Web-lako - e Aloha ... 'ano o ka papa kuhikuhiE nā polokalamu kele pūnaewele i loko o Rusia

Web-lako - he polokalamu i kekahi laekahi PC hoʻohana a lawe lima kūlana kiʻekiʻe hoʻohana aneane kela lā. Ia manawa, i 'ano like pāʻoihana lakou no ka His a hiki no IT-Oihana. ʻO paakiki i ka manaoio, akā, he mau manawa, i ka wa o ka 'pūnaewele' global ulana pukapuka, ano, ua Hoamakeikekula ka Honua, akā,ʻaʻohe lako i ole nei. I kēia lā, o ka papa, pūnaewele-lako - keia mea he OAXA ke keʻena o ka lako polokalamuʻaneʻane kekahi kamepiula. Nā manaʻo hoʻoholo o kēiaʻano - ōlaʻi. Pehea e ka mea oko? He aha nō ka loa paahao kaulana mōʻaukala kūʻiʻo, hōʻikeʻana i ka muli o nā polokalamu kele pūnaewele? A IT-lama i mau alakaʻi i loko o ka ulu ana o ia mau pāʻoihana?

He aha mea he "lako"?

Lako - He polokalamu no ka nana ana i Web palapala (ana aia ma luna o kikowaena, i loko o ka Internet) - he kūikawāʻano o nā palapala i kākau 'ia ma hypertext hoʻonohonoho' ōlelo - HTML. I ka papa kuhikuhiE Pahuhopu o kēia mau papahana - pololei iaia algorithms, i loko iho ma ka HTML a me ka hōʻike 'ia nei i nā mea a pau a me ka mea kiʻi kuhia kikokikona oihana mua o ka "Web" ma o ka hoʻohana ka paku e like me ka mea ua hapai ia e na kanaka haku o ka paena, akamai, programmers.

I keia la, i ka lako market ua poe e he nui helu o nā pāʻoihana. A no ia - ke ao nei alakaʻi? I nā papahana he ka loa mua? He aia kekahi mawaena o na alakai ana ma ke ao nei makeke o nā polokalamu kele pūnaewele Lūkini huahana?

Lako mama hana mea hou i hana muaʻole

E like me ka hapanui akamai o IT-poepoe, o ka honua ka mua Web lakoʻikeʻia i loko o ka makahiki 1990. A laila, i ka programmer, Tim Berners-Lee kuu i ka mail app hiki ike kauoha i kākau i loko o ka HTML 'ōlelo, a me ka unuhi' ia i loko o kikokikona a hou Kimia hehee wale e hōʻike 'ia ma luna o ka pale. Kēia polokalamu Ua kapaia "lako".

Tim Berners-Lee i hana ma CERN - kekahi o nā keʻena hoʻokolohua loa kaulana i loko o ke ao nei, Hana me ka ke kālaikūlohea o'ātoma (particles). He loaʻa i i ke aupuni 'o wahi likeʻole o ka hui i ka kamepiula' ē aʻe holo ma lalo o ka ole o ka loa lea palapala mail kŘkohu. CERNʻepekema nele i na waiwai i makemake ae mai e koke huli i ka makemake 'ike i kekahi Logical hoʻololi ma waena o ka kikokikonaʻikepili o nāʻokoʻa AEIU. A laila, Tim hāpai i ka pāʻoihana: e hoʻonohonoho i ka palapala ma luna o ka loina o "hypertext",ʻikeʻia i loko o ka 70s.

Ma ka manawa i nā programmers hoomaka e hoʻomaopopo i kona invented ka manaʻo (ka mea, ua 1989), i ka Internet ua mua, e hohola a puni ka honua hoʻomaka 'ana. Tim hoʻoholo ihola e ho okumu enehana mea e hiki ai i ka wehe ana oʻikepili Via ka hypertext ole wale loko o CERN mea ulana pukapuka, a me ka oi global waihona - ma waena o kamepiula 'ē aʻe "World akea Web".

I ka makahiki 1990, Tim Berners-Lee i hana mai i kekahi kūikawā hypertext hoʻonohonoho 'ōlelo (i kapaʻia HTML - Hyper Text hoʻonohonoho Language). Soon, i palapala mai ai i ka polokalamu e leie aku oe i ka "unuhi" HTML-palapala i loko o akaka kikokikona. Lako, hana ma Tim, a kapa aku la i ka Nexus, ua nui loa na mea:ʻo ia hana no ka hoʻohāiki 'i ka hōʻike' ia nei o wale palapala a me nā helu. Ke hana nei au i ka polokalamu hoomauia colleague Tim, Robert Kailliagu, ho okumu i kekahi mau mea hou wale nō o ka pāʻoihana. hoomaka Program polokalamu kele pūnaewele, e hōʻike ma lalo o kekahiʻano o nā paepae ai, a me ka ho onui ana hiʻona o Windows.

Polokalamu kele pūnaewele, no ka Windows

Ka honua ka mua polokalamu kele pūnaewele,ʻikeʻia, no laila, i loko o ke kakahiaka nui o 90 ka, ma ka wanaao o ka global anoe? Aiey o OS Windows (hope ka loa hanohano pae'ōnaehana'ōnaehana ma ka Honua). No kekahi manawa polokalamu lōʻihi no ka hoonohonoho hou ana i hypertext 'ike ma luna o ka Internet ma Windows ole ua. Akā, i ka haule ana o ka 1992 i ka kime o programmers, mai ka hui Amelika i ka mea lako NCSA Mosaic, hiki no ke hoʻohana ma lalo o ka mana o ka OS mai Microsoft. Soon na haku polokalamu o keia palapala noi waihona ipu, a me ka hookaawale anaina, e kuai i ka hou huahana - Netscape. Kēia polokalamu kele pūnaewele (e like me mua) i, ma ka rula, a pau nā hiʻona i hele mai me kona counterparts i loko o mākou manawa: nānaina kikokikona formatted ma kekahi alanui, nā kiʻi a me nā kumu o ka Web palapala. No hoi, ka mea, uaʻaneʻane ka keia kumu o ka pāʻana o like ma ka laekahi lako helu wahi hookolokolo, .. ka "aku" pihi, "hoʻi", etc. ke kumu kivila o kekahi o na wale nō o Mosaic kuai e Microsoft, a ma ka hapalua like '90s hana lākou polokalamu no ka Kele i ka pūnaewele puni honua - InternetʻImi Loa (a IE). A, ma ka mana o ka Windows prevalence, ua ka mea kaulana i loko o ke ao nei pāʻoihana no na makahiki. Akā, ma ka hopena o 90 ka - i kakahiaka nui 2000 ka hoomaka e hōʻike hou nā polokalamu kele pūnaewele, like me ka holomua Competition mai Microsoft? Ia? Aiiu. I kēia lā, IE - mea ole hou ka undisputed alakaʻi i loko o kona Hoʻohana (eia nae kona hiʻona mea, o ka papa, i no loa kiʻekiʻe).

I makahiki i ka wa a ke kuai nei i hoomaka ae la kona wā kamaliʻi lako e hōʻike i kekahiʻano o nā pāʻoihana e hoʻokō lākou functionality. I ka poe i nāʻano likeʻole o Anati-mea hoʻomaʻi modules. Ma mau, i ka 1996 o ka Lūkini poe "Kauka Web" Ua ulu i kū hoʻokahi, e like me na mea he nui akamai, pāʻoihana.

Kēia mea he Anati-mea hoʻomaʻi Module Dr. Web polokalamu kele pūnaewele. Kēia mea kökua ka apono 'mea hoʻohana e nānā AEIU no ka maʻiʻaʻai ma ka Pau online palapala. Ka polokalamu Lūkini, e like me ka manaoio nui akamai, ua ka prototype o ka "ao" mea pale mū holapū enehana, ho onui wale hiʻona i keia la.

nā kānaka hoʻokūkū 'o ia hoʻi

Mawaena o ka loa holomua pāʻoihana, a ua lilo i kekahi koho no InternetʻImi Loa - Opera, Google Chrome (ina ua kamailio e pili ana i global ahi), Yandex-lako (o Lūkini papahana). Aie i ka mea i ma hope o ka global hiʻona o pilikino kamepiula 'ē aʻe hoomaka ae la e imi i lawe lima nā Hāmeʻa, eia no hoi kekahiʻano o nā polokalamu kele pūnaewele, a me na ia. Ma 'ana, ka IOS-anuu - ka mea, Aloha Puffin polokalamu. About pehea ka mea, i kēia mau polokalamu kele pūnaewele, a pau, a me kā lākou mau papa kuhikuhiE hiʻona, mākou e kūkākūkā.

Google Chrome

Google Chrome lako - kekahi o ka loa hanohano i loko o ke ao nei i keia la. Eia naʻe, kona global alakaʻi mea e kahaha ko oukou naau laekahi IT-mākaukau. Kēia polokalamu kele pūnaewele Ua hana kekahi Google, a i mua ma ka manawa-i-market polokalamu (Akuma ka 2008) e kiʻi i ke kūlana o ka global IT-kanaka nunui. I ka wā e hiki mai ka pomaikai o ka pāʻoihana ua, poe akamai i manaʻo, he mea o ka manawa. I ka Ia manawa hoopuka ia ma ka Google-lako i kaumaha aku i ka honua i ka hailona o ia palapala. He ua hiki ke lilo okoa mai ka nouanoao? I ia manawa hoʻokoe (e like me, no kekahi laʻana, Opera, Mozilla Firefox).

Ka loa hoihoi 'o ia Google alakai no ka lōʻihi manawa iʻaʻole i manaʻo e pili ana e pili ana lako-kuni poʻe. Man- akia Inc manaoio i ka makeke no kēia 'ano o ka polokalamu i loihi, ua māheleʻia. New nā polokalamu kele pūnaewele, aole lakou i manaoio aku, i ke ao nei market, eʻae. Kēlā me kēia mea hoʻohana ua wae mai no oia ia ia iho i punahele pāʻoihana, akā, no ka mea, aole e ole Pahuhopu kumu no ka mea koho i haawiia mai ia ia, mai ka polokalamu Google. A, he mau mea e hopohopo nei e pili ana i ka hiki ole o ka polokalamu kele pūnaewele. Kēia e ku i ka na hao kūlana.

Naʻe, i loko o kahi i hoʻomoana ai o ka hui, he mau enthusiasts ka poe i hoʻoholo - "Google" E e hana-polokalamu kele pūnaewele. No ka huahana kūpono 'ana, i ka poe i hoolimalimaia i ka maikaʻi hana akamai. A wahi'ē aʻe akā, mai ka Mozilla poe, ua ulu kekahi o ka maikaʻi i ka manawa polokalamu kele pūnaewele. E like me ka hopena, ua loaa i ka pāʻoihana, a ua pau na manawa o global pomaikai. Google Chrome lako ua kuu ahaaina no na maka: mālamalama, oluolu i ka hana, e hoʻokēʻai ai, a he nani nō ma ka hua'ōlelo o ka manao i ike global IT-ke kaiāulu, a, oi importantly, he nui nā mea hoʻohana i ka Ekahi. Ka mua mana o ka "Chrome" ua no ka Windows. Akā, mua i ka 2009, uaʻaha kanaka lako, akamai, e hana ma lalo o Linux a me MacOS.

Chrome: hoʻokomo kālā i loko o kbps

E like me ka makou i olelo luna, he nui o IT-poe akamai i manaoio i ka polokalamu kele pūnaewele "Chrome" mai Google liloʻana pili kēia i ke kulana o ka mea haku polokalamu. Kālā pōmaikaʻi Inc, e like me ka poe akamai, hoʻoholo i ka lani kiekie loa e like ai polokalamu. I loko nō o ka mea i keia wahi o Hawaii, he mau hoa paio, he nui kūʻiʻo i hōʻike 'ana i waiwai kūʻai kūpono Google hoʻokani i ke kūlana nui i loko o ka pomaikai o kāu polokalamu kele pūnaewele.

Nui paha ia e hoole ana i ka poe i hoʻonohonoho i ke kai eʻe, e kuhikuhi vulnerabilities i loko o ka polokalamu. I kekahi o ua poe la Google kumu hoʻomalu i ka uku o ka nui o ka puu dala i ka IT-hoʻomalu o ka i loaʻa nui mai o ka wahi o ka Hawaii o ka mālama 'ia hoʻi i loko o flaws kona lako ohana ka palekana o ka'ōnaehana pūnaewele. Ma kekahi hihia ka mea, ua ka e auaaeaiea o miliona o na dala ma ka paipai aʻo kai eʻe. Other poe-haku polokalamu o like pāʻoihana ia hoʻolimalima, poe akamai i aku nei au, i hiki ole. O ka ihu, ua makemake na moho no ka "uku" ia e hackers mai a puni ka honua. Ka mea wawahi i loko o ka 'ohana ka palekana'ōnaehana, a i lako pono me ka Google-lako i loko o ka polokalamu mana, a ua haʻiʻia iā ia ma hoʻi no kālā ka uku, lako polokalamu? Acaeoey poʻe ma luna o ko ka mea i hana ia. O ka holo ana, i hoopii ma lalo o ke kānāwai, i ka wa ia i ole (eia nae hacking, e like me ka makou i ike, hewa). Alaila, ma ka hope hoʻokolohua o ka polokalamu kele pūnaewele "Chrome" Ua hua mai la i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o "hawele iho" vulnerabilities. i hiki ole mahalo i mea hoʻohana kēia, poe akamai i manaoio. No ke aha la Google ka polokalamuʻikeʻia ma luna o ka ulu helu o nā kamepiula 'ē aʻe a puni ka honua.

A he nui na mea hoʻohana, "Google" nani-lako ua,ʻaʻole no ka nui loa no o ka palekana, ao ke ano, e like me ka hiki i ka laconic a me ka loa kaila manao, mea ole typical o ka hapanui o nā 'ano like pāʻoihana. Ma ka aka, he nui ua ho'āʻo e like ai o Google, e like me ka poe akamai, "i ka ukana lā" kā lākou papahana o ka helu ana o kekahi mau hana. A, e like me ka mea huli mai, au eʻaʻole anei e pono ai i nā mea hoʻohana (a hiki ke lilo i ka loa " 'ūlōlohi mai ana" nenoaiu).

Kūʻiʻo e pili ana i Chromium

Google mea oluolu i ke ao nei IT-haku polokalamu,ʻaʻole wale nō kona iho lako, akā, no hoi ma ka mea i ke kuai i hookuu i ke 'ano kū hoʻokahi huahana - Chromium. He mea no hoi i kekahi polokalamu no ka nana ana i Webʻaoʻao. E i ae no, e like me ka hiki ke hoʻomaopopo mai i ke consonance me ka papa kuhikuhiE lako, kokoke loa i ka mea technologically. Akā, i ke koena unuhi o, a me ia mea nui. Chrome lako - Google ka papa kuhikuhiE huahana iwaena o like pāʻoihana. Ua AIM e hoʻolako i ka kalepa pono o ka huakai. Nui o ka 'ike pili a me kona ulu ana, poe akamai i aku nei au, ua paa. Ke Chromium, ma ka huli - mai ka hamama kumu pūnaewele-polokalamu kele pūnaewele. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi i ka mea,ʻaneʻane mai a puni ka honua ke waiwai a pau programmers.

Chromium me he okoa lako, e like me kekahi poe akamai, i emi iki mahope o ka functionality i kona "hoahanau". Eia naʻe, e like me ka manaʻo akamai, keia mea e kahaha ko oukou naau. Palena iki "piha-manawa" hiʻona - oi ku okoa ana no kaʻike hoʻokumu kolu-aoao haku polokalamu. Akā, i ke kumu o hoʻohana hana i loko o nā polokalamu kele pūnaewele, mai Google (like hoʻi me ka poʻe hana ma nā programmers ka nānā 'ana ma luna o Chromium) o ka ia. I ka papa kuhikuhiEʻanoʻenehana pono i ho'ākāka 'ia i ka Chrome, o kekahi ma ka Chromium - i ka mämä holo o ka hana, ke akahai o ka mau' a me ka hooponopono ana.

Open kahi, a haawi aku i ke ao nei i ka haku polokalamu o ka Google, predestined helehelena o ka helu nui o nā polokalamu kele pūnaewele, hoopukaia ma muli o Chromium. Ka mea, e ia kekahi mau inoa (ka mea, hoʻonoho like me ka staunch ka loaʻaʻana o kekahi i kekahi), akā, ma ka mea, o ka kekahi, a me ka ia anuu. Ma kekahi, ua pono-ike Lūkini poʻe, e like Mail a me Yandex kōkua ma muli o kā lākou mau lako ua nānā 'ana ma luna o Chromium.

Opera lako: Scandinavian hakaka i ka honua nā alakaʻi

I ke kakahiaka nui 90 ka mau Norewai programmer Jon Stephenson av Tetzchner a me Geir Ivars callers hana i loko o kekahi o nā manaʻo nui loa kele'ōlelo hui. I ka makahiki 1993, ke ehuehu o me ka hana i loko o ke alo o ia - e ho okumu i ka paena o ko lākou mau hui. Lakou i hana ai i kēia,, koke naʻe i loaʻa i ka loa hanohano olelo hooholo i ka manawa - Mosaic - mea,ʻaʻole loa e pono no ka hōʻike mai i nā palapala pūnaewele. I loko nō o ka mea e hiki laila, he mau hou i loko o ke ao nei mai o nā polokalamu kele pūnaewele i ke hoʻololi i ia i kekahi koho no Mosaic, Jon a me Geir hoʻoholo i ka mea e ho okumu i kekahi polokalamu i hiki ke hana me ka hou pūnaewele palapala pololei. Ka mua mana o ka palapala noi iʻikeʻia i loko o ka ia 1993. Ka polokalamu Ua kapaia MultiTorg Opera, a hoʻohana 'ia wale nō no ka pono o ka poe-haku hana Jon a me Geir. Akā, i ka makahiki ma hope, aia i kekahi polokalamu kele pūnaewele ke hoʻololi i ia i recognizable ano ma ka planetary pālākiō. Ka inoa Ua loa aie mai ka mua pāʻoihana. Ke hou lako ua wehewehe aku, e like me ka poe akamai, i ka palena iki hokii o ka'ōnaehana pūnaewele kumu waiwai. He nui IT-akamai o kēlā mau makahiki i wānana i ka global hiʻona o ka polokalamu.

I ka 1995, Jon a me Geir hoʻokumu i kona mau poe - Opera Nokia LIKE. Kela manawa, i ka 1996, ua he polokalamu hana ma lalo o ka hou hao inoa - Opera 2.0. E like me ke akamai o ia mau makahiki, i ka lako Makuakane me kona hana o ka palapala pūnaewele ka poe ola, Start. Soon ua ke kolu "Opera". Internet lako ka manawa, e like me na mea he nui IT-hoʻomalu, a me nā mea a pau hoʻokahuli aupuni - ia, ma ka nui, ua lilo i mea hiki ke hana i kekahi nunui-puka makani 'ano paha i loko. ¶ A i loko o ka polokalamu i ua hoʻokō ola auto-a maona ma ka pūnaewele ano, waiwai nui maluhia Hola Pūnaewele hoʻokō. I ka ha o ka mana o ka polokalamu kele pūnaewele ikea ka hookaawale e-mail Client.

I ka 2000 au i ike ai i ka malamalama mana o "Opera" ma Lūkini. Over o ka makahiki, i ka Norewai lako ua mau hou. Ua kēia manawa, a laila, he hou hiʻona a me ka hana. Ma kekahi, mana 8,0, i paʻiʻia ma ka 2005, ua he leo mana. I mau ka hoʻololi 'ana o ka polokalamu i hoʻokō palapala kumu hoʻohālikelike a (e like me, no kekahi laʻana, "paging iole"). A pono mana o ka Opera lako i hanaia no ka Linux, MacOS. Loa Popular ua lawe lima hoʻokolohua o ka polokalamu.

Lako "Opera", e like me ka manaoio poe akamai, hemolele Hōʻike 'o ka pono o ka manawa ia o ka punaewele ua kokoke lohi (a ina lakou e hookeai ai, a laila, loa pipiʻi) kamepiula' ē aʻe loa kanaka - i oi hoʻomāhuahua ai. Ke kiʻekiʻe, ka mea online, Kanal ana, a mahuahua nui, ho'ēmi i kā ka lilo ana o ke kula i mea. Ua lilo immeasurably nui ikaika kamepiula 'ē aʻe. A no ka mea nui mōʻaukala pomaikai o ka polokalamu kele pūnaewele - māmā aaioee o ka palapala pūnaewele - ua oki ia e ai nui. Mau poe akamai i wehewehe i ka mea i Opera i keia la o ka makeke kulana mamao mai ke kēpau. Naʻe, ka mea e ke kaulana, ma Rusia i kēia polokalamu kele pūnaewele - i waena o ka loa hanohano (e like me kekahi mau kumu, ma kahi o 15% o ka Internet mea hoʻohana ma o ka Russian Hui i makemake i ka Norewai polokalamu).

Lako mai "Yandex"

Ka poe "Yandex" - kekahi o ka loa recognizable Lūkini IT-lama i loko o ke ao nei. Ano ka mea, o Rusia ka lua search engine, kekahi o ka loa hanohano eke leta a me ka nūhou lawelawe. Ma kamepiula 'ē aʻe o na mea he nui Lūkini mea hoʻohanaʻaoʻao "Yandex" - i ka nui. I ka makahiki 2010 i ka ahakanaka kuu kona iho Web polokalamu kele pūnaewele. Na Kekahi Mau 'o ka olelo hooholo, iʻikeʻia ma luna o ka makeke, i noho i loko o kokoke hoʻohui' ia me kuni lawelawe "Yandex" - .. Search engine, leka uila, palapala ukali, etc. Yandex-lako hopohopo nui mea hoʻohana ke hiki, e haawi aku i kekahi mau manaʻo kōkua e hōʻeleu i loaa i ke koi 'ikepili. He nui na mea nani mau ', ae mahalo i ka pono o ka'ōnaehana.

Hiki paha ke'ōlelo e ka hana pūnaewele pūnaewele i haku'ia e Yandex he 100% Ho'omohala Russian? 'A'ohe. Ho'onohonoho'ia ka papahana ma luna o ka wae kumu kumu Chromium, ho'āla piha'ia i nā'oihana IT ma kēia ao holo'oko'a. E like me kā mākou i'ōlelo ai ma luna, hiki i kekahi mea ke hana i kahi polokalamu kele pūnaewele ma luna o ia ('oia'i'o,'o ia ka mea e hana nei. I kēia mau haneli, inā'a'ole nā tausani,'o nā papa inoa a'ike'ole'ia no ka'imi'ana i ka pūnaewele e ho'okumu'ia ma muli o Chromium). No laila, he mea pono e mahalo (i ka ho'oemi'ana i nā pono o ka hui "Yandex") -'o ka mea nui i ka puka'ana o ka mea'ike kaulana Russian ma Google.

Puffin: iOS polokalamu kele pūnaewele

I ka hapalua o ka makahiki 2000, ua ho'omaka'ia nā loea pūnaewele e kaulana i ka honua. 'O kekahi o nā mea hana akamai i kēia māhele,'o ia'o Apple, i ho'oku'u'ia i kahi mau laina o nā polokalamu e lawelawe nei i kahi pūnaewele hana mana - iOS. Ma lalo o kēia pū'ali (me nā mea ho'okūkū - Android, Windows Mobile, a me nā mea'ē a'e), ua ho'oku'u'ia nā pūnaewele hou mai nā hui kumulā'au alaka'i honua. Opera, Google a me nā hui i kaulana'ē a'e i hana i nā hanana e like me nā'ōpili Apple. I ka manawa like, me kēia mau hanana, ua lilo ka Pu'u Pūnaewele Puffin i mea kaulana loa. He aha nā'ano o kēia polokalamu?

'O ke kūlana o ka pūnaewele iOS ke'ano'ole ia e kāko'o i kekahi o nā'enehana'enehana loloa i kaulana ma ka honua - Flash. No kēia kumu, ka nui o nā pūnaewele, nā mea i kūkulu'ia ma luna o kēia kūlana, hiki ke hō'ike'ia ma nā polokalamu mai ka Apple'a'ole pololei. Ua lilo i ka Puffin pūnaewele kahi hopena i ho'āla'ia e ma'alahi ai nā mea ho'ohana o nā'ōnaehana iOS e hana i kahi'oihana e pili ana i ka nānā'ana i nā wahi i kahi o Flash. Nā'ike a me nā mea ho'ohana i ho'ā'o i kēia polokalamu, e kūkā kama'ilio e pili ana i ke'ano holo'oko'a. 'O ka hana nui, i hā'awi'ia i ka polokalamu kele pūnaewele - pā'ani i nā pūnaewele flash, ua hana maika'i'ia.