PODZOLIC lepo ua alakaʻi ai podsolic kaʻina. Kona i kā mākou waiū ua hoike mai ia ma ka coniferous nahele.

He 'aneʻi kekahi mau mea a pau i ka mea olelo no kona e hooholo ia: wai mohala pololei, naoh - ka pilina paʻa-ʻakika, corrosive ke aloha nāʻakika.

Litter poeʻano nui puluniu, tannins a me lignin, kona naoh -ʻakika, akā, kalipuna'okesaside a na lawa. Ua decomposedʻano nui fungi, a me ka mea, ka paipai 'ana i ke kahua o corrosive fulvic nāʻakika. Eia hou, i ka luna papa o ka lepo paku ole ia i ikaika holoi mai wailana i huiʻia me ka walaau ole loa ia'na o ka lepo nā minelala hao. I loko o kēia mau keʻano o ka hanaʻana hoike mai i nā huahana o ka make a me, pu me kaʻakika a me ka wai i hōʻike 'ia ma lalo nei.

E like me ka hopena - kū kaʻawale podzolic paha eluvialʻalihi moana, ai ka haʻahaʻa mana hehee ai na mea kanu, sesqui oxides o Aluminum a me ka hao, silt (particles), akā, he wahi lihi iki o ka mea pōaka pōaka (SiO2) a me ka amorphous ka silica i (SiO2 • h2 O) e a keia moana lipolipo a aie kona malamalama oho kala like 'ole, ua like no me ke ano o ka lehu.

Kekahi o ka waiwai i i ua holoi mai podsolic moana lipolipo a me ka litter, e paa lalo eluvial, ahu iho a me ka hana i ka moana lipolipo washout - illuvial, ahu iho. Ua loaʻa he wahi lihi iki o ka lepo a me ka colloidal (particles) o ka hao oxides a me Aluminum, phosphorus i huiʻia a me kekahi o ka humus. Ke ano o keia moana lipolipo mea IeAUPIIe, IAa IO ike nae-eleele.

A kekahi dala o ka waiwai a i ua holoi mai ka luna ino i o ka subsoil wai ua lilo, a me ka lepo pili. No laila, i ka i loko o ka podzolic kaʻina hoike mai ai ia ia iho i loko o ka make ana o nā minelala hao luna o ka lepo ma lalo o ka aoao o kaʻakika naoh a me ka mahope redistribution o nā huahana o ko lākou lukuʻia i loko o ka pau holoʻokoʻa. Ua ua i manaoio aku i keia kaʻina kānāwai i loko o ka hui pu ana me ka lessivage (ana o ka luna lepo papa o ka lepo (particles) me ka luku ana i ko lakou 'ole).

Podzolic lepo Profile i ke kēia 'ole: A 2 O + A + B + C

A O - he litter, he mānoanoa o 3 - 5 kenimika, a he o ka hapa decomposed a undecomposed residues ka limu, lichen, paipu, na apana o ka wauke a me ka mea e like.

A 2 - Ua eluvial paha podzolic, ahu iho ua whitish a keʻokeʻo-poohina, me he fragile stratified-platy 'ole paha loa structureless, mānoanoa o ole aku ma mua o ka hapaha o ka mika.

B - Ua illuvial ula-mea eleele aʻeleʻele, ahu iho anuanu, me he prismatic a blocky 'ole, i ka mānoanoa o ka hoʻokahi mika, ka mea hiki ke maheleia i subhorizons - B 1, B 2, a no laila, ma luna o.

C - o ka makua pōhaku ua poe ka hapanui kalepona-noa i ka lepo a me ka Lok. Ma ka palena o ka litter a me podsolic moana lipolipo hiki līkaia no, ahu iho A 0 A 1, he mānoanoa o ka 2 - 3 knm, oia hoi o ka luawai lalo o ka litter decomposed 'ole' ia nā pōpō waiwai humus keena, ahu iho mea pōhaku Profile A 1 A 2.

Podzolic lepo ma luna o ka waiwai noho lakou malaila no ka kanu ma luna o laila. Ke humus moana lipolipo aohe mea kokoke i naoh - ikaikaʻakika (pH = 4.0-4.5), kona omo nona iho - mai ka 3 a hiki i 15 mg • eq / 100 nā huna o ka aina, a mea he uuku. Eia hou kekahi, podzolic uuku paʻa kūhohonu loa me ko lākou mau kumu - mai ka 30 a hiki i 40%.

Ka mahuaola e like me phosphorus, potasiuma, naikokene a me kekahi poe e ae ka i uuku. Podsolic lepo structureless, au ma hope o ka ua palapala kekahi i lawa anuanu kaka ma hope o ka maloʻoʻana. A pau keia i ka hopena maikaʻi ia ma luna o nā mea kanu.

No ka mea kanu o ka'āina, ka mea e e Lime, e kiekie hae o nā ke aloha a me ka mea pōhaku fertilizers. Me ka oopalau podzolic soils pono i ka hohonu o ka 24 mau kenimika, a hōʻoia i ko lakou lapaau e like me na rula.