Unicellular līoho: mall hiʻona. Me ka Poeikohoia o unicellular ka līoho

Ka papa anuʻu loa kai honua i mau o Laielohelohe i ke kanaka o kona brilliance, launaʻole nani, 'ano a me ka unexplored mea pohihihi. Kupaianaha Animals, nani loa mea kanu o kekahi mau nui like 'ole - a pau o kēia mau hana meaola mai i haʻalele i kekahi indifferent. Ma waho aʻeo i ka hiki maka o ka nui laha 'o flora, ma laila nō i moku, foreseeable ma lalo o ka microscope wale, akā, ua' aʻole e lilo aku kona nui a me ka manaʻo nui i loko o ka huina biomass o ka moana. Kēia hookahi-aa? Līoho. Inā e lawe i ka huina? Iecaianoaaiiie o ke aloha mea ua loaʻaʻole ka mea kanu i ka paka loa no ka mea, o ka mea, i kēia mau moku a me ka kamahaʻo mea.

Ka līoho: kekahi mau ano

I mau, ka līoho - he Subkingdom Lower mea kanu. Ka mea, e pili ana i ka pae ma nā kumu i kā lākou mau kino, ua ole differentiated nā loko, a poe i ana (i kekahi manawa dissected) thallus paha thallus. Aka, ka mea, i ka mole'ōnaehana io no IeIIeYOA i ka kūpapakū i loko o ka palapala rhizoids.

Kēia pūʻulu o meaola ka loa lehulehu, ka nohona i ka palapala a me ka 'ole, ala o ke ola a me ka habitats. Aia nō i ke kēia mau pauku o keia ohana.

• ulaula;
• mea eleele;
• uliuli;
• gula;
• diatoms;
• cryptophytae;
• yellow-uliuli a pau;
• euglenophytes;
• dinoflagellate.

Kēlā me kēia no kēia mau oihana i ka haku o ka hookahi-aa? Līoho a me nā 'elele mai multicellular thallus. i ka hahai ano o ka meaola i loaʻa:

• koloniala;
• filamentous;
• Ke alalai ole ia mai;
• pili a me na mea e ae.

oe e imi i na hoailona no ka Mea Maluna na mea he nui. Kekahi o ka mea nui determinants ma ka mea hiki hua'ōlelo - he ala e ka hoʻokemu ikehu. Ka Poeikohoia uliuli unicellular līoho mea a pau autotrophs, loa multicellular meaola o ka ia ka papa, a lawe mai kāʻamaʻai. Eia naʻe, loaʻa nō heterotrophic, mixotrophic a hiki parasitic 'ano apau loa.

Mākou e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina ma hou au mamuli o ka 'ole,' eleu a me nā'ōlelo o ka Poeikohoia i? A? Meaola e pili ana i kekahi ka līoho papa. Loiloi i kā lākou kūlana ma ke 'ano a me ka kanaka ola.

Mall hiʻona o ka unicellular ka līoho

He aha nō ka mea i ho'ākāka 'hiʻona e ae i kēia mau moku meaola nei? Mua, a hiki i ka poe nona wale kekahi aeea, akā, e hanaʻia nā mea a pau i ka nui mana o ka mea a pau meaola:

• ulu ana;
• ulu ana;
• no kou kino;
• hanu;
• nā'ōlelo;
• ka noi;
• e auaaeaiea.

Nō hoʻi, i kēia mau hookahi-aa? Meaola hoʻomaopop 'ana i ka hiʻona o ka irritability.

Ma kona maloko 'ole nā hiʻona hookahi-aa? Līoho, ke haohao i ka noiʻi āpau i komo i ole. Ka like 'ole a me ka organelles, a ma keena i oi i aloha ulu meaola. Ke aeea pōkā pū i ka hiki i ka hoʻokemuʻana i ka puni ona, penei, i ke kino i ke submerged. Kēia e leie aku ka līoho e noho ma nā kaiāulu,ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o nā kai, ka moana, a me ka wai kino, akā, no hoi ma ka aina.

me ka aaiaoe mea o ka nucleus mea a pau lala, koe wale no ka mea uliuli-uliuli līoho, i mea prokaryotic meaola. I hookomoia ma ka maʻamau aeea organelles i koi 'ia:

• mitochondria;
• cytoplasm;
• endoplasmic reticulum;
• Golgi i hoʻomākaukauʻia;
• lysosomes;
• ribosomes;
• aeea kikowaena.

Ka makamake nui o ke alo o ka plastid i loaʻa i ua pigment (chlorophyll, xanthophyll, phycoerythrin, a pela aku). I hoihoi 'o ka mea e hookahi-aa? Līoho ke holo i ke alalai ole i loko o ka wai kolamu ma ka mea o kekahi a oi flagella. Naʻe, i nā mea a pau ano. Aia ka mea, i pili i ka kūpapakū shape.

Hoi o ka makana a me ka kaianoho koholā

Aie i ka mea liilii, ka nui a me kekahi mall hiʻona, ua hiki e hohola a puni i ka poepoe honua hookahi-aa? Līoho. Ka mea, noho:

• wai;
• i ka moana a me ka moana;
• piholo maila;
• ka ili o ka pohaku, laau, pohaku;
• Polar papu uhiia me ka hau a me ka hau;
• aquariums.

Where ka mea, pono hiki ole ke loaʻa! Penei, nostokovye unicellular līoho, examples o ka uliuli-omaomao a me ka cyanobacteria - noho permafrost Antarctica. Aie i ka haku mele 'ana o kekahi pigments, e mana ai hoʻonaniʻia i kēia mau meaola me ka snowy panorama. Ua kohu ka hau i loko o nā waihoʻoluʻu a pink, he poni, omaomao, he poni a me ka uliuli, a, o ka papa, nana loaʻoluʻolu.

Green unicellular līoho, examples o ka a i ka hopena ma ia: chlorella trentepohlia, chlorococcum, pleurococcus - noho ma luna o ka ili o ka laau, e uhi i ko lakou ili uliuli ka penaʻana. Ka mea, e ke kūʻai i ka iaʻano hoʻokahi o ka ili o ka pohaku, o ka luna, ahu iho o ka wai, aina, pali a me na wahi e ae. Ka mea, e pili ana i ka pae o ka aina Honolulu līoho paha.

I mau, 'elele o ka unicellular līoho mea a pau a puni mākou, e hai ia mea hiki i ka microscope wale. Ma ka wai, i ka lewa, ma luna o ka ili o, ka honua, mea kanu a me nā holoholona e noho i loko o ka ulaula, omaomao a me ka gula līoho, a me ka cyanobacteria.

Nā'ōlelo a me ka I Aloha Hawaii

About i ke ala o ke ola ana o ka limu e olelo aku i loko o kēlā me kēia hihia. Kekahi kanaka makemake i ka lana o ka 'elele i loko o ka wai, ho okumu i phytobenthos. Other ano o na holoholona waiho i loko o ke kino, ka hana 'ana me ia i loko o ka symbiotic pili. Nō 'ē aʻe wale pili ana i ka kūpapakū a me ka palapala panalāʻau a me filaments.

Akā, i ka multiplication o unicellular līoho - he kaʻina hana like i loko o nā 'elele. He He maʻamau vegetative mahele elua, mitosis. Ke moe kaʻina ka loa pohihihi a wale ma lalo o adverse olelo o ke ola.

ua hoemi ia ka aʻe ke kahua Asexual nā'ōlelo.

1. E hoomakaukau ai. Ka halepaahao ulu a me ka hoʻomōhala ai, accumulates ka mahuaola.
2. Hoemi organelle ana (flagella).
3. Ka DNA replication kaʻina hoʻomaka a i ka wā hoʻokahi ho okumu ana o ka transverse constriction.
4. Centromere aaiaoe mea ua'ōʻia i kekahi mau auamo.
5. Nenelu loa pani, a me ka halepaahao i hookaawale ai i elua.
6. Cytokinesis ia lŘlŘ ka poʻe me nā mea a pau kēia mau keʻano o ka hanaʻana.

I ka hopena - he hou kaikamahine keena'ālike i ka makua. Hoopau ke kūkulu i ka nalowale māhele o ke kino, a hoʻomaka i kuokoa ola, ulu a me ka ulu ana. Penei, unicellular specimens ola kalapona hoʻomaka a me ka welau a me ka mahele ana i ia pono.

Mall hiʻona o ka launahele unicellular ka līoho

Na ka papa kuhikuhiE hiʻona - he waiwai omaomao kala like 'ole, i mea ka halepaahao. He wehewehe e like hapa o ka plastid pigment chlorophyll dominates. I mea no ke aha kēia mau meaola i hiki hoi ke kāʻamaʻai, ka hana ke aloha mea no nona wale nō. He pili kēia pili ia i ka honua o flora kiekie ae.

Nō hoʻi, i ka mall hiʻona o ka launahele unicellular līoho mea i loko o nā kēia mau kānāwai.

1. Hoʻokoe nutrient - pia.
2. Kēia organelle e like me ka chloroplast ua hoʻopuniʻia e ka papaluaʻili lahilahi i ua loaʻa i loko kiekie mea kanu.
3. E neʻe hoʻohana flagella, huluhulu a unahi. Aia paha e mai kekahi mai a hiki i 6-8.

Ka mea, ua maopopo i ka 'ole o ka launahele unicellular līoho mea ia hana, a kokoke i ka lahui i hoʻonohonoho' ia 'elele o ka honua? Ueo.

Mea e pili ana i keia Oihana? Ua kaulana loa ka poeikohoia:

• chlamydomonas;
• Volvox;
• chlorella;
• pleurococcus;
• euglena uliuli a pau;
• akrosifoniya a me na mea e ae.

E kekahi mau o kēia mau meaola mākou noʻonoʻo.

chlamydomonas

Ua pili ia i ka 'elele o keia Oihana, e like me ka lāʻau hookahi-aa? Līoho. Chlamydomonas - Ua ka hapanui freshwater meaola me kekahi mau hiʻona o ka 'ole. Ua Ua wehewehe aku ma ka maikaʻi phototaxis (neʻeʻana aku o ka malamalama kumu), ma muli o ia i ke alo ma ka mua hope o ka photosensitive keena eyelet.

Ke liluwelo kūlana o Chlamydomonas mea ia ia mea he ka hoʻohua no o oxygen i kāʻamaʻai, he waiwai nui ai kumu no ka holoholona. No hoi, keia mea i ka alga kumu "ua pua i nā" o ka wai kino. Aeee ka mea, ua hikiwawe nui ma kaʻimi hoʻopunipuni rula, no laila, koho Chlamydomonas aaiaoe? I ka mea o ka noiʻi a me ka keʻena hoʻokolohua ho okolohua.

chlorella

Unicellular līoho Chlorella i pili i kekahi mea uliuli Oihana. Kona papa likeʻole, mai nā mea a pau na mea e ae a pau ke noho wale me ka wai, akā, ia mea devoid o aeea flagella. Photosynthetic nona iho apono 'hoʻohana chlorella like me ka kumu o ka o oxygen i loko o ka makahiki (ma luna o nā moku, Kao lele lako kaua).

Loko o ka halepaahao he he hanana kau o ka mahuaola a me nā wikamina mea e keia alga ua mahalo kuaiia like me ka ai lako hou no ka holoholona. E like no ke kanaka e ai ia i ka ai ia e ia mea pono, no ka mea, 50% o ka kumuʻiʻo i loko o kona haku mele 'ana i oi ma ka ikehu waiwai io o na ulu. Eia naʻe, e like me ka ai na kanaka, ka mea, ua nō i hopu ia.

Akā, chlorella Ua hoʻohana ana no liluwelo wai hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Watch keia meaola hiki ia i loko o ke aniani ipu me ka stagnant ka wai. Ma ka paia i hana i ka mea pahee ka penaʻana o ka uliuli. He chlorella.

euglena uliuli a pau

Unicellular līoho mea euglena'ōmaʻomaʻo, a e pili ana i ka 'Oihana euglenophytes. Hana, elongated me ke kuhikuhi mai la lakou a pau o ke kino shape hana mea okoa mai ka 'ē aʻe. Ua hoi mai i ka malamalama-ikepili koʻikoʻi maka a me ka flagella no kaʻeleu neʻeʻana. An hana hoihoi 'oiaio o ia euglena - mixotrophy. Ua hiki ke mana heterogeneous, akā, ma ka hapanui o na hihia e hāpai mai i ke kaʻina hana o ka kāʻamaʻai.

No ka lōʻihi manawa he mau hoopaapaa e pili ana i ka affiliation o ka meaola i kekahi aupuni. E like me ka hou nā hiʻona i ka holoholona, ma ka 'ē aʻe - he mea kanu. Ua noho ma ka i haumia wai o ke aloha residues.

pleurococcus

Keia ua hoʻokōʻia uliuli meaola i noho ma ka pōhaku, ka honua, ka pohaku, ka laau. Hana i kekahi bluish-uliuli patina ma surfaces. Ka mea, e pili ana i ka ohana Hetoforovye launahele līoho Māhele.

I pleurococcus ke ho okele i loko o ka ululaau, e like me ka mea kikiʻo wale ma kaʻaoʻao kūkulu'ākau o ka laau.

diatoms

Ka līoho i unicellular diatom ioeo, a pili a pau ia mea. Together ka mea hana i ka diatoms, i mea okoa hana hoihoi hiʻona. Ma luna o ka halepaahao uhi me ka nani kuluma kāna iwi, ma i kekahi kumu o ka maoli paʻakai silikone a me kona'okesaside. I kekahi manawa, i kēia mau lauana mea i hiki ole ia ia mea me he mea keia mea kekahi kuhikuhipuʻuone 'ole a me ka pohihihi unuhi o ka artist.

Over manawa, me ka poeikohoia o ka diatoms make hoolilo waiwai hoʻokomo kālā o nā pōhaku, a i hoʻohanaʻia e ke kanaka. Me kekahi hapa o ka halepaahao ua Kīwala'ō ma lalo xanthophylls, no laila, i keʻano o kēia mau gula līoho. Ka mea, i ka waiwai nui ai no meaola holoholona, no ka mea, ka mea hana i ka nui loa o ka plankton.

ula ka līoho

He mau ano, i ke ano o ka i loli aʻe, mai kukui ulaula, eʻalani a me ka maroon. Me kekahi hapa o ka halepaahao ua Kīwala'ō ma lalo nā pigments i inhibit chlorophyll. Mākou e hoihoi i loko o ka ula līoho, unicellular 'ano apau loa.

A hiki i keia pūʻulu e pili ana i ka papa bangievyh līoho, i maupaʻa ma kahi o 100? Ueo. O kēia mau mea, he nui hapa ninoieo o hookahi-aa?. Ka papa likeʻole o ka predominance o na carotenes a me xanthophylls, phycobilins o chlorophyll. Kēia wehewehe i ka pena 'Oihana laʻelaʻe' ia. Aia i mau loa, he pono ole meaola i waena o unicellular ulaula līoho:

• porfiridium.
• hrootetse.
• geotrihum.
• asterotsitis.

Na ka papa kuhikuhiE kaianoho koholā - i ka moana a me nā wai ma ka pakiko lakikū. Ma ke koaʻe ke, e nui rarer.

Porfiridium

Watch noho ma unicellular līoho o ka laha ', a me kela mea keia mea hiki. Ka mea, nāna i hana i ke koko-ulaula Auana ma ka honua, nā pā, a me ka pulu surfaces. Mehameha mea kākaʻikahi, ka hapanui ho'ākoakoa mai i ka panalāʻau hoʻopuniʻia e mucus.

Man hoʻohana i ka noiʻi i keʻano o ka hanaʻana e like me kāʻamaʻai ma unicellular a me ke kahua o ka polysaccharide nā lātoma loko meaola.

Hrootetse

Kēia alga mea i unicellular a me ka pili ana i ka Oihana o kaʻulaʻula, ka papa bangievyh. Kona papa kuhikuhiE hanohano nō hoʻi hiʻona - o ke kahua o mucous "wāwae" e paʻa ai i ka kūpapakū. Interestingly, keia "wāwae" o ke kino i oi aku ka nui o aneane 50 manawa. Mucus ua hua mai la ma ka halepaahao ia iho i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ke ola.

Noho keia kino ma soils no hoi i hana i ka hiki ulaula ka penaʻana, pakika ana i ka hoʻopā.