Urea. Norma a me kumu o deviations.

Urea mea he kumuʻiʻo decomposition huahana. I ka wā o ka naoh deamination o'amino nāʻakika e paka ammonia. I mea e ho'ēmi i kona kaʻawahia, a neutralize, ua synthesized ma ke akepaʻa urea. Urea - he haʻahaʻa hakakino kaumaha hui, ka 'elele i hele ma ka halepaahao membranes oʻulaʻula koko keena a me parenchymal nā loko. I loko nō o ka mea i urea iho o Ion haʻahaʻa-ʻawahia,ʻawahia aka potasiuma i loaa me ia, a me ka guanidine nā mea loaʻa. Ia mea ke kumu o ka kanaka kino mea nui kupono e paʻa ana i ka pono nui o ka urea. Ke kūmau o kona maʻiʻo hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka makahiki o ke kanaka, a me ka mea hiki ke hōʻike i ka Ka Ikepili.

Urea - he osmoticʻeleu waiwai, no laila kona excessive hoʻomāhuahua ke alakai i ka nani o na nā'aʻaʻa o parenchymal nā loko, Central ko mākou hopohopo nenoaiu, subcutaneous'aʻaʻa o ka myocardium.

I mea e hooholo ana i ka pono o ka mea ua functioning glomerular hakuʻala, ka mea hiki ke aʻo 'ilikai, kahi o ka wai koko ua kia urea. Ke kūmau o kona maʻiʻo i loko o ka lāʻau lapaʻau e e 1,8-7,5 mmol / ho'āo ai. I ka Ia manawa ka haahaa kōmi i e typical no na keiki ma lalo o ka makahiki o ka 14 makahiki, a me ka mea kiekie loa - no ka mea kūpuna, kona mau makahiki i hiki 60 makahiki. Ma na kamalii uuku keia inideka E ano laulā, e emi ma mua o 4,3 a me ka ole e emi malalo o 1.4 mmol / ho'āo ai.

E hoʻoholo i ka lehulehu o ka urea hana biochemical Ka Ikepili o ke koko. No ka nui piha kiʻi, a me ka urea hiki ke nānā 'no hoi, a me ka maʻiʻo o ka creatine. Inā, ma ka hopena o kālailai, i mahuahua urea, laila, ua kapaʻia kēiaʻano uremia. Loa pinepine ka mea, ua pu ma ka clinically okoa maʻi pale o ka intoxication. Urea ua hua mai la i ka mahuahua dala i catabolic Hawaii ma ka excessive ana o ke kumuʻiʻo, a me ka kaʻaluna o nā polokina, a'amino nāʻakika ma hope o gastric kahe ana ke koko. I ka wai koko lehulehu o ka urea, piʻi pū me ka hopena o ka dehydration ma muli o ke kai a piʻi aʻela OE omo i ka hakuʻala tubules. Mawaena o na maʻi e alakai i hoonuiia pae o ka urea, hiki ke helu ia penei:

• Amyloidosis, ʻaʻa puʻuwai, pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, tuberculosis hakuʻala ;
• 'āno'ē mimi pele a ilihune patency o urinary'āpana;
• Malignant hikoko a me leukemia;
• Heart ole;
• kahe ana ke koko;
• Myocardial infarction;
• na naau oʻu iaʻi;
• kuni;
• Burns, a kŰia;
• dehydration;
• cachexia;

Aia Ua hoi he physiological ana, ka wā uku, piʻi pū, i ua kiaʻana i kāna i loko o ke koko urea. Kūmau kona koi 'ilikai e e oi i ka hopena o regular māluhiluhi hoounauna.

E hoomahuahua oe i ka urea maʻiʻo a me ka hiki ke hana i kekahi mau ai '. Mawaena o lakou i ke i hoike ia e like me phenylbutazone, anabolic steroid, aldomet, dopegit, Rauwolfia alkaloids, hao hoomakaukau, a me nephrotoxic ai '.

E like me ka hopena, i ke koko hoao ana hiki ke loaʻa i ua hoemiia ka urea. Naʻe, i kēia hana loa kākaʻikahi. Keia ia lŘlŘ loa pinepine i ka hihia ma ka 'aʻe' ana o ka kemikala hana o ke ake, a ina o ka hoʻomanawanui i pau ai he uuku nui o ke kumuʻiʻo. Hoonaukiuki aku i kekahi i loko o ke koko emi urea pae e hiki maʻi e like me cirrhosis, hepatitis a me hepatic coma, hyperhydration, acromegaly, ʻapu kōheoheoʻana ma ka arsenic a phosphorus, e like me ka moku'āina hope dialysis. Ma ka 'ilikai physiological i e hoemi i hāpai keiki urea. Kūmau kona lehulehu i loko o ke koko i kēia wā ua nui hoemiia. Ke kumu no ka hoemi i ka urea hiki no hoi ia i kaʻai a me ka pololi. A no ke aha la oe i pono ai ke kokoke akau i kaʻai.