaukau ana no ka mea, loa. Kēia ua pono i ka mea e loaa ai i ka i kā mākou nui o ka 'ike i ka hopena a me ka hopena o ka palapala noi o kēia hou kaua.

Semipalatinsk nukelea iieeaii mālama 'ia i loko o ka nui ele o ka 18 tausani, 500 sq. ei. Mai kēia mana paena me ka anawaena o ma kahi o 10 km, a ua māheleʻia i loko o nāʻoihana ia i ua anao? Aou. Ma keia wahi, ua kukulu iho la i ka hōʻulu o ka noho hale a me na wahi paa, a ua hoonoho iho sīwila a me koa kaa. Eia hou kekahi, mau nāʻoihana, he holoholona oi ma mua o kekahi, a me ka hapalua tausani, a waiho iho la a puni ke anapuni o ke ana kiʻi, a cinematographic lako a pan.

I ka mea, ua i hoʻopaʻa 'ho'āʻo lā, a ma ke kiekie o 37 m + ka mea, ua ma luna o Augate 29, ma ka waena konu o ka wahi i puhi kauoha RDS-1. Up i ke kiekie nui i ala Fish ao. Pela i hoomaka ae la ko lakou poe make hana o ka Semipalatinsk nukelea hoao paena. Memoirs hōʻike a me ka ano o civilians ka poe i lilo ae hoʻopaʻa ana i ka au, a nānā i kēia hōʻike, kokoke i ka ia: i ka pōkā pahū - o nā manaʻo nui a me ka weliweli hoikeia.

Naita me ia 'ikepili helu

Penei, ka Semipalatinsk nukelea ho'āʻo paena, ka mōʻaukala o ka a poeleele, a sinister, lilo ona no ka poʻe e noho kokoke. Ua hoʻohana mai 1949 a hiki i 1989. Iloko o keia manawa, i lawe mai oi ma mua o 450 ho'āʻo ma, ma i puhi i puni 600, nā nukelea a me ka thermonuclear na manao ona. O kēia mau mea, ma kahi o 30 Ua wāwahi ihola, a ma ka liʻiliʻi 85 mokulele. Eia hou, Ua alakaʻi'ē aʻe e ho'āʻo ai, a komo pū hydrodynamic a me ka hydronuclear ho okolohua.

Ua ua ike ia ka huina 'auhau' āhewa 'ana, Nākulukulu nō ma luna o Semipalatinsk nukelea ho'āʻo paena mai ka 1949 a hiki i 1963, 2.2 tausani. Timesʻoi aku ma mua o ka ikaika o ka'ātoma pōkā pahū, e? Inoaia ma ka US i ka makahiki 1945 ma ka Hiroshima.

waiwai

Ke landfill, Aia i loko o ka Kazakh steppes, ua kūikawā. He ua ike ole wale no kona nui ?? eoi? A puhi ma luna o laila i ka loa holomua lethal nukelea warheads, akā, i ka mea i kona aina i mau ka kūloko heluna. Kēia i ole anywhere'ē aʻe i loko o ke ao nei. Aie i ka mea i ka mea mua mau nukelea 'āhewa' ana, he mau imperfect, o ka 64 kilograms hoʻohana uranium kaula naoh loli wale ma kahi o 700 g., A me ke koena i hoohuliia i ka ai-kapaia radioactive lepo, a kikiʻo ma ka honua ma hope o ka Naita.

No ka mea, weliweli ka hopena o ka Semipalatinsk nukelea hoao paena. Lawelawe 'ia e ho'āʻo ai ma luna o ka mea maopopo lewa ma luna o ka na kamaaina. E lawe, no ka mea hoike, o ka Naita me ia, i mai ai ma ka hopena o November 1953. Ua ua he thermonuclear kauoha RDS-i hiki ke 37. He Ua kiola mai ka pelane, a oia detonated hanohano ma ka kiʻekiʻena o 1550 mika. E like me ka hopena he Fish ao, a i ke anawaena o 30 ei, a he kiekie o 13-14 ei. He hiki ke ike i ka 59 localities. Loko o ke kahahńnai o ka elua haneri kilomika, mai ka epicenter o ka Naita me ia i nā puka makani a pau i loko o ka hale, ua uhaʻiʻia. I kekahi kauhale pepehi i ke kaikamahine, 36 ei e hina no ka palaoa, hoʻokahi koa i pepehi, a oi aku mamua o 500 poe noho i poino. Ma ka mana o ka Naita hiki e hookolokoloia mai ai au mai ka mea i loko o ka Semipalatinsk, Aia 130 ei mai ka paena, i loko o 3 poe i kakauia i ka concussion.

Mākou hiki wale koho mea hiki i hou nukelea e ho'āʻo ai, ina e like ma luna o lākou papa i loko o ka wai, makani a me ka wa, i kakauinoaia e ka nui mana i loko o kēia wahi i ka makahiki 1963.

Nā mahinaʻai o ka palapala noi

Iloko o na makahiki o nukelea ikea ai i loaa i ka puu o ka waiwai 'ike. Ka hapa nui o na aeaiiua, a hiki i kēia lā ua hoailono aku la "hoʻolaha." Mau ike i ka Semipalatinsk nukelea hoao ana paena i hoʻohana 'ia no ka mea e ho'āʻo ai,ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o ka pūʻali koa, akā, no hoi no ka hanalima hana. Aia i kekahi palapala i olelo ia ka Soviet Union hua mai la i oi aku mamua o 120 Naita me ia,ʻaʻole ma luna o nā luna hoʻolale kai panalāʻau.

Nuke Ua hoʻohana 'ia no ka ho okumu lola honua cavities koi' ia i loko o ka aila a me ka kinoea hana, e like me ka mea a piʻi aʻela ka hopena e hoomaka ana i ka holo mai o nā mahinaʻai me nā minelala hao. Oddly lawa, akā, i ka Semipalatinsk nukelea ho'āʻo paena i ka springboard no ka hoʻomāhuahua o ka nui hana i loko o ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka Naita me ia no ka hui maluhia 'ana hana.

panina

1989 i ka makahiki o ka cessation o nukelea ikea ai. Penei nō 42 makahiki ma hope o ka Naita o ka pōkā pahū mua - 29 August 1991 - He kūikawā kauoha i kakauinoaia e Kazakh Pelekikena Nursultan Nazarbayev nona ma ka panina o ka Semipalatinsk nukelea hoao paena. Ma hope o 3 makahiki, ua laweʻia mai i ka arsenal holoʻokoʻa o ia mau mea kaua, mai ka aina mai o ia State.

A hiki ma hope o 2 makahiki a pau oihana koa mai, mai laila aku, akā, i koe ma hope o lākouʻino, scars ma ka honua i loko o ka palapala o craters, tunnels a me na tausani o kilomika o ka lepo o kaʻapu kōheoheo me radioactive (particles).

Kurchatov

Ua i 24 makahiki ma hope o ka mea i paa i ka Semipalatinsk hoao paena. Akā, Kurchatov - ka ai-kapaʻia, hoʻokahi nō ka paʻa kūlanakauhale - nō ke nânâ i halawai hiʻona i waena o nā kānaka'ē. Kēia mea,ʻaʻole kahaha ko oukou naau, mai na moe, e ike i ke ano o ka mana i nalowale superpower kapaia ka Soviet Union. Nā iauaeoia oo? Ecia e hele mai iʻaneʻi, i kekahi ala hele: Kurchatov - i kekahi mana ke kahua - he hana Lake, a ua haawi ia ia e like me'ātoma.

Mua, he hou kulanakauhale i kapaia o Moscow-he 400. Hoahanau e hana ana i hiki hou mai la akamai i loko o ke poʻo, a malaila e kali ana no ko lakou aloha uuku. Ka mea, i ole i maopopo ia mea, i kēia manawa e noho ana ma luna o 3 tausani. Km o Moscow. No laila, i ka makahiki 1960 i ke kūlanakauhale i Kapa hou i loko o Semipalatinsk-21, a ma hope ma Kurchatov. Ua hāʻawi ke hope inoa i loko o ka hanohano o ka luawai-ike nā mea haku polokalamu o nukelea polokalamu o ka USSR Igor Kurchatov, e noho ana a me ka hana 'aneʻi.

Kēia kūlanakauhale i kūkuluʻia mai kūikawā aneane 2 makahiki. Iloko o ka hana o ka hale ia i noʻonoʻo i nā luna a me nā kānakaʻepekema a me ko lākou mauʻohana, e e nohoʻaneʻi. No ia mea, i lako ma na lani kiekie loa waeʻano Kurchatov. Hoahanau i hele mai, e kipa i ko lakou mea aloha, manaoio aku la ia i ka mea e noho kokoke ana ma ka lani. Oiai ma Moscow, he kanaka e ku no ka hola ma ka laina no ka ai me ka coupons i loko o ka lima, ma Kurchatov shelves ma ka hale kūʻai pono hikiʻana mai me ka hana nui o ka waiwai.

'ātoma Lake

Uaʻikeʻia ma ka hopena o ka Naita me ia hua mai ia ma ka waena o Ianuari, 1965 ma ka confluence o elua nā muliwai ma ka aina - a Ashchisu anu u. Mana'ātoma kauoha ua 140 kilotons. Ma hope o ka Naita me ia, ua he lua me ke anawaena o ka 400 m + a me ka hohonu o ka luna o 100 m. Radionuclide mea hoʻohaumia o ka aina a puni o ka moana wai ua ma kahi o 3-4 ei. Eia ka ka nukelea hoʻoilina o ka Semipalatinsk hoao paena.

landfill luahi

A makahiki ma hope, ma hope o ka mua i hua mai ma ka nukelea Naita me ia, ua mahuahua ka keiki make ana ma ka aneane 5 manawa, a me ke ola kīkoʻo o ka makua heluna i ua hoʻemi ma 3-4 makahiki. Ma mahope makahiki, i ka ulu ana o congenital malformations i loko o ka'āina o ka heluna kanaka wale nō, a mahuahua nui, a ma hope o 12 makahiki i hiki aku ai i ka mooolelo 21,2% i loko o ka 1 tausani. Keiki. A pau o ia mau mea - ka luahi o ka Semipalatinsk nukelea hoao paena.

Ma hoʻopōʻino mau mea, i kēia paena radioactivity i ka 2009, he 15-20 Mr. no hora. I loko nō o kēia, ma laila nō e ola kanaka. A hiki i 2006, i ka wahi ua ole wale hoomaluia, akā, ua i ua kaha palapala. Ke kūloko heluna o ka wahi i hoʻohana like me ka hānai i nā holoholona.

Nei, i ka Peresidena o aneea oneiaey i ho'ākāka 'ia i ka kūikawā kūlana o na kanaka e noho ana, mai 1949 a hiki i 1990 e hiki mai ana i ke kiʻi, a ua kapaia "ka Semipalatinsk nukelea ho'āʻo lepo." Ia e pōmaikaʻi ai no ka heluna kanaka i haawi ma muli o ka mamao o ko lākou wahi i noho ai, mai ka mana wahi. Ka ua hoʻohaumiaʻia wahi ua maheleia i loko o 5 cii. Ke kaumaha ma muli o kēia mau hōʻailona i ko hookahi kālā ka uku, e like me uku pakuʻi ai. Ua Ua hoi ae nei, a no ka loaa hou lā i ka makahiki mai. I ka hanana i kekahi kanaka i hele mai i loko o kekahi o nā cii ma hope o ka makahiki 1991, o ka pomaikai mai i pili ia ia.