Van Allen pāhawewe kāʻei

Honua pāhawewe kāʻei (RPGs), van Allena kāʻei, a - he māhele o ka wa hea ka mea a puni ka Honua, me ka palapala o nā apo, a he poe kanaka nunui kahawai o electrons a me protons. Honua paʻa ia ma ka mea o ka kūpenu iho ia iʻume mākenēki kahua.

Kaka

EBL iʻike i ka 1957-58. Epekema, mai kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia, a me ka Soviet Union. "ʻImi Loa 1" (kiʻi ma lalo nei), ka mea mua US makahiki alima, ka Launch o i i wahi i ka 1958, aka loa nui ikepili. Mahalo i ka Americans onboard hoʻokolohua ma ka Honua ka ili honua (ma ka kiʻekiʻena o ma kahi o 1000 km), i loaʻa ka pāhawewe ciia (i loko o). Ma hope, ua loaʻa i ka lua o ia wahi ma ka kiʻekiʻena o ma kahi o 20,000 ei. Aia mea i maopopo palena ma waena o ka pahale loko, a ma waho mau hipuu - mua ke kiʻekiʻe i loko o ka lua. Ka mau radioactive cii oko ma ke degere o ka malama ana o na (particles) a me kā lākou haku mele 'ana.

Mau wahi i kapa ia van Allena mau hipuu. Dzheyms van Allen - he physicist, he hoʻokolohua i kōkua mai iā lāua, e ike. ʻepekema, ua loaʻa i ka mea, i kēia mau hipuu mai o ka poe makani, a kauoha (particles) o cosmic kukuna, a i o Laielohelohe i ka Honua o konaʻume mākenēki kahua. Kēlā me kēia o ia 'ano apau loa he torus a puni ka Honua (he aka i ua hoʻokino e like me ka donut).

I ka makahiki, ma hope o ia manawa, aole i Ua nui ho okolohua. Ka mea i 'ae' e makaikai i ka papa kuhikuhiE hiʻona a me ka waiwai o nā RPGs. 'Aʻole wale nō i ka Honua, eia ka pāhawewe mau hipuu. Ka mea, e loaʻa a me ka 'ē aʻe ano lani kahi, a i ka lewa, a me kaʻume mākenēki kahua. Ka pāhawewe ke kāʻei van Allen i ike i ke aloha a hiki i ka US interplanetary moku Mars. Eia hou, i ka Americans loaʻa ia i loko o Saturn a me ka Dia.

Kūpenu iho ia iʻume mākenēki kahua

I ka Honua i ole wale van Allena kāʻei, akā, i ka kūpenu iho ia iʻume mākenēki kahua. He He lākou oʻume mākenēki leho kona pūnana aku i kekahi i kekahi. Ka 'ole o ke kula kohu he cabbage a onion. ʻume mākenēki iwi hiki ke noonoo i ulana oʻume mākenēki laina o ka poe ikaika no lakou paʻa ili. Ua kokoke i ka waenakonu o ka kūpenu iho ia i mea no ka iwi, ka mea i oi aku ka ʻume mākenēki kahua ikaika. Eia kekahi, i ka lāʻau ikiʻai wale i ua koi 'ia no ka papa mai huna penetrable waho, kekahi maoli.

Penei, N-I wahī i momentum (particles) P _n. Ma ka hihia ma ka loiloi mua momentum o ka huna mea emi o P _n, e Hōʻike 'kaʻume mākenēki kahua. Ke huna laila, e huli hou i ka lewa. Naʻe, ka mea i hana i ka mea huli i ka N-la iwi. Ma keia hihia, e mea ole hou hiki ke haʻalele. Huna e e pio i loko o ka pahele like loa me ka mea aole i dissipate, aʻalo me koena lewa,ʻaʻole e lilo ikehu.

Ka ʻume mākenēki kahua o ko mākou Honua o ka ia iwi ke aupuni 'ma kekahi mau mamao mai ka Honua ka ili honua ma kekahi mau longitudes. Keia mea aie a hiki i ka OOAaAeAa o kaʻume mākenēki kula me ka iho (axis) o kuapo o ka Honua paepae komo huila. Keia kanawai ua ike pono ma luna o ka Palakila ʻume mākenēki anomaly. Ma kēia māhele e hōʻike pū 'ana i kaʻume mākenēki kahua laina, a entrained (particles) e neʻe ma luna o lākou, hiki e lalo 100 ei kiekie, a ma keia hope aku e haule iho ma ka honua i ka lewa.

haku mele 'ana RPGs

Loko o ka pāhawewe kāʻei haoʻa i ka makana o protons a me electrons. Mua aia i loko o ka loko lilo o ka ia, a me ka lua - i loko o ka pā. Nolaila, i ka i kakahiaka nui ke kahua o ke ao, nä känaka 'epekema manaoio ua loaʻa nō mawaho (e) a me ka loko (proton) Honua ka pāhawewe mau hipuu. Currently, ua manao ka pili '.

Ka mea nui waleʻano papa hana o ka hanauna o van Allena kāʻei filler (particles) o ka hoʻopöʻino 'ia o ka albedo neutrons. It E e kaulana i hanaia i na neutrons ka wā o ka lewa hana me ka cosmic pāhawewe. Ke kahe ana o (particles) e neʻe ana ma ke ala e hiki aku, mai ka Honua (neutrons albedo), hele ma ka Honua kaʻume mākenēki kahua uku ole ia. Eia naʻe, ka mea e lolelua ka a me ka hooholo koke decompose i loko o electrons, protons a me ka huina'ine antineutrino. Radioactive albedo kāna mau 'ōlelo me kiʻekiʻe ikehu, decompose i loko o ka loaʻa māhele' āina. I mea pehea van Allena kāʻei ua hoʻolakoʻia positrons a me electrons.

EBL aʻume mākenēki makani ino mai ai

Ka wā e hoʻomaka ikaikaʻume mākenēkiʻino, mau (particles) e ole e hōʻeleu i, ka mea, haʻalele radioactive van Allen kāʻei, emptying mai o ia. Ka mea ka mea ina ua loli kaʻume mākenēki kahua hoʻonohonohoʻia, e ke bapetizoia i ke aniani wahi i loko o ka lewa. Ma kēia hihia, na (particles) lilo ikehu (ionization poho, ka ua nui) hoololi i ke kēpau pana pua, a laila, e make i hiki ai i ka luna papa magnetosphere.

RPGs a me ka akau kukui

Van Allen pāhawewe kāʻei ua hoʻopuniʻia i ka wai koko, ahu iho, aha i ka pio kahawai o protons (Ion) a me electrons. Kekahi kumu no kēia kŰia like'ākau (Polar) glow - ka mea i ninini i ka (particles), mai ka wai koko, ahu iho, a me kekahi mai kekahi mawaho RPG. Borealis ho ka lewa pāhawewe nā'ātoma i mea hauʻoli loa no i ka hookui ana o na (particles) precipitating mai o ke kāʻei.

Ka like RPGs

Kokoke i ke kumu hopena a pau o ka hoʻokolokolo 'ana i o ia me ka ho okumu i ka pāhawewe mau hipuu, a i loaa i loko o kahi o 1960-70-ies. Nā loina a me ka hoʻohana 'ana o orbital wahi, interplanetary moku, a me ka hope' epekema ipu ae kānakaʻepekema i ka paka i ka loa nui hou ike. Van Allen mau hipuu a puni ka Honua e ke aʻo i loko o ko makou manawa. Pokole e wehewehe i ka mea e piʻi like loa nui i loko o kēia wahi.

Nā 'ikepili i loaa mai i ka "Salyut-6"

Noiʻi, mai ka Moscow 'enekinia, ke kālaikūlohea Institute ma ke kakahiaka nui 80-ies ua hoʻokolokolo i ka huina'ine pele me ka pae kiʻekiʻe o ka ikaika i loko o ka wahi koke o ko mākou Honua. E hana i kēia, e hoʻohana i ka ipu, a ua ma luna o ka orbital ku "Salyut-6". Ua apono 'ʻepekema e loa ka maiau hookaawale kahawai o positrons a me electrons me ka ikaika a oi aku mamua o 40 MeV. Ka Astronomical ku (inclination o 52 °, no ke kiekie o kahi o 350-400 km) holo ka hapanui ma lalo o ka pāhawewe mau hipuu o ka Honua. Naʻe, ka mea, no hoopa iho la i ka loko lilo o ka Palakilaʻume mākenēki anomaly. I ka wa e holo i ka wahi wahi lua i pele i loaʻa, oia hoi o ka kiʻekiʻe-ikehu electrons. Ka RPG wale electrons nona ka ikehu ka emi o 5 MeV i hoʻopaʻa 'ia ma mua o ka ho okolohua.

ʻimi hoʻopunipuni ukaliʻikepili papahana "Meteor-3"

Noiʻi, mai ka Moscow 'enekinia, ke kālaikūlohea Institute lawe mai hou ana iʻimi hoʻopunipuni ukali o ka Honua puke "Meteor-3", ma i ke kiekie o ka hoʻopoepoe ka Astronomical o 800 ei a me ka 1200. I keia manawa, i ka mokuna i ia kumu ma hohonu loa RPGs. Ua hoʻopaʻa i nā hualoaʻa i i loaa mua i ku "aloha aʻela iā-6". Ke noiʻi laila i loaa mai ai kekahi hualoaʻa nui, e hana ana o ia hoonoho ai i "Mir" a me "Salyut-7"ʻume mākenēki spectrometers. Ua Ua maopopo i ka pilina paʻa ciia mua malama oia wale nō o nā electrons (positrons ole), ka loa kiʻekiʻe (i ka 200 MeV) ka ikaika o ka a.

I wehe 'wahi CNO nuclei kāʻei

A pae o ka noiʻi mai MSU NIYAF ma ka hopena o 80 ka, a i kakahiaka nui 90-ies lawe mai i ka hoʻokolohua nona ma këia i ka nuclei, a i aia ma ke kokoke makahiki. Ua lawe mai kēia mau ana ka hoʻohana hapaʻauhau keena, a nukelea emulsions. Ka mea, Ua lawe mai ma luna o ka ukali "Cosmos" moʻo. ʻepekema, ua ike i ke alo o nuclei muliwai N, O a me Ne ma ka makahiki, ma ka a kaʻimi hoʻopunipuni ukali ka Astronomical (inclination o 52 °, ka hola 400-500 ei kiʻekiʻe) intersects Palakila anomaly.

Ka Ikepili ua hōʻike i kēia mau nuclei, ka ikehu kīnā i kekahi mau na umi o MeV / nucleon he galactic, albedo a poe kumu, no ka mea, ke ole me ka ikehu nui e komo iloko hohonu i loko o ka magnetosphere o ko mākou Honua. No laila, ua 'ike akula' epekema anomalous ke keʻena o cosmic na kukuna trapped ma kaʻume mākenēki kahua.

Low-ikehu nā'ātoma ma ka interstellar mea, e hiki e komo iloko o ka loko o heliosphere. A laila, ultraviolet pāhawewe o ka la ionizes mono- paha disubstituted. Ke kūpono papa mai (particles) e hōʻeleu i ma luna o nā fronts o ka poe makani, ae hiki aku kekahi mau na umi o MeV / make. Ka mea, laila, komo i loko o ka magnetosphere, a i pio, a maopopo ionized.

Quasi-wahi kāʻei protons a me electrons

Ma Sun March 22, 1991 ua heʻanapu ikaika i pu aku i ke kala ana o ka nui nui o ka poe mea. Ua hiki i ka magnetosphere a hiki i March 24, a ua loli kona mawaho māhele 'āina. Ka poe makani magnetosphere nahae (particles) i hou ikehu. Ka mea, a hiki i ke kahi ma i laila, ua CRESS, he Amelika ukali. I na mea maalea lele aku ma luna o laila i hoʻopaʻa i ka oi mahuahua ma ka proton ikehu ua e lauwili mai ka 20 a hiki i 110 MeV a me ka ikaika huina'ine (ma kahi o 15 MeV). Keia ua höʻike läkou ma ka muli o ka hou kāʻei. Mua, he quasi-wahi kāʻei malama ma ka helu o ka spacecraft. Eia naʻe, wale nō i loko o ka "Mir" wahi i ku ai,ʻo ia aʻo no ka lōʻihi like 'ole o ke ola nei ma kahi o elua makahiki.

Incidentally, ma na 60s o ka hope kenekulia like me ka hopena o ka mea i loko o nā cosmos exploded nukelea manaʻo, ua he quasi-wahi kāʻei, he o electrons me ka liilii, ikaika a. Ua Ua ola no ma kahi o 10 makahiki. Radioactive fission koena ai disintegrated, a me keia i kekahi kumu o ka papa mai (particles).

Ua loaʻa he RPG ma luna o ka Moon

Ma ka ukali o ko mākou Honua, he mea ole van Allen pāhawewe kāʻei. Eia hou, ka mea,ʻaʻohe aiiay lewa. I ka ili o ka Moon wehe i ka poe makani. A ikaika poe flare, ina e hang nei ma ka Helu nuʻukia makemake e incinerated a me na astronauts, a me ka mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku, e like me ka makemake e spewed, alahula pāhawewe koko, i mea ona.

Ua mea hiki e hoʻopale ai e ku e ia cosmic pāhawewe

Keia ninau, ua hoihoiʻepekema no na makahiki. Ma nā māhele uuku o ka pāhawewe, e like me kaʻike, i aneane ole ia ma luna o mākou ola. Naʻe, ka mea, he pomaikai wale ia ka mea e ole oi aku i kekahi paepae. Nei anei oe i ka nui o ka pāhawewe mawaho o ka van Allen kāʻei, ma ka ili honua o ka Honua? Nō kāu, i ka maʻiʻo o ka radon a me ka thorium (particles) emi o 100 Bq no 1 m ^3. Loko, RPGs, mau kii i nui kiʻekiʻe.

O ka holo ana, ke van Allen pāhawewe mau hipuu o ka Honua mea pilikia loa i kānaka. Lākou hopena ma luna o ka meaola aʻo he nui noiʻi. Soviet kānakaʻepekema i ka makahiki 1963 mai la Bernard Lovell, i ke kaulana o Beritania astronomer, e mea ka mea, aole oe i ike i ke kanaka e mālama mai i ka hopena o ka pāhawewe i loko o ka lewa. Keia ano i ka mea hiki ole i lawelawe mānoanoa iwi o ka Soviet i hoʻomākaukauʻia. Pehea, laila, hoʻohana 'ia i loko o capsules Americans superfine mea hiki ke hooheheeia, aneane e like me ka pepa kini, hiki hoomalu astronauts?

E like me na assurances o NASA, ka mea, ua hoouna mai astronauts i ka mahina wale ka wā outbreaks e ole manaoia i ka hoʻolālā mea hiki ia o ka luaÿi ÿana. He hiki ke kń i ka pāhawewe p ÷ ino. Other poe akamai, nae, hoʻopaʻapaʻa ana i wale pakike kilokilo i ka lā o ke kiʻekiʻe pāhawewe.

Van Allen kāʻei, a lele i ka mahina

Leonov, Soviet cosmonaut, i ka 1966 no i hele mai i loko o ke kahua. Naʻe, ua hoaahuia oia i loko o ka Naha Pōhaku-kaumaha alakai i hoopii. Akā, ma hope o 3 makahiki, lele astronauts mai kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia ma ka Helu ili, a me ka mea pono,ʻaʻole i loko o nā uhauhaʻi kaumaha. Paha akamai mai NASA ma luna o nā makahiki kauoha aku e huliʻoi loa-malamalama mea e malama i ka astronauts mai ka pāhawewe? Moonshot nō ke hoala mai i na mea pohihihi. Kekahi o na kumu nui manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē o ka poe i manaoio ole i pae i ka Americans ma luna o ka mea - i ke ola ana o ka pāhawewe mau hipuu.