Anatomia o ke kuli ami. ke kuli eke

Anatomia o ke kuli ami (Sinelnikov R. D. a me kekahi poe e ae i manao ia ma ka au mamuli) Ua huikau. Kēia ke ami hoi i loko o ke kanaka kino ninoieo o na wahi he nui. Ka pili ana i ma luna o ka loa pilikia wahie, ke kaupaonaʻana o ka makana, kekahi mau manawa oi aku ia mamua kona iho. ami ka manaʻo pohihihi mea ku pono i kona constituent wahi. O lakou na iwi nui o ka laloʻaoʻao.

Ke ami ho okumu ke komo pū ekolu iwi. Ka mea, i pili ma ka mana articular i hoʻomākaukauʻia, a me ka 'ami mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku, a me ka ligaments bursae. Ka a pau ke ami hoi ua kipaku ia e ka wawae Muscle.

Ka 'ole o ke kuli ami

Ke kukuli ninoieo o ekolu iwi, nāʻiʻo, kaulike kona neʻeʻana, nā aʻalolo a hāʻule pahū a me nā ipu koko, meniscus, cruciate ligaments. Oia ka huikau 'ole ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe wahie. eaaaony Anatomia o ke kuli ke ami hoi i kā mākou hooluolu ana ka holo ma 2ʻaoʻao. Ma primates, ke 'ole ka nui hiki pono i ke aloha a hiki i ka 4ʻaoʻao.

I ka ili o ka femur (condyles) i ke kinona o ka ellipsoids. Ke medial condyle i ka oi curvature ma mua o ke kīloi paʻewa. Ma waena o nā condyles i suprapatellaris ili honua. Ua Ua Aia ma ke alo o ka femur, a ua māheleʻia aʻela nā vertical Groove i uuku loko, a ma waho apana oi aku. Ka mea, i pili i ka hope articular surfaces o ka patella.

Condyles kānaka concave, a me ka mai ole ke malama lakou i na huakai hele a me curvature o na condyles o ka femur. I loko nō o kēia discrepancy, interarticular cartilage (kūloko ma, a mawaho meniscus) align ia.

Launch a me ka neʻe

Ke kukuli ke ami hoi ke hana i ka kēia neʻe: flexion, mailaila aku a kuapo. Ke ano o condylar ami. I ka palena manawa menisci i'opihia, ka mea, i ka wā decompressed laila kūlou ihola. No ka mea, o ka collateral ligaments i nanea wale i loko o keia kulana, a me kā lākou IeIIeYOA helu e like kokoke i kekahi i kekahi, he mea i ka manawa kūpono o ka neʻe - kuapo.

I ka kaʻapuni i ka tibia maloko neʻe kaupalena cruciate ligament, oiai ka mea, hoʻonānea mawaho o ka neʻeʻana, a me ka ikaika hawewe ua kaupalena ia e na lou.

menisci

Anatomia o ke kuli ami no na makahiki këia i ka 'ole a me ka hana ana o na menisci like hoʻi me nā palapū pili me ia - i nui loa, he pono ole.

Meniscus - he triangular pā cartilage, ai hanaʻia naʻe ma waho (fused i ka articular mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku) huli ana i ka loko o ke ami, a kuhikuhi. Mai luna ka mea, e concave, flattened lalo. Ma ka pā kihi o ka'anatomia o ka luna kihi o hai tibial condyles.

Ke kīloi paʻewa meniscus Ua hoʻokino e like me ka hapa o ka p ÷ ai a me ka crescent-hoʻokino medial ke hoole.

Haka pono cartilaginous mua una ia lŘlŘ (Via ka transverse iho ligaments) a hoʻi i ka tibia (intercondylar elevation).

Mele chords

Pōkole'anatomia o ke kuli mau wehewehe cruciate ligaments (anterior a me ka posterior), a i aia 'ana i loko o ke kuli. Ka mea, i kapaʻia intracapsular ligaments.

Ma waho aʻeo ia ia i loko o ka ami i kīloi paʻewa collateral (medial a kīloi paʻewa). Ka mea, i kapaʻia vnekapsulnymi ligaments, e like me ka mea, i waho o ka ami mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku.

Vnekapsulnye ligament hōʻike tibial a fibular collateral ligament. Ka mea, hoʻomaka me ka medial a me ka kīloi paʻewa epicondyle o ka femur, a pili i ka uka epiphysis o ka tibia, a me ka pā ili o ka fibula, niioaaonoaaiii. Pu ua mau mea pili i ka ami mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku.

Intracapsular ligament, anterior a me posterior cruciate hoʻomaka 'ia ma ka pā ili o ke kīloi paʻewa, a medial femoral condyle, hele aku a loko (ma lalo, a ma loko), e kaa ma ke alo a me ka hope kahua o ka tibia, niioaaonoaaiii.

kākoʻo ligament

Hi ona'anatomia o ke kuli ke ami hoi i hou i ka ke kūʻai '-articular a keu-articular ligaments, a me nā haʻawina.

Patellar tendon ligament kapaia ka 4 poo 'ūhā nāʻiʻo, i hele mai, mai ka luna i lalo, e hele i ka patella, huna ia ma luna o nā mea a pau aoao, a kŰlń ao ia i ka tibia. Ke kīloi paʻewa tendon laulau mea ma nāʻaoʻao a me ke poo o ka patella a hiki i ka medial, a me ka kīloi paʻewa condyle o ka tibia. Ka mea, nāna i hana i ka pā, a he loko kākoʻo i ka patellar ligament.

Ma ke kākoʻo ligaments o ka patella ka mea, he papamoe kaola, a i pili i ka epicondyle o ka femur. Launch kākoʻo ligaments - hoopaa i ka patella ma ka wahi.

Ma hope o ka ami mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku ua ikaika ma ka kēlā popliteal ligament. Ua hoomaka mai ka condyle o ka tibia, a pili i ka condyle o ka femur, e haawi ana i ka ami mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku o nā kaola. Pūpū i hapa kaola o ka uha nāʻiʻo tendons,ʻo ia ka semimembranosus Muscle.

Ke arcuate popliteal ligament mea i hoʻomau ana ma ka malama ana i ka patella. Ua hoomaka mai ka femur a me ka fibula, a ua pili i ka tibial. Pua, a hoʻomaka a me ka welau ma ka kīloi paʻewa condyle.

Kīloi paʻewa meniscus kukuli ligament hoʻohuiʻia ma luna o lākou alo ili.

Front meniskobedrennaya ligament originates mai ka anterior hapa o ka medial meniscus, e e mai, a waho i ke kīloi paʻewa femoral condyle.

Hope o meniskobedrennaya ligament originates mai ka posterior palena mawaho meniscus e keu aku, a ma loko i ka medial femoral condyle.

Condylar kukuli mau hana like ginglymoid i ana ma ka unbent kulana. Anatomia o ke kuli mau e leie aku oe i ka ao ma luna o ka vertical (axis) i loko o ka manao kūlana.

ami mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku

Ke articular mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku ua pili i nā mea a pau ekolu o na iwi limahana ma ami ho okumu.

Ma ka femoral IeIIeYOA ia lŘlŘ ma lalo o ka epicondyle, a hiki i ka tibial - ma ka ami ili o ka patella a hiki i ka - ma ka articular ili honua.

Synovialʻili lahilahi uhi ka ai pili aku ili i ka iwi a me ka cartilage laina i ka cruciate ligaments. Ma waho aʻeo i ka'ōlohelohe 'ole o kaʻili lahilahiʻano he iiiaanoaa o synovial villi a me ka pā.

Loa ke kino pā - o ka'ēheu. Ka mea, e ma kekahiʻaoʻao o ka patella iluna. A no ma waena o lākou a lahilahi podnadkolennikovoe momona kino.

Podnadkolennikovaya synovial plica mea o lalo o ka iwi, o ka hoomau ana i ka'ēheu-hoʻokino pā. Originates ma luna o ka patella, o ka ami lua, ua pili ia i ka mua kae o ka lua, ma waena o nā condyles o ka femur.

Synovial kukuli hope mauʻeke:'anatomia a me ka 'ole

Mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku kukuli ami synovial pepa kekahi mauʻeke. Ka mea, e ia i loko o kekahi mau wahi o nāʻiʻo a me tendons, moe loko, a ma waena o lakou. Bursa iʻia i waena o nā iwi a me nā ligaments.

Tendon 4-poo'ūhā nāʻiʻo a me ka anterior ili o ka patella pu kuahene podsuhozhilnuyu prepatellar eke.

Pua patella a me ka tibia pu i hana i ka hohonu suprapatellaris bursa. I kekahi manawa ka mea, i ka pili a hiki i ke kuli hui lua, hoʻokaʻawaleʻia ma ka papa o ka momona.

He ka nui loa bursae o ke kuli ami.

Oie wawae o ke kuli:'anatomia a me ka wahi

No ka maʻamau ana o ke kuli, aia nō i ka helu o nāʻiʻo, i hiki ke maheleia e like me kā lākou wahi:

• Ke alo o ka uha - ka quadriceps Muscle.
• Hamstring - biceps, semitendinosus, semimembranous.
• Lilo o ka uha - nui, liʻiliʻi, lōʻihi, pōkole, adductors, waihona meli Muscle.

Main mea he wahi kahi lele 3 femoris - kā, semitendinosus a me ka lahilahi. Ma keia wahi, a ua hana Oie wāwae, ma ka bursa ke aupuni '.

Nā palapū o ke kuli ami

Kukuli eha - he nui loa, he pono ole kŰia. I mea e diagnose i ke kumu o ka eha i loko o ka hui, ke kauka pinepine e koho i MRI. Anatomia o ke kuli (iwi, ligaments, nāʻiʻo, arteries, a no laila, ma luna o. D.) Hiki i loko o ke kiʻi, a e hooholo i ke kumu o ka discomfort.

Loa pinepine i kukuli eha kiʻi i nā 'âlapa, like hoʻi me ka poʻe i hana kŰia physical hana. I mea e emi i ka pilikia o ka iho hui poino, e pono ai i mau hooikaika na nāʻiʻo a me ligaments. Hana na mea kino o ka hui kino, inu mau wikamina-mea pōhaku eiiieaenu. A pau o kēia mau ana kōkua, e hooikaika i ka kuli hui, a na nāʻiʻo, ma o na la ia e neʻe.