Aluminum: ka Nine Inch a me ka physical waiwai

Kekahi o ka loa i ka pono, he mea hiki ke hooheheeia ma kekahi mau kumuhana aaioee. Mawaena o lakou no hoi i ko lakou mau luna. No ka laʻana, uaʻikeʻia ka walaʻauʻana waiwai o Aluminum i kanaka loa aku nei. Ka mea, eia no laila, e pono no ka hoʻohana i loko o ka hale, i keia mea hiki ke hooheheeia ua lilo loa mahalo. He aha nō ka waiwai o ka Aluminum me he mea waiwai, a pehea ka'Ātoma, ke noonoo i loko o kēia 'atikala.

Aluminum puka moʻolelo

Mai manawa mau loa aku ke kanaka i ua ike i huiʻia o ka metala - potasiuma alum. Ua Ua hoʻohana 'ia e like me ka mea hiki ia oe, e pehu a kuhikihi ana i ka eiiiiiaiou o ka läÿau,, ka mea, ua pono a me ka tanning ili. Ola ana o ka maemae alumina mai i kapa ma ka XVIII kenekulia, i loko o ka lua o ka hapalua. Naʻe, i ole loaa keia maemae waiwai.

He hooponopono iho i ka Kahiāuli Ho'ā o kona metala koloriside mua nä känaka 'epekema H. Oersted. Ua Ua hoʻokō 'amalgam potasiuma paakai, a kaʻawale, mai ka hui mai o oho he lepo lā, a ua maemae Aluminum.

A laila, ua lilo i mea akaka i ka Nine Inch waiwai o ka Aluminum e hoikea mai oia, i loko o kona kiʻekiʻe haʻawina, ikaika resilience. No laila, no ka mea, i ka manawa lōʻihi me ia hou hana.

Eia naʻe, i loko o ka makahiki 1854, Farani Deville hiki ke loaa hoʻoheheʻeʻia metala ingots ma electrolysis. Kēia iaoia mea nō pili a hiki i kēia lā. Ka oi aku o ka nui? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka waiwai mea, hoomaka ae la ma ka XX kenekulia, ka wā o nā pilikia i Wehewehe i nā hāʻina i loaa i ka nui nui o ka mana i loko o ka wahiʻoihana.

I ka lā, i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia - kekahi o ka loa hanohano, a hoʻohana 'ia ma ka kukulu a me ka hale oihana puolo.

General ano o ka Aluminum'Ātoma

Inā mākou i emi iho ka hehee ai ma ka ninau ma ke kahua i loko o ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika nenoaiu, ia mea hiki ke koho i mau 'ikamu.

1. Serial helu - 13.
2. Ua Ua Aia i loko o ke kolu o ka haʻahaʻa wā o ke kolu o ka pūʻulu ka papa kuhikuhiE subgroup.
3. 'ātoma nuipa - 26,98.
4. I ka helu o ka valence electrons - 3.
5. Ka hoʻonohonohoʻia o ka pā, ahu iho ua haawiia mai ka ² 3s 3p ^1.
6. Ka inoa o ka hehee ai - Aluminum.
7. Metal ka waiwai i oi hai.
8. Isotopes mea,ʻaʻole i loko o ke ano maoli, he mea wale kekahi ano, a me ka nui helu o 27.
9. Ka Nine Inch hōʻailona - AL, i loko o nā nā papakuhikuhi heluhelu ia "Aluminum".
10. Ke'okesaside wale, ua like pu ia ekolu.

Ke Nine Inch waiwai o ka Aluminum e hoopau ai i ke hookupaa iho la ia ma kona lolouila 'ole o ka'Ātoma, no ka loaa i ka nui'ātoma kahahńnai, a me ka meaʻuʻuku huina'ineʻo Solomona, ka mea i hiki ke hana me ka ikaika hoemi hope paha, e like me ka pōmaikaʻi e like me nā mea a pau o ka hana ke hooheheeia.

Aluminum me he mea waiwai: physical waiwai

Inā mākou e kamailio no Aluminum me he mea mea, ia mea he silvery-keokeo lustrous metala. Ua oxidizes hoʻomaka koke i ka lewa, a ua uhiʻia i ke anuanu'okesaside ho film. Ka mea hana i ka wa o ka hana o ke kiaʻana i kāna nāʻakika.

Ke alo o ia mau hiʻona i kēia mea hiki ke hooheheeia hoʻopale i ka popopo, a, o ka papa, loa pono no kanaka. No laila, ua hoʻohana 'hoʻomano i kūkulu keia mea Aluminum. Waiwai o ka mea waiwai i noho pili i ka mea i kēia mea hiki ke hooheheeia ka loa malamalama, a me kaʻaʻahu, a pahee. i loaʻa i ka hui malu pu ana o kēia mau hiʻona e loihi aku o kela waiwai.

Aia nō kekahi mau kumu o physical waiwai i mea ano o ka Aluminum.

1. Ke kiʻekiʻe degere o ka malleability a me ka ductility. Mai keia metala paka Lightweight, ikaika a me ka loa wiwi pepa kini, ka mea, uaʻolokaʻa aʻela i loko o uea.
2. Heheʻe wahi - 660 ⁰ C.
3. Paila wahi - 2450 ⁰ C.
4. Nuʻa - 2,7 g. / Knm ^3.
5. Maka-e pili ana aniani puka olu oia i ka leo, hiki ke hooheheeia.
6. Ano o ka pili ana - metala.

Helu, a Nine Inch waiwai o ka Aluminum IeXAaAeAaIEN mau mea o ka palapala noi a me ka pono. Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i wahi luluʻaoʻao, e pāʻani kūlana nui ka ua, ua noʻonoʻoʻia e mākou ma luna ano. E like me ka Lightweight, mau nō a me ka Anati-corrosive metala, ua hoʻohana 'Aluminum ma ka mokulele a me ka shipbuilding. No laila, i kēia mau waiwai i mea nui i ka ike.

Nine waiwai o ka Aluminum

Mai ka Nine Inch viewpoint, noʻonoʻo metala - ikaika hoemi hope paha i mea hiki ke hoike kiʻekiʻe Nine Inch haʻawina, me ka waiwai maemae. Na ka papa kuhikuhiE mea - mea e wehe i ka'okesaside ho film. Ma keia hihia, i ka ha awina maoli he dramatically.

Nine waiwai o Aluminum me he mea waiwai ua nānā 'ia e kona hiki e pane koke me:

• nāʻakika;
• alkalis;
• halogens;
• oho.

No ka mea, aole ia i pane koke me ka wai ma lalo o maʻamau ana. Pela mai ka halogen me ka hahana maoli nō kēia wale reacts me ka iodine. No ka koena o na reactions koi ana wela.

Aia nō ka hōʻikeʻana i ka Nine Inch waiwai o Aluminum examples. Nā helu kaulike AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN reactions:

• nāʻakika - AL + HCL = AlCL ₃ + H _2;
• alkalis - 2Al + 6H ₂ O + 2NaOH = Na [Al ( OH) _4] + 3 H _2;
  
• halogen - AL + Hal = ALHal _3;
• luaipele - 2AL + 3s = AL ₂ S _3.

I mau, keʻano nui waiwai o ka mea - he kiʻekiʻe hana e loaa 'ē ikamu mai lākou i huiʻia.

Regenerative hiki

Ka hoemi mall o ka Aluminum e hoopuni Hahai I e naoh a me nā mea hiki ke hooheheeia oxides. Ua hoopuni e lawe aku oe ia lakou, mai ka waiwai a me ka apono 'ia nei i akaka maka. No kekahi laʻana: Cr ₂ O ₃ + AL = AL ₂ O ₃ + Cr.

Ma ka hana ka mea, he okoa kaʻina hana no ka makaukau o ka waiwai me ka nānā 'ana ma kēia mau reactions. Ua Ua kapaʻia aluminothermy. No laila, i loko o ka Nine Inch hana keia hehee ai ua hoʻohana 'ia no nā mea hiki ke hooheheeia.

Haawi aku i ke ano maoli

E like me ka prevalence o nā metala hehee wale Aluminum na lalani mua. Ua na 8,8% o ka Honua ka pńpa. Inā mākou e like me ka nonmetals, kona wahi o ke kolu, ma hope o oxygen, a silikone.

Aie i ka reactivity kiʻekiʻe, aole ia e hana ana i loko o ke gula palapala, akā, wale me hapa o ia wahi i huiʻia. No ka laʻana, he iiiaanoaa o na mea e hooheheeia ike, nā minelala hao, pohaku, ma a ka haku mele kikowaena Aluminum. Eia naʻe,ʻo ia hua wale mai bauxite, ka maʻiʻo o ka i mea ole he nui ma ka ano.

Ka loa, he pono ole waiwai i loaʻa i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia ma ka ninau:

• feldspars;
• bauxite;
• granites;
• ka silica i;
• Aluminum silicates;
• ʻalā o a me na mea e ae.

Ka uuku dala o ka Aluminum ua pono hui pū i loko o na keena o ko ola meaola. e hiki ke loaa i kēia hehee ai i loko o kou kino no ka ola kekahi laha 'o ka limu a me ka moana mea.

? eaia

Helu, a Nine Inch waiwai o ka Aluminum e leie aku ka mea e launa mai i kekahi wale ala: ma electrolysis o ka mahele heheʻe i ka o ka AYEIE'okesaside. Naʻe, i kēia kaʻina mea technologically luna '. Heheʻe wahi: AL ₂ O ₃ Ua oi aku ia mamua 2000 ⁰ C. No ka mea, o keia, ka mea, ua pololei malalo e electrolysis ua i loaa. No ia mea, ke hoomau aku penei.

1. Koʻu mau bauxite.
2. Huikala ia mai impurities, a koe no wale alumina.
3. A laila, hehee cryolite.
4. 'okesaside i hou me ia.
5. Kēia hui elekrolizuyut haawi maemae Aluminum a me ka o carbon dioxide.

Hua: 99,7%. Naʻe, ka mea e hoomakaukau ai, a hiki i wahine holoi keleawe'ōlinolino i ua hoʻohana 'ia no ka iiaie oaoieei hana.

palapala noi

Ke ÿano waiwai o ka Aluminum mea ole no laila, pono e hana ia i loko o kona gula maikai ano. No laila, ma muli o kēia waiwai oka mea loa pinepine i hoʻohana. Aia he nui loa, hiki ke kapaʻia ka walaʻauʻana.

1. Duralumin.
2. Aluminum a me ka manganese.
3. Aluminum-makanekiuma.
4. Aluminum a me ke keleawe ulaula.
5. Silumin.
6. Avial.

Na ka papa kuhikuhiE koena unuhi - mea, o ka papa, ke kolu-aoao konohiki. All hookumu ana Ua pono Aluminum. Other i eliiaʻi no hoi e ka mea oi mau nō, ka popopo hoʻopale, kapa hoʻopale a pliable ma ka aaioee.

Aia i kekahi mau nui mau mea o ka noi o ka Aluminum i loko o ke gula palapala paha i loko o ka palapala o kona hui (oka a).

1. No ka hana ana o uea a me ka pepa kini hoʻohana i ka maʻamau o ke ola.
2. ? Iecaianoaaiiuo o ka mea aniani.
3. Mokulele.
4. Shipbuilding.
5. ? Ieoaeunoai a me ka kuhikuhipuʻuone.
6. Space oihana puolo.
7. E pili ana reactors.

Together me ka hao, a me ka Aluminum oka a - ka loa nui metala. He mau elele mau o ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika'ōnaehana ua loaʻa i ka loa nui hanalima palapala noi i loko o ka lima o ke kanaka.

Waiwai o ka Aluminum hydroxide

Hydroxide - ka loa, he pono ole hui i 'ano apau loa Aluminum. Nine waiwai o ka mea, e ka mea like me ia no ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia wale - ia amphoteric. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi i ka mea i hiki ke hana i kekahi pālua maoli, e pane koke me nā nāʻakika a me alkalis.

Ma ona iho, ke Aluminum hydroxide - he keokeo gelatinous precipitate. E kiʻi mea maʻalahi Aluminum paakai ano me ka mekala 'åkilikai paha 'amoniuma hydroxide. Ma ka naoh o ka hydroxide me kaʻakika e haawi i ko ka AYEIE maʻamau paakai a me ka wai. Inā puka ka naoh me ka mekala 'åkilikai, ka mea i hana Aluminum hydroxo ma a kona ōhumu helu mea 4. Laʻana: Na [Al (OH) _4] - paʻakai tetragidroksoalyuminat.