Veniamin Aleksandrovich Kaverin: Kawaihae, papa inoa o ka buke, a me ka hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo

87 makahiki o ke ola ana o na kanaka a pau he au holoʻokoʻa. Lawe mai i loko o ka mooolelo o ka panina moʻokalaleo,ʻo ia i ho'āʻo i ka noonoo ana i ka lakou mau buke, he houʻano o ka meʻe, hanau ma kekahi mōʻaukala ana. I kona papa kuhikuhiE puke, i lawe mai i kekahi mau hanauna, o ke kemu, mai ona mea,ʻaʻole he ideological ka hoʻokô 'ana i ka tenets a me ideals o ka oiaio o ke aloha, perseverance ma ka hoʻokō' pahu hopu a me ka ho'ānoʻole'ē, a iho Veniamin Aleksandrovich Kaverin kupaʻa, a ua hana i hiki i ka palapala, ai 'hana, a me ke ola.

"I manaʻo au ua hiki no i ke keiki ..."

He ua i ke keiki muli loa ma ka ohana o ka nui o ka oihana mele Alexander Abramovich Zilber, ka poe i malama ia i loko o ka Omsk Infantry Regiment. Veniamin Aleksandrovich Kaverin i hānau i loko o ka luawai o ka 1902, ka wā ka hapanui o ka 'ohana no ka oi mamua o 5 makahiki e noho ana i loko o Pskov. Ua pau ia i ka manawaleʻa na keiki 6 Zilber, a laila hiki kiekie nui ole wale ma ka mele akā, i loko o 'epekema. No ka paha, Alexander lilo i koʻikoʻi haku mele, a alakaʻi mele, ka poe i ka pseudonym muliwai hope, Elena - musicologist, Leo - i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka mea a pau Soviet scientific kula o Lapaʻau o Virology.

Thoroughness o ka 'imi naʻauao a me ka noʻeau'āina hoʻoili no ka wā e hiki mai ke ola o na keiki Kapellmeister Zilber pili kēia aie i kona makuwahine - Anne Grigorevne. He ua he pianist, he puka o ka Moscow Conservatory, Ua pono ka hoʻonaʻauao aku i, a hamama-hoonaaukiekie oe, a i kā lākou mau hale i kaulana wahi no ka 'ōlelo e holumua ai Kamaliʻi moku'āina Pskov. Ka mea, ua maopopo ia ma lalo o kona ole i ka wā e hiki mai kākau moʻolelo koke hoʻolauna ia i ka heluheluʻana.

Favorite mea kākau - Stevenson

He lilo ka knigoglotatelem o ke kemu nui mea o ka moʻokalaleo o kekahi mau waiwai: manao o Andersen a me Perrault, puke Dickens a me Viktora Gyugo, i ka hana o ka Lūkini Classics, hoike ia novels o Fenimore Cooper a me Aimard, nā moʻolelo o Sherlock Holmes, a me ka tabloid uuku puke e pili ana i maikai, powa, a me nā Makäkiu. E like me ka hope hoʻomanaʻo aʻela Veniamin Aleksandrovich Kaverin, oia ka oi aku imua o Robert Stevenson, hahau iho la i ka hiki e lawe noho ai o ka noonoo ana me ke koe nō, ma ka mea o ka "mana hua'ōlelo lālau, ka hānau keiki a hiki i ka mana o ke akamai."

Ma waho o ka makuahine, i haawi ai i ka hooulu ana o na keiki i ka puu o ka noonoo, he kaikuaʻana Leo i kaulana nui no ke keiki, ua. He kanaka nona ka ole nui ana ma ka palapala, ai 'ho'āʻo iho au o ka wā e hiki mai kākau moʻolelo, a me ka luna o ia i kuko no ka moʻokalaleo, lilo i hoaaloha a me classmate o Leo - Yuri Tynyanov - ma hope kekahi kaulana ka palapala, ai manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me ka mea kākau, kākau o ka "Apana Lutanela Kizhe", "Kuchle" a me "ka Make Wazir-Mukhtar" . Tynyanov he lōʻihi manawa e lilo i hoa oiaio a me ka Kaverina. I kahaha no mea ia hope mare i ke kaikuwahine o ka Leo a me Veni - Elena, a oia Veniamin Aleksandrovich Kaverin Ua a laila mare ai i kona ola loa ma Tynianov kaikuahine - Lydia.

kona kulanui

Ma aʻo i loko o ka Pskov moku'āina gymnasium, kahi āna i hoʻohala ai i ka 6 makahiki kahiko, ka mea wale pilikia no Kaverina ua makemakika. Me ka manawa o kona kiʻekiʻe-kula oia UOAAaOON e kākau poetry, a ma ia manawa ua pono ole na kanaka ui i ka aloha kekahi i kekahi mindset.

Kaverina noho 'ana kamaliʻi i pau ai i ka 1918 ma hope o ka hopu ana o Pskov ma Kelemānia poʻe hao wale, a me ka ia i pau ke kula kiʻekiʻe ma Moscow. Aiaʻo ia i komo i ke kulanui. Alaila, nee aku la ia a hiki i ke kapikala - Petrograd. Aia, ma Tynianov, hoʻokokoke mai me ka nui kaulana moʻolelo - Shklovskii, E. Schwartz, Sun Ivanov, listen'ōlelo, kau moʻokalaleo, ma ka nui prosody, Kaverin a eia aʻe. Veniamin Aleksandrovich, kona Kawaihae Ua lilo i ka hopena o ka laʻana o selfless hana o Lūkini moʻokalaleo, loaa ka mea mua paakiki aʻo ma ke alanui. Ka mainoino loa i kona poetic puke i haku ai ia ia iho Osip Mandelstam: "Mai kanaka e like oe, poetry pono e hoomaluia!".

Ua pau ke poem, Kaverin a hoʻoholo i ka i hoʻolaʻaʻia lā iā ia iho i ka 'epekema. He hele ia Istfil Petrograd University, a ma ka mea ia manawa i ¶ʻO'Araba lālā o ka Institute o Living'Ākia Languages.

Ka mua ka hoao ana kākau moʻolelo

A aole nae lanakila i kaʻono no ka kākau Kaverin i ole ola me ka make. Kekahi lā ma hope o ka ninaninau hoolaa ai Lobachevskii kumumanaʻo, ike aku la oia i ka pelaha o ka palapala, ai 'hoʻokūkū, e paʻa ana i ka Hale o ka mea kākau. He umi minuke, a i ka alanui a hiki i ka hale, a laila, i kapaʻia Kaverin ona, hōʻike i ke kumu nui hiʻona o kona ola. He nō e hele ai i ka Aina, a me ka noʻonoʻo pono i kona moʻolelo, aʻo ia e komo 'ana i loko o ka Competition.

Ka mua prosaic ka hoao ana Kaverina i kapaia "ʻumikumamākahi o axiom" Ua koho wale i ke kolu o ka uku. Ka huina o 3,000 rubles wale mau ae la ia no ka eono toffee - ai devalued ke kālā i loko o 1920, akā, ka mea, ua i kona mua ka palapala, ai uku, i kona pomaikai mua me ka mea kākau moʻolelo. About ia manawa a hoomanao iho la o Kaverin. Veniamin Aleksandrovich - Kawaihae, papa inoa o nā puke i paʻi a puni ka honua, he mea hoike no kiʻekiʻe i manaʻo o kāna hana, a tālena - a hiki i ka pauʻana o nā lāʻeono hoomanao toffee.

"Serapion Brothers"

Pepeluali 1, 1921, i ka mua halawai ana o ka palapala, ai 'p ÷ ai, i kapaʻia "Serapion poe hoahanau." Ma hope halawai i hele ma ka hailona ana i "sympathizers" a me adherents, akā, canonical 'ole ua ikaika: Lev Luntz, Mikhail Zoshchenko, Ilya Gruzdev Nikolay Nikitin, Elena Polonskaya, Nikolai Tikhonov, Vsevolod Ivanov, Mikhail Slonimsky, Konstantin Fedin. Kekahi o na hoa paʻa o ka hui lilo Kaverin. Veniamin Aleksandrovich, o kona mau hana hoomaka ma ia manawa, e hōʻike mau i loko o ka ahakanaka, a komo i loko o ka hālāwai 'Imi. He noho malama pono i ka "hoahanau" a me ka makakū loina i kukalaia ai ia lakou a hiki i ka hopena - Kaverin a me kanalima makahiki ma hope ia i ka hoʻomaka o ka "Serapion chronology" - Feb 1 - like me ka lā hoʻomaha nui loa.

A me ka ole, ua uncommon i ka manawa i kēia mau kumu. Ke loa inoa, aie ma ka hoʻokumu poe kupuna o ka p ÷ ai i loko o ka ohi ana o pōkole nā moʻolelo Classics o Kelemānia Romanticism Ernest Teodora Amadeya Hoffmann, i olelo mai ai o ka piha palaka i kālai'āina. Ma keia ohi i oleloia palapala, ai 'kaiāulu, ka inoa i loko o ka hanohano o ke kaʻao Karistiano hermit, a ascetic Serapion, a me ka olelo hoolaha o na kumu waiwai o ka palapala, ai' hana o kona mea e like ai, me ka nānāʻole i ka ideology a mau manao o ka mea kākau, ka mea, ua i loko o ke kolu o ka makahiki o Soviet mana aneane i ka hoonaukiuki ana.

ino manawa

Soon ma ka "hoahanau" lilo maopopo naivete o ko lākou mau aliʻi, akä,. Ideological oko mawaena o lakou i hoomaka ai e hele mai a pau i ka nui maopopo. "Ka Westerners" - Luntz, Kaverin, Slonim - kauʻia ma luna o ka mea 'ē aʻe moʻolelo, hoike ia Huli i, "'ēheu hikina" - Zoshchenko, Sun Ivanov -ʻohana e hōʻike ola me ka poʻe motifs. Ke koena unuhi i loko o ka palapala, ai 'nā makakoho initially i i hiki ole i ka malama ana o ka hoʻohui o ka makakū a me ka launa, akā, ma lalo o ka hahau ikaika ana o kūhelu noʻonoʻo loi a me ke ola ana, a ia ia e hina no.

Manawa kahiliia "hoahanau" ma kekahi aoao, e kekahi luna koa o kēlāʻaoʻao. Luntz i ka makahiki 1924, tragically make i kakahiaka nui; Ivanov, Slonim, Nikitin lilo eager e memele aku i ka pathos o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni paio; Tikhonov a Fedin hope ku kula kiʻekiʻe 'ia i nā hana i loko o ka Union o Soviet mea kākau, rigidly malama i ka aoao laina,ʻaʻole loa lakou e minamina i kekahi kuee a haalele mai. I ka, ma hope o 1946 ma lalo ikaika puʻe o ideological mākaʻi ua Zoshchenko, wale kekahi o ka "Serapion Brothers" e kākoʻo iā ia, a mālama iā ia wela ana - Veniamin Kaverin. He hope Wawahi pili me Fedin, ia ia i ka makahiki 1968 i ole ae i ka puke "Cancer Ward" Solzhenitsyn.

Hard hana a me ka makee ana i na kumu

Ma "serapionovskie" manawa o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o proletarian moʻokalaleo Maxim Gorky kaulana i kekahi o nā mea kākau loa loea o ka hanauna kaikaina - Veniamin Aleksandrovich Kaverin. "Elua nā kāpena" (1940-1945) - i ka puke, aʻano nui hookomo i ka mea kākau moʻolelo i ka inoa, - e like me ka lono, Stalin ua loa leʻaleʻa no, a me ka mea i aponoia i ka ia nā kumu kāki Kaverina i ka 1946 Stalin uku, ma hope o ke kala ana o ka lua o ka buke e pili ana i na Hawaii o Sani Grigorieva. Great hiʻona nanea "makemake" (1935-1936) a me "Open Book" (1953-1956). Iloko o ke kaua, Kaverin ua hana i loko o ka Northern'auwaʻa, no ka i ka mea i i hookoia i ka Papa Hanohano o ke Red Star.

Paha a pau keia i kōkua Kaverin loaʻa reprisals, e like me ka poe i akaaka malu i kona kaikuaʻana Leo, he nui o kona noiʻi i loko o ke kula o ka virology mālama 'ia ana i loko o ka poe hoomoana. Stalin i ka palapala e noi ana no kona hoʻokuʻu i kakauinoaia a me Kaverin. Official noʻonoʻo loi pinepine ku ma luna o ka mea kākau, e hoohewa ana i kona puke apolitical a me ka lealea.

I loko nō o kēia, ka mea kākau moʻolelo i i kumakaia manaoio. He komo i loko o ka puke o ka anthology "ka palapala, Moscow" (1956), he banned aoao oihana. Kaverin akea hōʻole e komo i loko o ka hoomaau ana o Boris Pasternak i ka 1958, haawi mai la i ka palapala ma ka malu o Sinyavsky a me Daniela, kaua no ka puke o nā puke e Mikhail Bulgakov a me Solzhenitsyn.

I ka hoʻoilina o ka mea kākau a me ka kanaka

Paha i ka oihana Aupuni ua kupono i ka lawe i kona armchair mea kākau 'aʻole ole i ka nui hopena ma luna o ka nuipa ike , a me ka kanaka manaʻo o ka poʻe heluhelu. Akā, ua he manao hiki ole ke manaoia ike loea, haawi mai i ka buke a me ka pono o ka palapala Kaverin.

"Na luna koa" wale i ka wa a ka mea kākau moʻolelo o ka ola paʻi oi ma mua o 70 manawa, a me kā lākou mau "hamama puke" Hoomau pinepine Film. Heluhelu kanaka ike i na mea e like "hoopii ia, a ma ke ahiahi ma Vasilevsky Island" (1928), "Unknown ka hoalauna" (1957), "ehiku hui o ka haumia" (1962), "menina Makuahine" (1963), "O. Senkovskiy (Baron Brambeus) "(1929, 1964)," Mamua o ke aniani "(1972) a me na mea e ae.

He mea i ke kumu o ka lehulehu pōkole moʻolelo a me nā pepa (essay), ōlaʻi i o nā keiki a ka poʻe hoʻokalakupua kaʻao. A kūikawā Trail haʻalele i kona mau Kawaipunahele, ka oi aku o ka puke "Epilogue" (1979-1989), hoʻoponoponoʻia ma luna o ka mea āna i hana a na hola hope ma mua o kona hele ana, i mai ai i loko o May 1989. Akā,ʻo kēia mau puke hiki ole hai aku ia oukou a pau e pili ana i ke ola o Veniamina Aleksandrovicha Kaverina. Ka helehelena oiaio o keia mea kākau a me ke kanaka ua ola, a me nā memoirs o ka wā makahiki ma hope, a me kona laulā o ke talena, i kaulana ma na palapala, ai 'kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me ka ano o poʻe heluhelu i koe e Loiloi i ka oiaio.