Ola kino, Hoomakaukau
Vaccination ku e pneumococcal maʻi i na keiki: i ka naoh a me ka manaʻo
E like me ia MEA, pneumococci pinepine lilo konohiki o mea koʻohune nā mea palahēhē i loko o kānaka. I kēia lā, 'ikepili helu mea i ka meaola i ke kumu o ka make no 1,2 miliona. People ma ka makahiki. O keia helu ana o kanaka oi ma mua o 40% i na keiki ma lalo o 5 makahiki o ka makahiki. O ka ai-kapa pneumonia kaiāulu-loaa, i ka helu o ka i loko o ka Lūkini kekahi, a me ka hapalua miliona o ka makahiki, mai ka 75% o ka hihia o nā mākua hoʻomaka kēia mau microorganisms - pneumococci. Me ka pili ana i na keiki i loko o ka makahiki pae o i ka 5 makahiki, aia no he pakeneka o ke komo i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ka pneumococci ihoiho 90.
Nā keiki e maʻi otitis me ka loli iki ana degere o ka oolea. Kahi o 30-35% o nā hihia o ka huʻi otitis me Media, i loko o nā mea maʻi opiopio ua kaulana nō ma pneumococci. Mau maʻi i wehewehe aku ma kā lākou kiʻekiʻe umekaumaha pele me ka pahiki kiʻekiʻe o perforation o ka eardrum. Pinepine oe e lohe mai akamai e pili ana i ka hooulu ana orthogene intracranial complications, e pakele no ka mea e halihaliia oia iwaho pinepine lawa tympanostomy. Ke kaʻina mea heʻoki lāʻau lapaʻau 'uao i ka remediation o ka waena pepeiao lua a me ka hoihoi i ke kulana o ka wati waena pepeiao iwi.
Vaccination ku e pneumococcal maʻi i loko o nā mākua a me nā keiki ke me ka nui loa hoʻoikaika 'ana i ke kahua a me ka mea hiki wale mai o keia initiator.
Pneumococcal maʻi: owai la ka mea?
Streptococcus pneumoniae o kekahi o na eiiiiiaiou o ka maʻamau microflora o ke keena naehana oihana o ke ola i ke kanaka. Up i ka 70% o ka heluna kanaka - ia Kākoʻo kekahi a oi ke ano o ka microorganism. Iwaena o na keiki, i ka nui o ka 'kaiāulu' mea kiʻekiʻe ma luna o waena o nā mākua. ʻO kā mākou nui o ka ukana o ka poe e ola nei, hana, a mahuahua ma ka pūʻulu (mālama '-kula a me ka hoʻonaʻauao hui, e hana ana i nā pūʻulu, etc.).
Kēia meaola ua haku o ka polysaccharide mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku i mea hiki ke uhi i ke kūpono 'ana o ke hoʻonele i keiki kaikaina ma mua o 2 makahiki. I kēia lā, 'epekema ike e pili ana i ke ola ana o ka 84 subtypes o pneumococcus. Me ka hooulu ana o ke au o antibiotics mea he noho malie hoi microbe Streptococcus pneumoniae Ua lilo i ka 'anoʻano pākīkē microorganisms hoʻopale i kuʻuna antibiotics bulk ai'. I ka nui o ka ia'ku e penicillin ka manawa a puni 50%, e chloramphenicol a me ka tetracycline - 30%. Mai ka penicillin pūʻulu o antibiotics Ua ākea lawa, a laila ka mea, e ole e mana ma infecting meaola e like me pneumococcus. Vaccination i loko o ia mau hihia a pau - ka wale ala, e lanakila ana me ka palena haʻahaʻa ka pōʻino ma ke kaua ana i keia microorganism. Ua mea waiwai i olelo ia i ka maʻi 'ana e hoʻomōhala ana iʻano koke (IeAUPIIe, IAa IO ole hou aku 3 lā), a me ka manawa, e hana noiʻi ma ka wehewehena o ka degere o ka pā lonoaʻili i kekahi mauʻano o nā antibiotics e' ike '.
Ano, ke ninau pneumococcal ia'ku i antibiotics ua lilo increasingly nui, ka mea, ua lilo oi a oi kaʻenaʻena pilikia.
He aha vaccines mea hoʻohana?
Currently, Rusia hoʻohana mau 'ano o nā vaccines no ke kaʻina hana e like me vaccination ku e pneumococcal maʻiʻaʻai: polysaccharide a me ka conjugated i kumuʻiʻo mea haʻilula keimikala.
Mai ka palapala o conjugated vaccines ma Rusia i kauoha aku kakau a me ka mea a ianoiyuaa a ma ka hoʻohana "Prevenar 7". Ehiku serotypes komo i loko o kona haku mele 'ana, hui 87% o pneumococcal isolates ua ino na keiki mai kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia a me kekahi' ē aʻe'āina. Aie i ka mea i serotipovaya kiʻi i loko o kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia a me Rusia mea kokoke i ka ia, ua hiki kuhi i "Prevenar 7" E hoi e mana ana ma ka Russian Hui, e like me ka pono me ia ma ka United States.
Ka makahiki huahelu no ka vaccination ku pneumococcus
"Pneumo-23" no ka vaccination ua lawelawe iho la no kekahi manawa subcutaneously paha intramuscularly. Hiki e vaccinated e hoʻomaka ana mai 2-hletnego makahiki, laʻau heluna - 0.5 ml. Re-vaccination hiki ke lawe mai i mua ma mua o ma hope o 3 makahiki ma hope o ka hope ka pahu kui.
Vaccination ku e pneumococcal maʻi i na keiki me ka hoʻohana ' "Prevenar 7" Ua hiki me 2-hmesyachnogo makahiki. Vaccination ua lawe mai i loko o laua me ka DTP (i loko o 3 kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao). Revaccination hiki ke mālama 'ia i loko o ke keiki elemakule 1.5 makahiki. Naʻe, i kēia 'ano o ka laʻau koʻokoʻo, loaʻa nō kekahi mau nā mea e hiki wale mai o ka vaccination. Aia ka 'ike ma ka laulā o ka vaccination i loko o 2 kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao (i loko o ka 2nd hapa-makahiki), i ukali ia e ka booster. Nō hoʻi i loaʻa i ka vaccination noaia i loko o 2 kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao i ka lua o ka makahiki o ke ola, a me ka koke no ka wā o ka 2 me 5 makahiki.
I ka nui o ka 'ohana ka palekana polysaccharide vaccines
High hopenaʻoi loa i loko o ka Kāohiʻana o ka pneumonia hōʻike i ka laʻau koʻokoʻo ma luna o pneumococcal maʻiʻaʻai. Reviews ke ana helu Aupuni i aku nei au ma kahi o 80 hapa haneri ka hoomalu ana. Poe akamai i-epidemiologists waiho aku vaccination me "Pneumo-23" kanaka elemakule 18 a hiki i 21 makahiki ma ka nui i ka hoʻolālā a me nā pūʻulu (e like me kaua naehana). Ma hope o kekahi kōā o ka manawa (2 i 5 mahina) ma hope o vaccination hiki mai ana i ka emi ana ma ka mea hiki wale mai o ka huʻi naehana nā mea palahēhē ma ka oi o ka 2-pa dala, bronchitis - mai i 13 manawa, pneumonia - ole e emi malalo o 6 manawa. I ka huikau pneumonia, meningitis a me nā ano o pneumococcal mea koʻohune maʻiʻaʻai ka hoʻokōʻana pakeneka papa koa mai ka 56 a hiki i 81.
I ka nui o ka laulā o ke kaʻina hana e like me vaccination ku pneumococcus, e loli ai ka makahiki o vaccinees. Ma ka makahiki pae mai i ka 55 makahiki, o ka huahelu ua 93%, mai ka 55 a hiki i 64 makahiki ka ka hoʻokōʻana ua hoʻemi i 88%. I ka nui o ka palekana i ka pneumococcus ma ka makahiki mai ka 65 makahiki a hiki i 74 - 80%, no 75 makahiki o ka makahiki - 67%.
No nā mea maʻi e loaa ana mai ka mea'ōnaehana mānowai koko a me ka broncho-pulmonary maʻi, i ka nui o ka hoomaluhia me ka polysaccharide vaccines (pakahi aku la ia "pneumo-23") ka hola 69% (me ka ola kānaka). Hōʻike i ke kiekie o ka hoʻokōʻana o ia ka laʻau koʻokoʻo wā hoʻohana 'ia i loko o nā keiki pūʻulu. Good hana hōʻike "Pneumo-23" ma ka hui pu ana, me ka maʻi palū vaccines.
E pili ana i nā laʻau koʻokoʻo hoohui ma Russian - "Pneumovax-23" - hiki e mai la oia i kona hopenaʻoi loa no ka poʻe me mimikō o 84%, a me ischemia - 73%. No nā mea maʻi e loaa ana mai ka naau e loaa, keia pakeneka ka 69, me ka pilikia a me ka ia maʻiʻaʻai asthma - 65 no na kanaka ma ka makahiki pae ma luna o 65 makahiki o ka laulā o ka lāʻau āu i 75%.
I ka nui o ka 'ohana ka palekana conjugate vaccines
Me ka hoʻohana 'ana o ka conjugate laʻau koʻokoʻo vaccination ku e pneumococcal maʻi no na keiki hōʻike he kiʻekiʻe loa o ka hoʻokōʻana. Ālai 'hoemiia ole wale i ka helu o ka haukapila noi komo' ana o na keiki me ka pneumonia o kekahi kumu, akā, i ke alapine (frequency) o ka outpatient kipa i ke kauka. Me ka nui loa hou kulana home 'ole morbidity pneumococcal meningitis.
Pneumococci mea 'ano hoʻopale i ka penicillin. "Prevenar-23" Ua hiki e hoʻopale ai e ku e ia ke kanana nei me ka waena a me ka kiʻekiʻe kumupaʻa mea 80-100%. Eia hou, ua laʻau koʻokoʻo me kiʻekiʻe ka hoʻokōʻana hui me ka nui o ka maʻi palū.
E like me ka World Health Organization, i ka hana o ka conjugate laʻau koʻokoʻo no ka hana e like me ka vaccination ku e pneumococcal maʻi no na keiki (nā mea a pau e noho ana i loko o 72 ulu'āina a puni ke ao nei), hiki ole ai i ka 407.000 make makahiki.
Hiki reactions e vaccination
Vaccination ku e pneumococcal maʻi hoʻomalu e ae e hana i kekahi manawa o ka makahiki, a hui me kekahi'ē aʻe vaccines (i koe ua i wale no BCG). Ma aaieieno? O nāʻano o nā vaccines ku e kekahi pneumococci hiki pane mai ke kanaka kino. Ma ka "Pneumo-23" i loko o kanaka hoʻomanawanui iki mai kānāwai kūloko naoh i loko o ka palapala o ka redness, eha. Ke ka nui ana o ka naoh mea IeAUPIIe, IAa IO nawaliwali, a hiki hope mai i ka 48 hola. Vaccination ku e pneumococcal keiki (hōʻike manaʻo o ke ola kino poe hana a me na makua ma ka like ma luna o kēia wahi) i loko o kekahi mau hihia (ʻaʻole pinepine) hiki i ka poʻe noʻonoʻoʻole,ʻeha i loko o na ami.
Aia nā hihia ma nā mea maʻi me ka idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (i loko o ka malie pae) ma hope o ka manawa o ka mai 2 a hiki i 14 mau lā, ulu recurrences hiki mai i ka 2 pule. He loa pohihihi keia, e lohe e pili ana anaphylactic Hawaii.
Ka laʻau koʻokoʻo "Prevenar" ua wehewehe aku ma ka maikai na keiki o ka tolerability. Oia ka laʻau koʻokoʻo ma luna o pneumococcal maʻiʻaʻai complications (mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i kekahi pilikia nui), e like me ka rula, 'aʻole i kumu. Eia naʻe, he pinepine hoikeia like kaiakū reactions irritability, hiamoe kāna hana, IIeEeAIEUIeXAIIUE redness a me ka hoʻokano, mea ulu ma ke kino mahana e 38 C. A uuku helu o nā keiki (ma kahi o 5%), i ka mahana i ku ma luna 39˚ C.
He loaʻa kekahi contraindications e vaccination ku pneumococcus?
Kekahi mau ole hana contraindications e vaccination mea ole no kekahi o na vaccines, koe wale no i ka naoh i ka laʻau koʻokoʻo pneumococcal maʻiʻaʻai i loko o ka mua manawa. Aia nō kekahi mau koi ana ma o ka hoʻohana 'ana o Immunology "Pneumo-23" mea ole e emi malalo o 10 mau lā ma mua o ka papa o immunosuppressive Inc huli no. Ole e hahai i kēia mau kauoha e paipai i ka emi ma ka lāʻau lapaʻau kino pae.
Vaccination o hapai na wahine ola ka poe e hana i ae wale ma luna o ka hope trimester. Eia naʻe, ke ole loa e pono ai, ka mea, ua? Aeiiaiaoaony e kaohi aku mai keia ina hana.
Ka mea hiki wale mai o pneumococcal maʻi: i ka pae o ke kamepiula
Abandonment o ke kaʻina hana e like me ka vaccination ku e pneumococcal maʻi? complications no kekahi pūʻulu o kanaka ke i oi ma mua o kona hana. Poe akamai i paipai pono vaccinated kanaka ma ka makahiki o ka 65. Ma kekahi ulu'āina, vaccination o keia makahiki pae i ke ano o OAXA kaʻina hana.
E e vaccinated ku pneumococcal hoʻonāwaliwaliʻia, a me ka maimai paha i hospitalization ana o kanaka me ka mimikō, maʻi bronchitis, deficiency ma cardiac a me ka ÷ naehana hanu haʻawina, ka functioning o ke akepaʻa.
Mau hea hana i vaccination ku pneumococcus (paramedics hōʻike manaʻo - hoike o) kanaka me hoʻonāwaliwaliʻia'ōnaehana paleʻea nenoai. Here ma kamepiula e hoomanawanui i ka poe i undergoneʻoki kino no ka wehe 'ana o ka spleen, e loaa ana mai ka nephrotic maʻi pale, pahikakiwi-aeea anaemia. Nō hoʻi, i kēia pae nā kanaka ka poe i ua leaking spinal loli.
A, o ka papa, mai hoopoina e pili ana i ka ulu hanauna. Vaccinate pono maimai keiki (a me ka poe i iho mailoko me tuberculosis), a hiki i ka nui pūʻulu (hoʻoulu, kindergarten, kula). C. 2-hletnego makahiki podiatrists kūkā iho e vaccinate opiopio nā mea maʻi e loaa ana liquorrhea, asplenic, deficiency o ka hoʻokō eiiiiiaiou mea i hala i ka kaʻina hana o cochlear e kanu pūʻia.
Vaccination ku e pneumococcal maʻi no na keiki ke me ka nui loa emi ka nui o ka maʻi, a ho'ēmi i make, mai keia microorganism weliweli.
E like me ke 'inikua' Oihana, nā mea maʻi, nā mākua
Manao pediatricians, 'inikua' Oihana i ka nui no hoi na kihapai o ka lapaau ma luna o kēia nīnau unequivocally - vaccination ku e pneumococcal mai (e like me hōʻike manaʻo e pili ana iʻaoʻao o maʻamau townsfolk e loa kekahi henua) - Ua koi 'ia. Kauka manao i kēia hana o ka mālama loa mana i loko o ke kaua ana i ka nuipa a maʻi loa okoa etymology. He mau maʻalahi a emi kumu kūʻai nui, e pale aku i ka mai ma mua, e lawe ka lapaʻauʻia (oi ma mua o kekahi, a me IeAUPIIe, IAa IO mau ole loa inoffensive) e kahu ai, a me ka hapanui maʻiʻaʻai a me kona hopena a me complications.
I waena o nā mākua pediatrician ikaika koi ma vaccination ku pneumococcus ua e mau loa ana me resonate. A noʻonoʻo ke kanaka,ʻaʻole ke kauka, i ke aloha a hiki i ka Media "no kaʻoiaʻiʻo ike" i ke kanana nei o ka pneumococcus, ua ikaika nui, a ina paha o ka laʻau koʻokoʻo, e hoomalu i kekahi keiki, a ua paipaiʻia kauka - i ka nui nīnau. ʻOiai ka mea uie kekahi hapanui hewahewa o na makua nō kamaʻilioʻana, e hoolohe i ka manao o ka hoʻomalu, a undergo vaccination.
Mai manawa i ka manawa e hiki lohe ia vaccination ku e pneumococcal maʻi, complications o i ninoieo me ka hooulu ana i ka mahana ua i ka hoʻokō - ke keiki mea nō maʻi. Ma na hihia ia mea e pono nō ia e lohe i ka ka nui o ka maʻi. Inā ke keiki ua puʻu,ʻo ia iā ia i ka wela i ke 38 degere, a me ka mea, ua maʻi 7 lā - keia mea maopopo. Me ka vaccination hopena hiki e nui loa, bronchitis, pneumonia, hospitalization, he nui ai 'i ole ka easiest, a ma ka liʻiliʻi 21 lā o ka nohoʻana.
Summing mai
Pneumococcal maʻi hiki aku ai a puni ka honua no ka hooulu ana o ka huʻi naehana maʻi, obstructive akemāmā maʻi, etc. A me kēia lā, i loko o ke kēia kiʻekiʻe-ʻenehana makahiki, i ka make ana, mai keia microorganism mea kiʻekiʻe nui iho la ia. Nolaila, i ka hapa o na makua vaccination ku pneumococcus child (manaʻo - i ke ano o ka 'ike a e e alakai ia ma ia mau hihia) - keia mea he manawa kupono e hoomalu i kona keiki, e pale aku i ke kūpono' ana o nā maʻi nui ma lalo o kahi loihi-kiʻi, mai i lalo iho i na hoike, pretexts.
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