Acrylicʻakika. Nine waiwai. palapala noi

Acrylicʻakika - o kekahi o ka simplest elele o unsaturated monobasic carboxylic nāʻakika. Kona haʻilula Ua like penei: CH2 = Ch-COOH. He He colorless wai a me ka pahikaua a me kaʻawaʻawa loa ala. Wailana i loko o ka wai, chloroform, diethyl waiʻona a me ka ethanol, neʻe hou polymerized e lilo polyacrylicʻakika. Ma ka acrylicʻakika loaʻa nā inoa: etenkarbonovayaʻakika a me propenoicʻakika.

Pehea e kiʻi (ole synthesize) acrylicʻakika?

1. Ma keia, acrylicʻakika ua hua mai la ka ohu pae'okesaside o propylene me ka o oxygen (O2) i ka molybdenum, bismuth a cobalt catalysts. Lakou i mea hoike o na kēia NaI:

CH2 = Ch-CH3 (propylene) + O2 (oxygen) = CH2 = Ch-COOH (acrylicʻakika)

2. I ka hala, ua hoʻohana naoh ma i kalapona monoxide ua reacted II (HI), acetylene (SN≡SN) a me ka wai (H2O). Ke Nine Inch naoh makemake i ka mea ia manawa, ua like penei:

SN≡SN (acetylene) + CO (kalapona monoxide II) + H2O (ka wai) → CH2 = Ch-COOH (acrylicʻakika).

Kekahi ano o ka formaldehyde reacted me ketene:

CH2 = C = O (ketene) + H2C = O (formaldehyde) → CH2 = Ch-COOH (propenoicʻakika).

3. Ano, e Rohm a me ha haa hana kūikawāʻakika hoʻololi kemikala enehana etenkarbonovoy mai propane.

Nine waiwai o acrylicʻakika

Noonoo maiʻakika e hana paʻakai, nā mea kemika, anhydrides, amides,ʻakika chlorides, a me nā hui. No hoi ka mea hiki ke komo i loko o kekahi poe koa hou naoh, e ano o ka'etolina ana o carbon. Wai pono, protonic nāʻakika a me NH3 ia lŘlŘ ole ma ka Markovnikov rula. Ma keia hana i ka hookomoia nā mea loaʻa a pau. Acrylicʻakika ua komo i loko o ka diene hoʻololi kemikala. Kekahi Punk me nā aryl diazonium paʻakai. I ka wā o ka ultraviolet irradiation, ia 'ano apau loa he polyacrylicʻakika.

Ka hoʻohana a acrylic kiloty

- hoʻohana like me ka maka mea i loko o ka hana ana o ke ākeaʻano o ka pīlali huahana me kekahi Nine Inch a me ka physical waiwai (e laʻa me, Ka lula ea Ke a me ka paleʻana);

- Ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o koʻana koko lakou hoopuehu o acrylic pena; kahi o ka wahi o ka noi ana o ka pena, e hilinaʻi ma ka Nine Inch waiwai o ka copolymer - hope loa pena o kaa a me ka palena a hiki i ke pena;

- acrylicʻakika a me kona nā mea loaʻa i hoʻohana 'ia no ka ho okumu i ka impregnation o ka ili a me nā'aʻaʻa i emulsions ma pena, me ka maka mea no ka acrylic rubbers a me acrylic olona, kūkuluʻia adhesives, a me nā mea huihuina o laila; metaakrilovoy nā mea kemika a acrylicʻakika (ana hoʻohana la o Etera, meto methacrylate a me ka meto acrylate) hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka? iecaianoaaiiie o polymers;

- māhele o ka acrylicʻakika ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka hanaia'na o superabsorbents.

Kupono pūnaewele o acrylicʻakika

I ka ho'āhu i ka waiwai i mea e pale aku polymerization inhibitor ua hou - hydroquinone. Ma mua o ka hoʻohana 'ana i kaʻakika pono helelei iho me ka mālama nui, no ka mea, Ua hiki e ulu ai explosively polymerization.

Maluhia o ka Lehulehu ma ka hoʻohana

I ka hana ana me acrylicʻakika e lawe i mooolelo ia o ka waiwai o keʻano ukiuki i kaʻili a me ka mucous membranes. Paepae irritantʻakika mea 0,04 mg / hano. Ma hope o hui 'ana me ka mucousʻili lahilahi o ka'ōnohi a poʻopoʻo, e like me ka rula, ka mea e hookomo ana loa corneal'ā, ke alakai i ka irreversible loli (piʻi,ʻaʻole treatable). Inhalation acrylicʻakika ohu i i headache, ae hookaawale ana i ka ÷ naehana hanu'āpana, a me excessive nā māhele - ka hooulu ana o pulmonary edema. I? Eou kahi hana ua lawe mai me ka acrylicʻakika, pono i ka ikaika mana o ka lewa. MPC keiaʻakika mea 5 mg / metr³. E malu ana e e malama hana me nā nā mea loaʻa ka wā. E like me laʻana mea acrylonitrile.