Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky: Kawaihae,ʻike hoʻokumu

I ka papa kuhikuhiE theme like o kaʻike hoʻokumu o ka mea kākau i ka Nui Patriotic War. A meʻe-koa Vasily Terkin oia i hana mai i ua mea he nui hiʻona, ua hiki ke olelo, ka mea i oi ka haku ai. Ke ola a me ka hana ana o ka Soviet kākau moʻolelo kahaha ko oukou naau ke kamaʻilio i loko o kēia 'atikala.

Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky: Kawaihae

Aina hanau o ka haku mele i loko o ka kahiko kaila 8 June (June 21 - na hou) i ka 1910 ma ke kauhale o Zagorje, i mea i loko o ka panalāʻau o Smolensk. Kona makua kāne, Trifon Gordeevich, ua i ka hana, a me kona makuwahine, Maria Mitrofanovna ua e like me ka ohana o ka smallholders (mahiʻai, ka mea i noho ma luna o ka outskirts o Rusia, a ua, e hoomalu mai kona palena).

Kona makua kāne, mamua o kona kua'āina kêia kanaka, ua he literate kanaka, a aloha i ka heluhelu. Ma ka hale i hooauhee aku ai ia i nā puke. Hiki i ka heluhelu a me ka makuwahine o ka wā e hiki mai kākau moʻolelo.

At Alexander ke kaikaina o Ivan, i hanauia ma ka 1914, ka mea hope i lilo i ka mea kākau moʻolelo.

kamaliʻi

No ka mea manawa mua na hana o Lūkini Classics o ka hale halawai Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky. Pōkole Kawaihae o ka mea kākau moʻolelo e haʻi mai i ka ohana Twardowski i ke dute - hooilo ahiahi, kekahi mai o nā mākua heluhelu nui Gogol, Lermontov, Pushkin. Ua Ua laila kuai he aloha o Twardowski moʻokalaleo, a kākau i ka pauku mua ole maoli aʻo e kākau competently i hoʻomaka, nae.

Alexander aʻo uuku kua'āina kula, a ma ka makahiki he umikumamaha, hoomaka ae la e hoouna aku i ka i nā nūpepa no ka paʻi o memo liʻiliʻi, kekahi o lakou, i ke ahiahi, ua pai ia. Soon Twardowskiʻaʻa e hoouna aku, a poem. Luna hoʻoponopono o ia ka kūloko Nupepa "hana Ala" Initiative Kākoʻo opiopio haku mele, a ma na aoao kokua ia lanakila i kona kino shyness, a hoomaka ae la e hoolaha.

Smolensk-Moscow

Ma hope o ke kula kiʻekiʻe, ua hoʻoneʻe i Smolensk Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky (Kawaihae a me ka hana i hōʻike mai iā ia i loko o kēia 'atikala). Eia ka wā e hiki mai kākau moʻolelo makemake i kekahi hoʻomau këia a loaʻa he 'oihana, akā,ʻaʻole hoʻi kekahi,ʻaʻole hoʻi i kekahi mea hiki ole ke hana - ia i koi' ia ma ka liʻiliʻi loa kekahi ano o ka hana kūikawā, i ka mea i hana ole.

Twardowski noho ma luna o pennies i lawe fickle ka palapala, ai loaʻa kālā, no ka mea, ua i repel i ka puka a paʻi. Noho ma ke poʻo, "October" Magazine poem o ka haku mele i ua paʻi, hele aku la ia i Moscow, akā, eia ka mea, ua i minoʻaka 'o Randy loaa. E like me ka hopena, i ka 1930, Twardowski i puʻe wale e hoʻi i Smolensk, kahi ana i hoolilo ai ka ae, i eono makahiki o kona ola ana. I keia manawa ia ua hiki ke komo i ke kumu kiʻina aʻo Institute, i ua ole pau, a hou aku la i Moscow, kahi i loko o 1936 ia i hoʻokomo i MIFLI.

I loko o kēia mau makahiki, Twardowski ua lilo 'Imi paiia, a ma ka 1936, ua paʻi i ka poem "Ka Land o ka holo mālie", hoolaa i ka collectivization i hoonani aku ia ia. hele mai i ka ohi mua ana o poem Tvardovsky "Nupepa Chronicle" ma ka 1939.

na makahiki kaua

I ka 1939, ua koho 'i loko o ka Red Army Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky. Kawaihae no ka mea kākau moʻolelo i kēia wahi hoʻololi ho opa ao -ʻo ia mea ma ka waena konu o ke koa ana i loko o ke komohana Belarus. "Red Army" Mai 1941, Twardowski hana ma Voronezh nupepa.

Kēia manawa ua wehewehe aku ma ka flowering o kaʻike hoʻokumu o ka mea kākau moʻolelo. Ma waho o ka luawai-ike poem "Vasily Terkin" Twardowski hana he "Frontline Chronicle" kalapona o poem a hoʻomaka hana ma luna o ka poem kaulana "Road House", i i pau i ka 1946.

"Vasily Terkin"

Kawaihae Tvardovskogo Aleksandra Trifonovicha mea replete me keʻano o ka makakū e piʻi like, akā, me ka nui o ia mea e kākau i kekahi poem "Vasily Terkin". A hana i kākau ma ka Apana World War, i mea, mai ka 1941 a hiki i 1945. He paʻiʻia ia i loko o na apana i loko o koa nupepa liʻiliʻi, hiki e hoohaunaele ana i ka morale o ka Soviet kaua.

I ka hana a ua wehewehe aku e kūlike loa, akaka a me ka hemahema hoi kaila, ka kokololio kūpono 'ana o ka hana. Kēlā me kēia Episode poem e pili ana i kekahi i kekahi wale ala i ka protagonist. Twardowski iho la ia ia i ukuia a hiki i ka nui, e hoike ana ia ia a me kona poʻe heluhelu hiki ke lilo i kekahi manawa, no laila, kēlā me kēia moʻolelo e e pau i loko o ka hookahi pukana o ka nüpepa, a i ua hoʻokumu pū.

Kēia moʻolelo i Twardowski cult mea kākau i loko o wartime. Eia hou, i ka haku mele i kumu kāki no ka hana o ka Papa o ke Kaua Patriotic, 1 ke ala kūpono a me 2 Makalu degere.

Post-kaua hana

Hoʻeleu ka palapala, ai 'oihana ma hope o ke kaua, Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky. Kawaihae o ka haku mele ua complemented e kākau i kekahi hou poem "No ka loihi - mamao", i i kākau i loko o ka manawa mai ka makahiki 1950 a hiki i 1960.

Mai ka makahiki 1967 a hiki i ka makahiki 1969, i ka mea kākau moʻolelo e hana ma luna o ka hana autobiographical o "He iaiyoe." Ke poem e haʻi i ka oiaio e pili ana i ka hopena o kona makua kāne Twardowski, ka poe i lilo i luahi o ka collectivization, a ua hopuʻia. Kēia hana i ua pāpā no ka paʻi censorship, a me ka mea heluhelu ua hiki e halawai me ia wale nō i ka 1987. Kākau i kēia poem seriously hao Twardowski ana me ka Soviet Aupuni.

Rich inā pilikia ka haumāna a me ka prosaic Kawaihae Tvardovskogo Aleksandra Trifonovicha. Ka mea nui wale, o ka papa, i kākau i loko o poetic palapala, akā, i paʻiʻia kekahi mau anthologies o ka Aina, moʻolelo. No ka laʻana, i ka makahiki 1947,, hele mai la ia knika "'āina a me ka'āina haole", hoolaa i ka Nui Patriotic War.

"New World"

Mai poina e pili ana i ka journalistic hana o ka mea kākau moʻolelo. No ka mea, he nui na makahiki i malamaʻi, e like me ka luna hoʻoponopono o ka palapala, ai 'Magazine "New World" Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky. Ua piha no me ka dukima hookui hookahe koko ana a me ka kūhelu censorship ke Kawaihae o kēia wā - ai oe i ke pale aku i ka pono, e hoolaha no na mea he nui loea kākau. Manawa hooikaika Twardowski i pai ia huahana Solzhenitsyn Zalygin, Akhmatova Troepol'skaya, Molsaeva, Bunin listen AL.

Ke kiʻekiʻe, ka mea Magazine lilo i nui kū'ē i ka Soviet? Eia. Ua paiia i ka mea kākau o ka sixties a me ke akea i olelo ia Anati-Stalin manao. Real lanakila no ka Twardowski ua 'ae' ia no ka puke o Solzhenitsyn ka moʻolelo.

Eia naʻe, ma hope o ka wehe 'ana i Khrushchev ka paiia ana o ka "New World" hoomaka ae la e kulia ikaika puʻe. Ua pau i ka Ua haʻakoi ia Twardowski e haʻalele i ka wahi o ka luna hoʻoponopono i ka makahiki 1970.

Hope makahiki a me ka make

E hele mai a hiki i ka pau ana o ke Kawaihae. Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky, nona ka make i hana ia December 18, 1971 makahiki, make iho la o akemāmā Ka maʻi 'aʻai. Ka mea kākau i make i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Red Pakhra, i ua aia i loko o ka Moscow māhele 'āina. Ua kanuʻiaʻo ia mea kākau i ka ke kino i loko o ka Novodevichy ilina.

Aleksandr Tvardovsky ola i ka waiwai a me ka lei o ke ola, a waihoʻia ma hope o ka palapala, ai 'hoʻoilina agromnoe. He nui o kana mau hana i loko o ke kula laulā maʻamau, a koe mahalo a hiki i kēia lā.