Wai koko ke kālaikūlohea. Paʻa o ka wai koko ke kālaikūlohea

Ka manawa ia i ka wai koko pili me mākou me ka mea unreal, incomprehensible, fantastic, ua lōʻihi hele. I kēia lā i kēia manaʻo ua hoʻomano i hoʻohana. Ka wai koko hoʻohana ma o ka hana. Ka loa pīhoihoi o ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka' enehana kau iho. Laʻana - kinoea hookuuia ipuʻaila, a hōʻea i ke alanui. Akā, ma ke kukui hāweo kukui mea i loaʻa. He pū i loko o ka pila kuʻihao. Ma hope o kuʻihao piʻo - o ka wai koko ua loaʻa ma ka wai koko kukui. Kekahi ke kuhikuhi aku i na mea he nui 'ē aʻe examples.

Wai koko ke kālaikūlohea - mea nui he lālā o ka 'epekema. No ia mea, ia mea pono e maopopo i ke kumu o manaÿo pili ia ia. 'O kēia ka mea o ko mākou' atikala.

Definition a me ka ano o ka wai koko

He aha ka wai koko? Hoʻoholo i loko o ke kālaikūlohea ua haawiia mai'ākeʻakeʻa. Wai koko ua kapaia o ka moku'āina o ka mea ma ka la mahope, i ka nui (puaʻa heʻa ala i ka huina helu o ka (particles)), i ka helu o ka papa (particles) (lawe) hiki a oi a emi noa e hoʻoneʻe i loko o ka waiwai. Mākou ke hoomaopopo i ka hope o ka papa kuhikuhiEʻano o ka wai koko ke kālaikūlohea. Inā na nā moku halihali mokulele no a hiki i ka (particles) o ke 'ano hoʻokahi (a o ke alo o ka hoailona o ka uku ole (particles), neutralizing ka'ōnaehana e mai i kīvila o ka hele), ka mea, ua kapaia hookahi ke keʻena. I ka mea e ku pono ana ina ia mea - two- paha multicomponent.

wai koko Hiʻona

No laila, ua e pokole wehewehe i ka manaʻo o ka wai koko. Ke kālaikūlohea - he hua'ōlelo 'epekema, no laila, me ka wehewehena i hiki ole ke hana. Ano, e hai mai e pili ana i ka papa kuhikuhiE hiʻona o kēia moku'āina o ka mea.

waiwai o ka wai koko i loko o kēia mau ke kālaikūlohea. Mua o nā mea a pau, i loko o kēia wahi ma lalo o ka hana o ka electromagnetic a koa, ua uuku, he mea holo o kaa - kaʻikena e kahe ana i loko o ia ke alanui, a me lōʻihi me kēia mau koa e ole nalo no ka mea, o ka mea loiloi o ko lākou mau kumu. No laila, i ka wai koko e ho'ōla hele i loko o ka moku'āina kahi ia mea quasi-'ākilikai. Ma nā hua'ōlelo, kona leo, he nui ka nui o ka microscopic, i 'Aʻohe kauoha. I ka lua o ka hiʻona o ka wai koko o nā i ka loa-huahelu ano o ka Coulomb a me Ampere mau koa. Ua ninoieo ma ka oiaio i ka neʻeʻana i loko o kēia moku'āina, e like me ka rula, i kekahi like ano, ke komo pū i ka nui helu o na mea i papa (particles). Mau mea i ka walaʻauʻana waiwai o ka wai koko ke kālaikūlohea. Lakou makemake e pono keia mau mea, e hoomanao.

Ua o kēia mau hiʻona e alakai ai i ka mea i wai koko ke kālaikūlohea extraordinarily waiwai a me ka nohona. Ka loa ma ko hoike ana o ka mea, o ka nanea o ka hanana o nāʻano likeʻole o nā instabilities. Ka mea, ua nui nā pilikia a hiki i ka pili ana o ka wai koko. Ke kālaikūlohea - ka 'epekema i ua mau Hawaiʻi. No laila, ka mea, ua manaolana ia i ka manawa mau nā pilikia e e eliminated.

Ka wai koko i loko o ke kinowai

Haliu ae la ia i ka ho'ākāka 'ia i kumu hoʻohālike o ka' ole ia, ua hoʻomaka ma ka noonoo wai koko subsystems ma Punk mea. Additional fluids E ke kuhikuhi kapaia wai a ke hooheheeia - lakou i mea hoike, i hoʻopili like i ka wai koko subsystem - he hookahi ke keʻena lawe wai koko electrons. Pololei olelo ana, ke i hoihoi i loko o ka waeʻano e e wahi, a me ke kinowai electrolyte, i nā moku halihali mokulele - Ion o nā hoailona. Eia naʻe, no ka kela kumu, electrolytes i hui ole ia i keia waeʻano. Kekahi o ia ninoieo i loko o ka mea ana i loko o ka electrolyte i malamalama, neʻe maila nā moku halihali mokulele e like me electrons. Nolaila, wai koko waiwai i haiia ae maluna hoʻohikiʻia me ka nui loa nawaliwali.

wai koko nā pōaka

I ka wai koko i loko o nā nā pōaka mai he kūikawā inoa - paa-moku'āina wai koko. Ma ionic nā pōaka, eia nae e haule ana na 'āhewa' ana, akā, e mau nō. Nolaila, aole he wai koko. Ma ke hooheheeia - e electrons conductivity aha i ka hoʻokahi-ke keʻena wai koko. Kona kauoha ua compensated ma ka paʻa kauoha (oi kaʻoi loa, hikiʻole e neʻe no ka lōʻihi mamao) Ion.

Ka wai koko i loko o semiconductors

Noonoo pono i ka paʻa o ka wai koko ke kālaikūlohea, ka mea e e kaulana i loko o semiconductors ke kulana mea oi like. Pokole i emi iho ia. OCP no kēia mau waiwai ke'ākoʻakoʻa ina e komo ia i loko o ka pili impurities. Inā ka huikala hoopuni E lūlū mai electrons (nā mea hāʻawi), a laila, loaʻa nō N-type nā moku halihali mokulele - electrons. Inā ka huikala, ma ka Akä, hoopuni ohi electrons (acceptors), a laila, loaʻa nō pa-type nā moku halihali mokulele - lua (ipu hakahaka ma ka puunaue ana o electrons), i hoi me (particles) me ka maikaʻi kauoha. Ka mau-ke keʻena wai koko ua hanaʻia e electrons a me ka lua ia lŘlŘ ma semiconductors i maʻalahi alanui. No ka laʻana, ka mea, ke hele mai ma lalo o ka hana o ka pumping malamalama, bombarded me electrons, mai ka valence bana i ka conduction koa. E noke ia ma lalo o kekahi mau rula, electrons a me ka lua i o Laielohelohe i kekahi i kekahi, e hana i ka nakinaki aku la ia wahi, i like loa me ka hydrogen'Ātoma, - he exciton, a ina o ka EII ni ka nui a me ka pa apŘ o excitons mea nui, ka mea, Blend pu, e lilo i kekahi kulu o ka huina'ine-hole wai. I kekahi manawa, keia ano ua noʻonoʻo i ka hou ana o ka mea.

kinoea ionization

Mau examples i kapa i kekahi manawa o ka wai koko moku'āina a me ka wai koko i loko o ke gula palapala ua kapaia ionized kinoea. Ma kona ionization hiki i nui aʻe: ka uila kahua (ke kinoea hookuuia, he thunderstorm), ka luminous koko (photoionization), hookeai huna (ka pāhawewe o radioactive kumu, cosmic kukuna, a i ua hamama ae a me ka pii degere o ionization o ke kiʻekiʻe). Naʻe, i ka papa kuhikuhiE ololi o ka paio hahana maoli nō o ke kinoea (thermal ionization). Ma keia hihia, ke kaawale o electrons mai ka'Ātoma hiki aku ai collide me nā kinoea (particles) hope ka lawa kinetic ikehu ma muli o ke ana wela kiʻekiʻe.

High-ka mahana a me ka haʻahaʻa-wela wai koko

Low-wela wai koko ke kālaikūlohea - i kekahi mea me a mākou i hele mai i loko o hui 'i kela lā. 'O kekahi mau rula i e ka lapalapa, o ka waiwai i loko o ke kinoea hookuuia a me ka uila, acee? Iuo oeiia o ke anu wai koko makahiki (ionosphere a magnetosphere kŘhele a me ka hoku), i ka hana waiwai i loko o ka likeʻole oaoieei-manao maalea (MHD nā mīkini uila, wai koko kiko'ī, burners, a no laila, ma luna o. N.) . Ano he kumu hoʻohālike o ka wela wai koko - (. Tokamak, kukuna manaʻo, a me ka mea nana i ulana i hoʻomākaukauʻia AL) hokuʻia ma nā kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao o ko lākou evolution, koe wale no i kamalii a me ka wa elemakule, e hana ana i loli ma nenoai o ka lāʻau nukelea kuʻi nukeliu.

Eha moku'āina o ka mea

Ka hapalua o ke kenekulia aku nei, he nui physicists a me chemists manaoio aku i ka mea ninoieo o nā'ātoma a me nā lātoma. Ka mea, i hui ma ka hui pu ana me kekahi loa kāna hana a oi a emi kauoha. Ua Ua manaoio ia, he ekolu kūlana - gaseous, wai a me ka paa. Waiwai lawe ia ma lalo o ka aoao o ka mawaho aku ana.

Currently, nae, ua hiki ke olelo ia, he 4 Hawaii o ka mea. I wai koko hiki e manao like me ka hou, ha. Kona koena unuhi mai ka Punk (paa a me ka wai) hākālia nō ninoieo i loko o ka mea ia ia, e like me ke kinoea i ole wale i ka ako i elasticity, akā, i paa iho ka leo. Ma ka kekahi lima, i like me ka wai koko Punk moku'āina imua o pōkole huahelu mea, oa. E. mea hoʻopili kūlana a me ka haku mele 'ana o na (particles) me ke kokoke wai koko kauoha. Ma keia hihia, ua i ua loaʻa ia i kekahi mea hoʻopili e intermolecular a me Coulomb kaua: i kaʻoihana pushes aku i ka hookahi inoa me ia iho, a pulls i ka lua '' āhewa 'ana.

wai koko ke kālaikūlohea ia iā mākou pokole nānā '. Keia kumuhana He loa kaumaha, no laila, ua hiki wale'ōlelo e pili ana i nā mea a mākou i wehe aʻe ia kona kumu. wai koko ke kālaikūlohea, oiaio hewaʻiʻo hou noonoo.