Aeea kumumanaʻo

E wehewehe ana a me ka hoike ana o ka makahiki "aeea" ua waiwai ia e Robert Hooke. Naʻe, ke nä känaka 'epekema ike ia (aeea) me voids i loko o ka homogeneous (ʻaʻahu)ʻia, a ua he laau. Animal aeee i ho'ākāka 'ia ma mua e Leeuwenhoek i loaaʻulaʻula koko keena a me sperm. Mea hana (microscopes), i i hoʻohana 'ia e ka noiʻi o ka 17-18 kenekulia, i' ae 'ia reliably hookupaa nui ae i kekahi na oihana mua o ka microscopic' ole o nā loko o nā holoholona.

I loko nō o ka mea i ka lāʻau lapaʻau nā mea hoʻohui i oi ka haiia i loaʻa no ke ao, ke kelepona hele kumumanaʻo o ka ike a me ka hoopuehu aku unsystematic. Ma hope o Hooke noiʻi e olelo aku i ka mea kanu nā'aʻaʻa i ka kekahi 'ole, wehewehe aku ma ke alo i loko o nā wahi likeʻole o ka okoa microscopic keena. Akā, loaa paha i generalizations kekahi mai ka loina i laila, ua.

Ma ka 18th kenekulia, i ole haawi microscopic haʻawina kekahi qualitatively hou ike. Wale a me ka hoʻomaka o ka hana microscopes e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina hoʻomau. Ma ka 30th kenekulia, 19 makahiki o alakai botanists o ka manawa ae e hooikaika i ka ike ana o ka mea haʻahaʻa 'ole o nā mea kanu. Mai ka halepaahao loaa i ke kūlana o ka "kula haʻahaʻaa hale". E ho ohana i ke ano o ka maceration (infusion), mai hemo mai ka mea mahuʻi ana i na pa microscopic (particles). Pela, ua papapau pu na kānakaʻepekema i ka halepaahao i ka paʻa 'ole. Eia hoʻi, ka mea, ua hāʻawi mai i ka kekahi kū kaʻawale.

Kameleona G. a me L. H. Treviranus hoike ia nō hoʻi nā hale a i ole ia akulla 'ma ke kelepona hele' ole, i hanaʻia ma ke kuʻi nukeliu o kanaka keena mua. Elementary'ōnaehana loaʻa iā ia kekahi i ka waiwai o ka morphological a me ka physiological ke keʻena, ma a ka kuokoa pūnao.

Microscopic'anatomia o ka holoholona i ua 'Imi? Anoee e ke kula a me ke kula Muller Purkinje. Mahalo i kā lākou hana i ka nui nui o factual mea i ohi ia.

'Ana ua kālaiʻia aeea pähola' ana o ka 'ole o ka meaola he Schwann (German zoologist, noiʻi) i ka makahiki 1839. Aie i ka mea i loko o kā lākou noiʻi zoologist ma muli o ka hana o ka botanist Schleiden, o ka hope ua manaoia e e Makeke-mea kākau o Schwann.

Cell kumumanaʻo mea he generalization o ka mau ikepili ma muli ma aʻo Kīwala'ō o ka holoholona a me kaʻai kula haʻahaʻaa hale. Ua Ua ua ai a me ka iaʻano papa hana o ko lākou mau ho okumu. Penei, Schwann aeea kumumanaʻo characterizes ka halepaahao me ka loiloi, a mall muli o ke kino ola.

A laila, noiʻi M. Badi pili i kēia 'ike i loko o ke ao o ka simplest. K. Siebold finalized (ma 1845) ke kulana o ka simplest hookahi-aa? Ano.

Cell kumumanaʻo, nae, i hooponopono hou ia ma ka hopena o 19th kenekulia. Virchow (German nä känaka 'epekema) i aku i ka hou kuhiakau. Ma muli o hou ikepili, ka mea i manao ai, i ka halepaahao ua hana wale mai preexisting keena. Virchow i kau aku i ka kuhiakau o ka "kelepona hele moku'āina." Ma lalo o kēia mea mahuʻi, ka multicellular meaola kikowaena kŘpa a kuokoa pa alima, a i ka nui mana i kokoke e pili i kekahi i kekahi.

Cell kumumanaʻo lewa i ka morphological ke kuʻikahi, a pau ke aloha ano. Kēia, ma ka huli, ka pilina i ke ana a me ka hoʻohuiʻana o ka pähola 'ana o evolution.

Hoikehonua, ke kelepona hele kumumanaʻo ua nānā 'ana ma luna o ekolu kulana.

E like me ka mea ia hoʻi mua, ka mea haʻahaʻa 'ole ua pili i ka wildlife o ka Honua. Ma nā hua'ōlelo, keia ai hākālia nō ia, irrespective o ka palapala o ke ola, ua lako pono mall, aaiaoe a me ka ooieoeiiaeuiiai? Acaeoey wale ma ka halepaahao.

E like me ia i ka lua o kaʻoihana, hou kula haʻahaʻaa naehana i wahi wale nō ma luna o ka muli o ka mālama '-nei mahele. Ma keia hihia, a pau o na keena hoopaa i ka ia liluwelo ike, hoʻohana i ka 'ike, e lawe mai kona hana ma ke kumu o ke kumuʻiʻo hoʻololi kemikala.

E like me ke kolu kulana, ka mokuna 'ole hoʻopili like i ka multicellular meaola, a ua wehewehe aku ma kekahi kahua hoʻonohonohoʻana hui a me ka hoopono.