Amelika psychologist a me ka sociologist Meyo Elton: Kawaihae, na makana i ka 'epekema. Hawthorne hoʻokolohua

Hoikehonua, haole'ōnaehana kumumanaʻo o ka nānā 'ana ma luna o' epekema manaʻo o kekahi o na kumu kula - ka manaʻoʻike, i lawe i ka mooolelo o ka hana o ko interpersonal pili a me nā lauana o ka hana. Nui na makana i ka kūpono 'ana o ke kula o Management, hoʻolauna Elton Luna. Kanaka ana kula ia i ka hoʻomaka o ka hou noiʻi i loko o ke kula o ka sociology o ka'ōnaehana, ʻaha huiʻike manaʻo a me ka hooponoponoʻike manaʻo.

Elton Luna: A Kawaihae (1880 - 1949)

Meyo Elton Ua hanau ia ma Australia (Adelaide) i ka 1880 i loko o ka ohana o ka maoli-waiwai. Hoʻolala hana e loaa mai ai iaʻu i kona kupuna, ka mea i ka surgeon kaulana, Luna Elton eha makahiki këia lapaau i loko o kekahi hoʻonaʻauao kulanui: Adelaide University, University Edinburgh, ka School o Medicine London. Me ka hana malu ia e na humanities,ʻo ia i loko o 1911 puka 'o ia mai ke Kulanui me ka nui i loko o "ʻike manaʻo."

Meyo Elton Hoʻoholo ihola i hoʻolaʻaʻia lā iā ia iho i ka 'epekema, a ua aoia lakou ma ke Kulanui o Queensland (Brisbane), ukali ma ke Kulanui o Pennsylvania (Philadelphia), a me ka mai 1926 - Harvard Business School (USA). No ka elima makahiki, Meyo Elton, he Kumu a me ka papahana manakia, komo i loko o hanalima noiʻi, hoʻolako ' ia e ka Rockefeller Foundation. Ma hope o ko Laieikawai, oia hoʻoneʻe i Enelani, kahi Meyo Elton make i ka 1949.

Hawthorne ho okolohua Luna

Pakahi aku la ia mea mahaloia ma ka 'epekema kaiāulu i ho okolohua o Elton Luna, i i paʻa i loko o Hawthorne ma kekahi o na alakai poe - "Western uila" i loko o 1927-1932 makahiki. Ke? Iecaianoaaiiuo kaʻina hana i ka hana i hoʻonohonoho i ka manao o ka 'epekema'ōnaehana manaÿo o Taylor a me Ford.

HR'ōnaehana ÷ ua paternalistic. I ka Ia manawa e hana ana i ka ua hoʻohiki hoomau, ola kino lapaʻau a me ke kīnā. Ua kāleleʻAʻole wale ma luna o ka mea i hanaia o ka hanalima nā pono, e like me ka hana o nā haʻuki i nā mahinaʻai, na kula, pōʻeleʻele loa, i ka laau palau, etc. Ka helu o nā aaiuo eaa? - 30 tausani kanaka o kekahi mau nationalities.

kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao o ka like

Ke ao mua i loko o ka hoʻokolohua (1924-1927 GG.) Ua nona ma këia i ke kanawai o Ambient malamalama ma productivity. Ke kuhiakau e pili ana i ka maikaʻi hopena o ka hoʻomālamalama i ole hookupaa iho la ia. Ke noiʻi huki ae hoʻolohe i ka mea i hana productivity ua hoʻololi ma lalo o ka aoao o kela adverse aʻe.

(. 1927-1932) ka lua o ka pae ana o ke ao i ka inoa "Hawthorne ho okolohua" ma i kekahi mau pūʻulu i komo: ka brigade Waihona Noʻeau mika kime ma luna hana exfoliated Mika, typists brigade a me ka brigade ana o na kanaka, ka mea e hōʻoia 'ia ai ke kelepona laina,'ōwili hao o Kahualoa Kokohi, etc. , ka wae ana o ka pūʻulu ua ukuia i aʻo Kīwala'ō o ka hana kūpono - repetitive hana, i koi 'ia kiʻekiʻe miomio.

Ke ae pā o ka Hawthorne ho okolohua

Ma ka ho okolohua ana o ka hui 'oihana Waihona Noʻeau mika i initially ana ma ko lakou mau kanaka kiʻekiʻe o ke productivity. Ma ke kaʻina hana o ka noiʻi poe hana pae hoʻolako i keʻano o nā hiʻona, hoʻololi hana ana, etc. i mea e loaaʻiʻikepili e pili ana i nā kumumea i aloha ia hana. No ka laʻana, he ano o ka paepaeʻana pae i hoʻohana 'e hoʻolauna hou wanaao ae no ka poe i koe, hoemiia manawa pule a me kela la i keia hana,ʻoi loa ka mālamaʻana i ke ola o ka poe hana, oi noonoo ana i haawi mai ai i na i komo o ka ho okolohua me ka poe o ka'ōnaehana.

Mau dala ka pilina i ka hopena o ka hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūlana o ka hana, ka malama ana i ka launa lewa i loko o ke kime. Over manawa, ke kime i ke kaua ma waena o nā wahine lawehana a me ke poo o ka hoʻokolohua, hoomaka productivity e haule. Ma hope iho o ka hoʻokuʻu loa 'ia o kēia mau hana, a lawe ia lakou i ko lakou wahi o ka iiauo i? Iecaianoaaiiuo nona iho ua mahuahua ma ka aneane 30%.

Organizers o ka ho okolohua? Aaeaaaaony i ka hou Hokoana, eager e hōʻike i ko lakou waiwai a me ka maikaʻi-hoʻokahua, akahele ia i kā lākou mau 'oihana dute, a me ka' oi hana, no ka makau o ka hoʻokuʻu, ua lilo no hoi oi hoʻomāhuahua ai.

Ka lua o brigade Pickers, i ka hooponopono ana pae, i uku ia ka uku nui loa no ka pae hana, a me ka mea 'ē aʻe nā hana hea i hanaia no ia mau mea.

Hana Brigade, a i komo i loko o delamination a Mika, e uku e like me na kanaka apana-kōmi hana nenoaiu. typists pūʻulu loaa pule uku ma muli o ka hopena o ka hana i hana pākahi.

Ke kūlana o ka mana hana i loko o Luna

Meyo Elton loaa ia hoike e pili ana i ka hana o ka moʻo o ka haʻawina i loko o ka? Aieao o ka hoʻokolohua, i ho'ākāka 'ia a me ka hoohalike ana i ka hopena, i ka poʻe i aʻo aku i ka noiʻi, ka lehulehu ike lea i ka hopena o ka Hawthorne ho okolohua. Ka poe "Western uila" uku hana o Luna ma ka nui o $ 2,500 no ka makahiki (1929-1933.). I ka pau ana o ka ho okolohua, i ka makahiki 1933,ʻo ia paʻi "He pilikia o hanalima noho maikai ana," he wehewehe haʻiaʻo Luna i hōʻike ole wale i ka hopena o ka noiʻi, a me ka uhi mea o ka lawelawe kumupaʻa o ka hanalima lehulehu.

Ano o ka hopena o Elton Luna

Ke kālailai i nā hualoaʻa o ka Hawthorne ho okolohua, Meyo Elton e kālele ana ma luna o kaʻike manaʻo o ka hana, ka mea maloko mea hoʻonoho o ka hana, i kona manao e hana i ka hana, e like me ka pono me ka manaʻoʻike lewa i loko o ka hui, a alakaʻi kaila.

Kiʻiʻoniʻoni iʻike ia,ʻaʻole lawa ka noonoo ana ua uku Luna mea hana nā makana. Manao e pili ana i ka lawelawe kumupaʻa, Luna memo e like me ka hopena o ka urbanization a me ka industrialization o ke kaiāulu kanaka, uaʻike piʻi i ka nohona ulia (anomie).

Theories Luna

I mau, i ke ao ana o interpersonal ana i loko o ka wahiʻoihana a me nā limahana i 'ae' kanaka e pono ai, e waiho i ke kumu no ka hou noho 'ma ka 'ōnaehana kumumanaʻo, i pili i ka inoa o Elton Luna.

Hopena o ke ao i ke kumu no ka 'epekema iainiiaaiey o ka manaʻo o ka hoʻomaikaʻi productivity like me ka hopena o nā loli i loko o intangible hua'ōlelo. Akä naÿe i ka 'ē theories i i manaoia kumu pilina o ka productivity a me ka uku, Meyo Elton? Aaeaaaaony i ka pono o ka hana e loli ai limahana uku panai me kā lākou wahi i loko o ka hui, pili me nā man- akia a me nā hoapili.

Penei, ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻaha hui moʻomeheu, iaono? Ienoai interpersonal spheres e ki i ka mana e hooponopono, e like me kaulana Elton Luna. Hawthorne ho okolohua hoao i ka makakoho o ke kanaka ole ma luna o ka lako e stimulation noho 'o ka'ōnaehana.

Kontsentsiya kaiapili hana

Akä naÿe i ka aneiai kanaka (Taylor) manaʻo, ka manaʻo o ke kanaka lawelawe hana i waiho ai imua Elton Luna. Management AIM e hoomahuahua productivity i loko o ke kime. Ke hana like, e like kekahi'ē aʻe nohona'ōnaehana, okoa nesummativnosti waiwai, 'o ia hoʻi, irreducibility waiwai o ka'ōnaehana a hiki i ka huina o ka waiwai o kona oihana mua. Nā lālā o ke kookoo, kela mea keia mea o ka poe mea he kanaka me ko lakou mau pono, nele, Pahuhopu, palapala Ua mau ka hanana nohona kahua.

'ōnaehana i kūpono nona ma ka'ōnaehana i ka hana pono. Kēlā me kēia hui e e like. Akā, ano laulā, e olelo ana, he hooponopono ana'ōnaehana nānā 'ana i authoritarianism, i e pokole-olaʻana, a me ka hoʻokō wale nō ma lalo o kekahi mau kumu. hiki wale nō kanaka hana e holomua i ka proviso e ia me kona pono.