Yak-9: 'ano a me ka e like me ka analogues

Yak-9 - kinai-bomber, ua hoopuka ia ma ka Soviet Union mai ka 1942 a hiki i 1948. Ua Ua hoʻomohalaʻia nā lālā o ka Tupolev Design Buro, a lilo iho la ia i ka loa papakaukau Soviet kinai ma ke kahua kaua o ke Kaua Honua II. I ka makahiki eono o? Iecaianoaaiiuo i kūkulu aneane 17.000 kope. I kēia mau lā mākou e aʻo ana i ke aloha i na ano o keia kükohu i lilo ai holomua.

Mōʻaukala o ka Yak-9 kinai

Kēia mokulele i ka hopena o ka Yak-7 modernization a oi OOAOAaXUEIE Yak-1. Mai ka oiai o ka manao, ia mea he hoonui ae i hoʻokolohua o Yak-7. Externally, ka Yak-9 Uaʻaneʻane'ālike i kona, hoʻokomo, akā, i ole ia ka mea, ua oi hemolele. Ka wā e pili ana mokulele akamai hoʻohana aneane elua-makahiki ka hoao ana i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiuo a me ka hakakā ka hanaʻino o ka Yak-1 kŘkohu. Eia hou, i ka manawa o ka hanaia ana o ka hou mokulele poʻe akamai i ka manawa i lehulehu hoʻohana duralumin ma mua i ka mua o ke kaua, ka wā Soviet ka hana i nele i loko o keia mea. E ho ohana i duralumin e haawi ana me ka nui loa emi ka nui 'ole. Eo kilograms nā kānakaʻenehana hiki ke hoʻohana 'e hoʻonui i ka wahie i lako, ka mea hoʻonoho o nā mea kaua nui mana a oi like kūikawā lako a pan.

Kinai Yak-9 ua he hoike oiaio nana e kokua mai Soviet Air Max iloko o ka Apana o ke Kaua Honua. I ka makahiki 1944, i kēia mīkini i ua hoʻohana ma kekahi mau wale nō a me ka mea mua ma ka helu o nā kope o nā mea a pau i ka poʻe kaua a pau ma ia manawa i ka hana me ka Soviet Union. Just hoi i noonoo ai: i ka Novosibirsk kanu helu 153 no ka lā e paka 20 o kēia mau mokulele! Ma waho o kēia hana, kinai hua mai ma Moscow kanu № 82 a me Omsk kanu № 166.

Ka mokulele i kuleana i loko o nā hana o ke Soviet Air Max, e hoomaka ana me ka kaua o Stalingrad. A pau wale nō o ke kinai (a he ka hailona) he maikaʻi holo a me ka oaoieei ano, a ua devoid o kekahi hana ana mā i i ulia. Ma keia hihia, no ka mokulele manao ua nui loa na mea a hakuloli i kokololio? Iecaianoaaiiuo ma wartime. Kokoke ana i na mea no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka hana ma-paena anaina kanaka a pau.

mea i manao ai

Me Kinohi Yak-9 kinai i loaa Hawaii M a me ka hoʻohewa-105PF VISH-61P. Ke prototype no keia kumu hoʻohālike i mālama ai i ka Yak-7DI. I kaʻokoʻa ma waena o ka hou ho, mai ka precursor i: ka nui o ka wahie, hoemi ia mai ka 500 a hiki i 320 kg; i ka helu o ka wahie poʻina nalu, hoemiia mai ka 4 a hiki i 2; lako hou i ka aila hoemi ia mai 50 a hiki i 30 kg; wa e kaawale aku pōkā pahū i hoowalania iho ai no mawaho mai paha hopeʻia.

Mai ka wahi o ka Hawaii o nā mea kaua, Yak-9 i ole oko mai kona, hoʻokomo, kekahi ShVAK pū me hoʻokahi pu WCD. Ma muli o ka haahaa? Iecaianoaaiiuo hae, a emi stringent mana o ka pūkaʻina? Iecaianoaaiiuo o ka mokulele, i hoohalikeia me ke kala ana o ka hoao ana i ka, holo ke kaupaonaʻana kŘkohu mahuahua i 2870-2875 kg.

Soviet kinai Yak-9 maneuvered pono, a he mea paakiki ole e hana. Ma ke kaua ma luna o nā verticalsʻo ia ke hele i ka huelo o kaʻenemi Mu-109F literally ma hope o ka huli mua. Ma ke kaua ma luna o nā horizontals no ka likeʻoihana kaʻa ua lawa 3-4 'ana e haʻalele.

I ke kauwela o 1943, ma muli o ka nele i ka? Acaeoey o enehana hana, mau kaa i ka lele wāwahi i ka laau paneling o ka'ēheu. Ua eliminated ia mā me ka mea, e loaʻa mai ma kūikawā hui o nā kānakaʻenehana. Ma ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka hope ka hoʻololi 'ana o ka Yak-9 kinai, i ka loiloi' ana i ua hāʻawiʻia ma lalo nei, i ka pilikia ua pau eliminated.

hakakā ana

Ua haawiia i ke alo o ka mua Yak-9 ikaika ma ka hope o ka 1942, a i kekahi i loko o ke kaua o Stalingrad. I ka 1943, iloko o ka mea mua nui deliveries, ka mea iʻike i ka helu o ka flaws i i ua eliminated mua o ka Kursk kaua ma ka mālama 'ana i na luina - ka mua, i loko i ka poʻe kaua o ka kükohu ia i loko o ka nui helu. Ma ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ke kaua Yak-9, ma ka hou ana i ka Yak-1 a me Yak-7 hoʻohana 5 kinai mokulele moku, kekahi o i i na kiai. I ka pau ana o Iulai 1943 ma ka Kursk Bulge hele 11th Air mau pūʻali, a oia no ekolu regiments o ka Yak-9.

ʻO ka mea mua Honolulu hakakā, ua lilo i mea akaka i ka Yak-9 ua pono ka lāʻau, a maneuvered, akā, i ka mämä holo a me ka armament oia conceded mokulele Bf 109G, a me FW 190A.

Version o ka Yak-9T loaa qualitative superiority ma luna o ke kumu mai o ka wahi o ka Hawaii o ka mea kaua. E like me ka 'ikepili helu hōʻike-YAK 9 lilo ma luna o kekahi pioʻenemi pelane awelike caliber lele 20 147 mm o, a me Yak-9T - 37 o 31-mm o lele. Kekahi o na regiments mua ua kahikoia lakou Yak-9T i ka 133rd GIAP. Mokulele, mākaukau me ka 37-millimeter pū kani ahi, ua ua hoʻohana ana, a hiki i kaʻenemi e kahiko ai kaa a me na moku.

Hana o ke kinai pelane ma ka maoli hakakā Yak-9 hōʻike i ka mea ulu ma ka wahie na lako i loko o ka hapanui hihia impractical. Oi wahie ka ballast i loaʻa he ino ia ma luna o ka survivability o ka mīkini. No ia mea, cantilever poʻina nalu pinepine paa me kuʻina koʻo. Aka hoi, ua he pono, e hoʻonui i ka holo huahelu i loko o kekahi mau Episode o ke kaua. No laila, i loko o August makahiki 1944, i ka pae ana o 12 mokulele kēia o ka Yak-9DD pu ma ka waiwai Kekoa, mai Italia a hiki i Yugoslavia. Eia hou, ua lawe mai ka Yak-9DD e alakaʻi iā Bombers iloko o "Frentik" ana i ka makahiki 1944.

No ka December makahiki 1944 Yak-9B ho kaua i loko o ka 130 la ALOHA HAWAII Māhele, ke hoʻohana ma lalo o ka Apana Byelorussian Front. A kiʻekiʻe-ala Yak-9PD i hoolilo i na mea kaua wahi Moscow VOP. I October makahiki 1944ʻo ia i kona Debut ma ke kahua kaua Yak-9U ALOHA HAWAII - ia i komo hana me ka 163rd ALOHA HAWAII Regiment, ke hoʻohana i loko o ka Baltic States. Ke pelane ia manaʻo i kaʻoi hakakā Loaʻaʻia ulu ÷ Yak-9. I loko o nā mahina o ka ikea ai,ʻo ia i komo i loko o 18 kaua, pana ia 28 kinai me FW 190A, a hoʻokahi Bf 109G. I ka mea ia manawa, he elua wale nalowale Soviet mīkini.

I ka wā o ka Great Patriotic War hala i loko o ka pae hope, ke kinai Yak-9, na ano o ka a i mau holomua, ua lilo kekahi o ka papa kuhikuhiE Soviet ikaika. Kēia kūlana ka mea, hoopaa iho la i loko o ka kakahiaka postwar makahiki. Ma September 1946, ma luna o ka mokulele kŘkohu Yak-9 hoike no ka 31% o ka haku mele 'ana o ka USSR kinai mokulele. Ma hope o ke kaua, likeʻole ka hoʻololi 'ana o ka mokulele e e hoʻohana' ia a hiki i ka hoomaka ana o na 1960s. Ma waho aʻeo i ka Air Max a me mokukaua maunakea o ka USSR, ka mea i hoʻohana 'ia e ka Ally koa. I ke kauwela o 1943 Yak-9 a me Yak-9D komo hana o ka Farani regiment "Noremana". Ma o Sepatemaba o ka makahiki kēia mau mea, i laila 'o ia i ka aoao kinai Pulakalia, i mńlualua me ka Anati-Hitlerʻahahui. Ma ka haule ana o ka makahiki 1945 kükohu Yak-9M a me Yak-9T hoʻohana ma o ka Polish air max ma Poland, a Northern Germany. Eia hou, i ka mokulele o ka kükohu e ku ana ma ka Pākē i na mea kaua, Hungary, Yugoslavia, North Korea a me Albania.

Yak-9: hoakaka

Ka walaʻauʻana mana o ka mokulele i loko o 1942 i ka kēia mau 'ano:

1. Lōʻihi - 8.5 m.
2. Eheu nā kapuwaʻiʻehā - 9,74 m.
3. 'ēheu Area - 17,15 ka m ^2.
4. Na kekahi e haawe i ka'ēheu - 167 kg / ka m ^2.
5. Empty kaupaona ana o ka mokulele - 2277 kg.
6. E-aku kaupaona - 2873 kg.
7. Hawaii ka mana - 1180 ho'āo ai. i kekahi.
8. Na kekahi e haawe ana ma ka mana o - 2,43 kg / ho'āo ai. i kekahi.
9. I kā mākou mämä holo i ka moana - 520 km / h.
10. ʻO kā mākou mämä holo i kiʻekiʻena - 599 km / h.
11. i ke kiekie o ka 5 km - 5.1 min.
12. hoʻohei manawa - 15-17.
13. Mea hiki palena - 11.100 m.
14. Mea hiki huahelu - 875 ei.
15. Armament - 1x20 mm o ShVAK, 1h12,7 mm o UBS.

ka hoʻololi 'ana

Ma kona mōʻaukala, ka Yak-9 loaa he nui helu o ka hoʻololi 'ana. Hana e ke Hoʻololi 'ia ma ka likeʻole ma o ke' ano a me ka mea e hakakā machines lilo kona papa hiʻona. Ke pelane, he 22 nui ka hoʻololi 'ana, 15 o ka i hele aku i ka moʻo. Ma hana kinai pau me elima ano o ka propulsion, wahie poʻina nalu eono nā kinolau hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha, ehiku nā kinolau i na mea kaua a me nāʻano o kūikawā lako a pan. Kinai i mau fundamentally okoa mai kekahi i kekahi'ēheuʻano likeʻole: hui, a pau-mea hiki ke hooheheeia. A pau wale nō koe nae ka Yak-9 kinai kumu, i ka hōʻike 'ia' o ka a mākou i kūkā mai mamua, i ka hana 'inideka. E ka e ike i ke kumu o ka hoʻololi 'ana o nā kaʻao kinai.

Yak-9D

Ka hoʻololi 'kekahi mahuahua i 480 kilograms o ka lako o ka wahie. Ka mokulele Ua lako pono me ka eha kahi o ka elua wahie poʻina nalu: mau kumu a me nā hooluolu mai. Me keia pāʻoihana, kona holo huahelu mahuahua ia 1400 ei. Ka hoʻololi 'Ua lawe mai March 1943 a hiki i ka makahiki 1944 May. Iloko o keia manawa, no ka mea hoʻoili iho 3068 kope.

Yak-9T

Ma keia hooponopono hou, Ua auou caiaiai he 20 mm o ka pū ma ka 37-mm o pū me ka ammunition lele 30. Aie i ka mea i ka mea hou kani mea hou, ke cockpit i ia e neʻe hoʻi ma ka 40 knm. Ke kumu hoʻohālike i hua mai la mai ka kupulau 1943 a hiki i ke kau, 1945. 2748 kope i ua i no keia manawa.

Yak-9K

Kēia mana i ka 45-millimeter pū NS-45. I mea e emi i ka ikaika o ka hopena, ke keʻena 7ts, ka barela hoʻouka kekahi ma ka waha o wawahi. Naʻe, ka wā ae hoʻolele ma kiʻekiʻe ka mämä holo i ka pelane huli a puni, a me ka ke kahu moku, ua hoano e ikaika tremors. Akamai paipai aku i ka pana pokole o poha o ekolu pana pua aku makou. Lua o volley Yak-9K i ke kaumaha o ka 5,53 kg. I ka wā mai April a hiki i Iune makahiki 1944 53 mokulele o keia mana i hanaiaʻi o laua. Ma ka? Iaeoii o koa hookolokolo ka mea, alakai aku ia 51 kaua, hitting 8 Kekoa FW-190A-8 a me ka 4 mokulele BF-109G. Ma keia hihia, ke poho ua like hoʻokahi wale kinai. I kekahi la ilalo mokulele ma awelika he 10 puni o ka 45 mm o ka pū. Aie i ka nele o ka pono o ka nui? Iecaianoaaiiie o nā mea kaua i ole ua like.

Yak-9TK

Ka mokulele o keia mana i loaa mai i ka ikaika 'ole o kekahi mau huahelu, e like me ka pono me he hoʻokahi kikowaena pu ka piʻiʻana'ōnaehana i leie aku hope o na mea paahana ma ke kula. Kinai i i loko o ka lua o ka hapalua o ka 1943.

Yak-9M

Ka mokulele mea he kūpono 'ana o ke Yak-9D kumu hoʻohālike me ka fuselage o ke kükohu Yak-9T. Eia hou, i kēia mana i ka helu o ka hou. No ka aerobatic lele 'ano a me ka ia i ole oko mai o ka Yak-9D. Akā, ma ka hope o ka makahiki 1944, i ka mokulele kukuluia he nui ikaika engine Ola-105PF-2, ma ka mea āna i lilo nui aku ka māmā a me ka uku o ka pii ana. Yak-9M ua lilo kekahi o ka loa hanohano kaa i loko o ka palapala huahelu Yak-9 ikaika. Photos o keia mokulele hiki ke loaʻa ka mea loaʻa ka Nui Patriotic War. A huina o ka 4239 kope i lawe.

Yak-9C

Ke pelane Ua kūkuluʻia ma muli o ka Yak-9M, a loaa ka ia engine. Like ke kumu o mana i aponoia, a me ka 23-millimeter pū NS-23, a me ka paʻa o synchronous 20-millimterovyh pū Bs-20C. No ka mea, o ka mea unsatisfactory hopena o ka moku'āina e ho'āʻo ai i ka makahiki 1945, i ke kükohu i loa i loko o pūkaʻina? Iecaianoaaiiuo.

Yak-9DD

I ka makahiki 1944, ua kūkuluʻia ke kumu hoʻohālike Li-2, no ka ka hoʻokoloʻana i nā kumu waiwai i ole lawa hiki no Yak-9D. Eia hou, i ka Soviet Union pono i ka pelane, holo huahelu a makemake ae e lawe mai hakakā ana i loko o ka huipūʻana me ka mokulele o Anati-Hitlerʻahahui. A pono kükohu i ka Yak-9DD. Mea hoʻonoho 8'ēheu poʻina nalu i mahuahua ka wahie nona iho o ka hoohalike i ka 630 kg. Eia hou kekahi, instrumentation a me ka launa pu lako a pan i Hoʻololi 'e hōʻoia palekana ma lōʻihi mamao, a me ka noho lakou malaila ka ino ana.

I kā mākou huahelu Yak-9DD holo ua 1800 ei. Eia naʻe, i kona kaupaona ua i ka mooolelo no keia ano o ka mokulele - 3390 kg. Mākaukau aku nō mākou kinai ua maʻamau no ka ohana o Yak - pūkuniahi caliber o ka 20 mm o, a 12,7 mm o caliber ka pū. Yak-9DD hoʻohanaʻano kaiāulu.

I ka pau ana o ke kauwela o ka makahiki 1944 i ka pae ana o 20 mokulele hele aku la i ke kumu o allies, kahi kokoke i ke kulanakauhale Italian o Bari i mea e kākoʻo amo mokulele SU-47, a hoʻopakele i ka Yugoslavia ukana. E like me kekahi hapa o ka relocation i lawe mai holo lōʻihi o 1,300 ei, a me ke kumu nui loa o ka mamao a kaahele lakou ma ko lakou mokuna. Ka pūʻulu Ua i 150 sorties, a, hoʻowahāwahā i ka nele o ke akamai me kaʻenemi mokulele, he nui loa, pili. He noteworthy i oiai ka SU-47 mokulele awa pae a me ka unloading hana, ka hoʻokoloʻana ikaika nui ia i loko o ka lewa, e hoouna e hoʻi. No ka mea, a pau manawa o ka hana ana o ka mokulele i i heluʻia he hoʻokahi ole.

Yak-9P

Mea he pōkole-huahelu reconnaissance, a oko a mai ka walaʻauʻana mana o ka Yak-9, na ano o ka a makou i ike ai mamua, i ke alo o Honolulu pahupaʻiwikiō i loko o ka noa pahu. Kēia mea apono 'oe, e pana mai i kekahi kiekie o 300 a hiki i 3000 mika. I ka lua o ka mana o kēia nā loli i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o ka Yak-9D. He ua i wale i ka ipu no ka reconnaissance, akā,ʻo ua oi ma mua o ke kiʻekiʻe-ʻenehana hiʻona like me ka a pau. Yak-9P i hua mai la i ka poe liilii, mea, a hoʻohana 'ia ma ka wahi, kahi aʻimi loa i ka lewa ma nā mokulele ua paʻakikī a mau' ia me ka nui kamepiula.

I-9B

Kinai-bomber Yak-9B Ua kūkuluʻia ma luna o ka waihona ipu kŘkohu 9D. I ka makahiki ma hope o ka cockpit ia i iai? Oaiaaiea pōkā pahū kaikuono oia hoi o ka eha paipu, a hiki lawa eha 100-paona pōkā pahū a eha leki, kela mea keia mea i loaʻa ka 32 Anati huina pōkā pahū. bomber hoao hoomaka ma March makahiki 1944. E like me ka hopena o sorties, ka Yak-9B luku 29 poʻina nalu, 22 ka mea nāna nā limahana nā moku halihali mokulele, 1.014 Hawaii kaa, 161 alahao kaʻa hale 20 g. / D wahi, 7 pū, 18 locomotives a me 4 wahie nei. I huina, ka Soviet hana he 109 mau Bombers.

Yak-9PD

Kēia interceptor me ka Hawaii-105PD M, supercharger, a mahuahua ma ka hapalua o ka mika wingspan. Mea hiki palena i kēia mana o 13 100 ei. I ka 1943, ma muli o ka Yak-9 5 o kēia mau kaa i hua mai, a ma ka makahiki 1944, ma muli o ka Yak-9U - 30.

Yak-9U

I ka hopena o 1943, ka mea i hanaia e mau ikaika ma lalo o ka inoa Yak-9U: hoʻokahi i hoʻolako pono me ka Hawaii M-107A, a me ka mea 'ē aʻe - ka M-105PF-2. Eia hou, i ka manao a me aerodynamics o ka waihona ipu kēia i ua hou. Kahiko ana nā ana hoʻohālike i hōʻike mai iā ia kikowaena pu (caliber o ka 23 mm o no ke kinai engine M-105PF-2 a me ka caliber o 20 mm o no ka mana a me ka Hawaii M-107A) a me ka paʻa o 12,7 millimterovyh pu. Nā hualoaʻa o nā ho'āʻo ma loko o ka Air Max Institute, he Lolina me ka Hawaii M-107A ike like me ka mea maikaʻi o ka poʻe kaua i i ikea ai malaila a mau loa aku. I 'Apelila makahiki 1944, hū? Iecaianoaaiiuo o ka mokulele i ua hoʻokumu. Ma ka haule ana o ka makahiki 1944, i ka mau-malama e hookolokolo i loko o 18 kēia ho'āla kaua pana ia pailota 27 FW-190A, a 1 Bf-109G. I ka Ia manawa, aole i wale nalowale mau ikaika. Na wale nui keakea ana o ka mīkini ua he uuku kaʻana like 'ana o ka mana loa.

Yak-9UT

Ua ho Yak-9U me ka mana i na mea kaua. Ka mokulele Ua lako pono meʻekolu pū: he Central 37-mm o a me nā 20-mm o. Massa lua salvo o keia kinai ua ma ka manawa o ka mooolelo no ka USSR - 6 kg. Place ma ka waena pu i hoʻokahi. Ka hou ana o ka 45 mm o mea kani, ka mea, ua hiki, e hoomahuahua i ka kaumaha o ka lua o ka volley i 9,3 kg. Ke koena o ka pelane, he wahi okoa mai ka Yak-9U. No ka 3 mahina o ka pūkaʻina? Iecaianoaaiiuo o kaʻaha kanaka laina, hele aku 282 kope. A uuku ka nui o ka ikaika e hoʻokele i ka lawe 'ana i loko o nā kaua hope o ke kaua.

Yak-9 "Express"

Ua ho i ka amo pelane, i mea ma ke alo rula e lawe i kekahi ohua. Ke kükohu Ua lilo ke ano o ka hoʻololi kemikala ma waena o ka distal a me kinai Yak-9DD, a aʻo mokulele Yak-9B. Ma ka hope o kāpena, Ua hoʻouka kekahi ma kahi o ka dashboard a me ka pāʻana o mea papa hele a me ka paneling. Ka mokulele i ua hanaʻia i loko o ka hoʻokahi kope i loko o ke kauwela o ka makahiki 1944. Ma ka puke, oia aole loa ia i hele.

Yak-9P

Ka hōʻano hou mana o ka Yak-9U, wehewehe aku ka nui ke kālā no ka mākau hoʻokaʻaʻike manaʻo a me accessories. hoomaka ae la ke? iecaianoaaiiie kumu hoʻohālike i ka MH 1946, a pau i ka 1948. A huina o 801 mokulele i lawe. Ua mākaukau lākou Yak-9s me ka Soviet Union, Poland, Hungary, Kina a me Yugoslavia.

ka hopena

I kēia lā, nānā mākou i ka kaʻao mokulele - ka Yak-9, a Hawaii photo mea kama'āina i ka nui kânaka o ka 'enehana maunakea. I loko nō o ka mea i ke kumu hoʻohālike i hua mai laʻeono wale nō makahiki, ka mea, ua lilo ia i mea kaulana ma waena o ka honua ma ka hoʻomalu oi ma mua o ke kakini Soviet kulanakauhale mai kaʻenemi komohewa. Kēiaʻanoʻenehana a me ka hale kalapu no mokulele oi ma mua o hoʻokahi makahiki, e e nui kânaka o maunakea hana me ka Wallpaper ma luna o kouʻoneki. Yak-9, i mea i loko o ka lima akau ke huli i loko o ka hemolele pū ea, i ka nunui na makana i ka hope o ke Kaua Honua II.