"Babi Yar" - poem e Yevgeny Yevtushenko. I ka pōʻino o Babi Yar

"Babi Yar" - he poem i kākauʻia e Evgeniem Evtushenko, ka mea i walawala ole wale i ka pōʻino o ka luahi o Nazism, akā, i kona loa kapu ma Soviet manawa. A no ke aha la i lilo kēia mau poem i kekahi mea i kekahi keakea e kue i ke kulekele o ke aupuni laila, o ka USSR, like me ka hōʻailona o ke kaua ana i ka hoʻokae 'ana o na Iudaio, a me ka mohaikuni ole.

I ka pōʻino o Babi Yar

Umikumamaiwa September 1943 Nazi pūʻali kaua i komo i ke kapikala o Ukraine, Kiev. He umi mau lā ma hope o ka Naita me ia ma ka ke keʻena luna o ka German kauoha, a i ka guerrilla commando pae, ka mea i hoʻoholo e'Āhewa ia ma luna o nā Iudaio. Akā, o ka papa, keia ua he pretext, i ke kumu o keia nui pepehi kanaka wale nō. Ka mea, ua pau e pili ana i ka "hope pāʻoihana" E pili, i mea kekahi o ka mua ua hoano e ka Kiev. o ka poe Iudaio a pau o ke kulanakauhale alii i puni, i lawe mai i na outskirts, puʻe wale akula kēlā i ka waiwai pio he kapaʻole, a me ka ua pana mai i loko o ke awāwa i kapa Babi Yar. Poem Yevgeny Yevtushenko laʻa a hiki i kēia hanana weliweli. A laila, ma kahi o kanakolu-eha tausani kanaka, na wahine a me na keiki i ka noonoo e pepehi ana i ka oihana koa hana. Hooko hoomau ma ka hahai mahina, a me nā mōhai a pau, ua pio, a mentally inoino kanaka, a me na guerrillas. Akā, no ka pilikia i ole, a hiki i keia hewa, a aho,ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o laila. No ka nui makahiki, ka Soviet aupuni hoole i kaʻike i ka lono kaumaha hanana ma Babi Yar ua hapa o ka Iudaio genocide - i ka mohaikuni. Kēia walawala ai i ka haku mele.

moʻolelo palapala

Evtushenko Evgeniy Aleksandrovich i ka hui kūlana. Kona Kawaihae a me kaʻike hoʻokumu nema aku ana a me ka hoʻoleʻa aku, mai nāʻaoʻao. Kekahi manaoio nei au nana nanea i ke aloha o na Aupuni, a oia honi i loko o ka Soviet Union. 'Ē aʻe ho'āʻo e heluhelu kokoke ma kela a me keia o kana mau hana huna keakea memo a me kėia manawa. Akā, e ia me ka mea i, he haku mele hoihoi i loko o ke kumuhana, a hiki i ka makahiki kakahiaka. He heluhelu i ka poem Ehrenburg hoolilo i Babi Yar. Akā, ma laila, e like me ka hoakaka ma ka Soviet propaganda, i kekahi mea i olelo mai no ke aupuni affiliation o naʻia. Ka mea, i kapaia "Soviet kanaka". A me Yevtushenko, e like me ia i hope kakau iho la, ua lōʻihi makemake e hoʻolaʻa poem pilikia o Anati-Semitism ma ka Soviet Union.

Hele aku i Kiev

I ka 1961 kipa Evtushenko Evgeniy Aleksandrovich ke kapikala o Ukraine. He holo ma luna o ka weliweli a me ka ua ka mānaʻonaʻo i ka ike i ka mea, he kia hoʻomanaʻo i ole wale i ka mōhai, akā, i kekahi olelo ai o ia. Ma ke kahi hooko ana o kanaka, i i dump. Ma ke kahi o nā iwi innocently pepehi i, hele mai la i ia i kona kalaka, a dumped hoʻopailua ka'ōpala. I ka haku mele, manao iho la ia e hana ai i ke Aupuni mea eʻakaʻaka i pana. He hoi aku la i ka hotele, a ma laila i loko o ka lumi no kekahi mau hola kakau iho la, "Babi Yar." Ka poem hoʻomaka me ka laina i mea ole ma ka loa o ke kia.

ke ano,

I ka wā o ka haku mele ike mea i lilo Babi Yar, oia Kahalaopuna makau. A he e like Yevtushenko i like me nā mea a pau loa-e loaa ana Iudaio kanaka. Nā laina o ka poem e noho pu me ia i ka moʻolelo weliweli o ke pio a me ka hoomaau, a me loko o Rusia, kahi wale i kuha wale aku kahi o ka hoomaopopo i ka hoomanao ana o kēia kanaka. He kākau e pili ana i ka haunaele, a me ka mōhai o ka fascism a me ka heartlessness - o Anati-Semitism ma nā mea a pau kona guises. Akā, no ka nui o kona inaina pono bureaucratic mīkini o kaʻiʻo nō o kēia haku mele o ka totalitarianism - ka mea, ua olelo ku e ia i ke kumu nui mokupuni o ka poem.

Ka mua lehulehu helehelena

E heluhelu i ka mua Yevtushenko "Babi Yar"? Back i loko o ka lumi hokele o Kiev mau Verses mua lohe Ukrainian haku mele Vitaly Korotych a me Ivan Drach. Ka mea, noi aku la ia ia e heluhelu i kekahi poem i hana mua i ka hoolohe, a i paʻa i ka kēia lā. Me na lono o ka poem i hele mai i ka kūloko Aupuni, ka mea i ho'āʻo i ka pale aku i ka halawai ana o ka haku mele a me ka lehulehu. Akā, ka mea, ua Hawaiʻi moku. Pela ka mea i wāwahi i ka pā o ka mumule ana i waho a puni o ka pōʻino i loko o Babi Yar. Ke poem Ua lōʻihi swirled ma samizdat. A lohe o Yevtushenko heluhelu i kona ma Moscow Polytechnical Museum, a puni ka hale i kekahi kanaka i māhunehune paʻa hoʻi ma ka makai.

ka paʻi

Ma Sepatemaba o ka ia makahiki, "Babi Yar" - Yevtushenko poem - i mua paʻiʻia i loko o "ka palapala, ai Nupepa". E like me ke komo ana o ka mea kākau, e kākauʻana i kēia mau poem ua he hailona hiki pono ma mua, e hoolaha ia. Luna Nui hoʻoponopono o "ka palapala," paipai ana ia mea paha ia e kī, ina eʻaʻa e kakau i ka poem. Aka,ʻo ia i kēia wiwo hele ma ka hoolaa i kēia puke lā hoʻomanaʻo ana i ka hopu ana o Kiev ma na kēia kanaka Kelemānia. Eia hou, Ua paʻiʻia ka poem ma ka mua 'aoʻao o ka nupepa, a he o Laielohelohe i ka hoolohe. Kēia paiia o "ka palapala," ua like me he kŰia i snapped i pau kope i ka lā hoʻokahi. No ka mea manawa mua i loko o nā 'aoʻao o ka kūhelu Soviet paʻi puke hōʻike walohia no ka pōʻino o ka Iudaio kanaka, a i ike i ke ola ana o Anati-Semitism ma ka Soviet Union. No ka nui loa, ua hoailona iho e like me ka reassuring memo. Akā naʻe, i ole e hele mai i kēiaʻoiaʻiʻo. Ma ka 'ē aʻe lima, i nā manawa he hou Stalinist, a me ka hoomaau, a repression mea nō,ʻaʻole forthcoming.

resonance

Ea ae ina keia huli o place Yevtushenko? "Babi Yar" Ua kauoha ae la ka weliweli nä Temepela i loko o ka luna Soviet alakaʻi. Poem noonoo "ideologically erroneous". Akā,ʻaʻole wale nō i ke aupuni a me ka aoao luna, he olioli ole. Kekahi mau moʻolelo a me nā haku mele i paʻi 'atikala, poem a pepelu e ku e ia Yevtushenko. Ka mea, kamailio e pili ana i ka mea i ka mea,ʻo ia i ka hoikeia o ka Iudaio ahonui, na miliona o ka poe make Russian hoopoina. Khrushchev aku la i ka mea kākau o ka poem hōʻike kālai'āina immaturity a sings ia me ka leo o na kanaka e. Aka hoi, "Babi Yar", i ka mea kākau o ka i lilo i ka piko o ka pau kēia mau scandals i unuhi 'ia i loko o nā' ōlelo a pau. Verses i paʻiʻia ma ka kanahiku-mau Hawaii. Ma ka hopena, i kēia mau paʻi puke i Yevtushenko honua kaulana. Akā, me ka hoʻoponopono o ka nüpepa, i paʻi i ka poem, nō i kī pū.

I ka pōʻino o ka pana o ka poe Iudaio ma Kiev a me kona mau manaʻo i loko o ke akamai

No ka laʻana Yevtushenko, ka mea i kākau "Babi Yar", poem e pili ana i kēia mau hanana hoomaka e hakuʻia a me nā kākau. Eia hou kekahi, ka poe haku mele, ka poe i kākau hoolaa i ka make lalani mua hoʻoholo ole e hoopaa hou o ia i loko o ka "papaaina." No laila, i ke ao nei i ike ai i na Verses Rotehama Bazhana Moiseya Fishbeyna, Leonid Pervomaisky. About kēia hanana hoʻomaka e kamaʻilio. Ma ka hopena, he luawai-ike Soviet haku mele Dmitri Shostakovich, ka mua hapa o kaʻumikumamākolu Symphony i kākau i loko o ka kikokikona o ka Yevtushenko poem. Akā, he umi makahiki mua mau Verses, hele ae la no hoi oia i ka wahi o ka hooko, a kū ma laila ma luna o ka pali. Akā, i ka wa o ka hekili a me ka uila wawahi ae la maluna o ka poo o ka haku mele ma hope o ka lehulehu ākea o "Babi Yar," halawai mai la ia me ia a hoʻoholo i kākau i ka symphony e like mau mea, a me nā hana o ka mea kākau.

Yevtushenko, ka mea mua, e hoolohe i ka mele, i walawala ai ma pehea pono Shostakovich e hoʻokele i noonoo i kona mau manaʻo i loko o leo. Akā, ma hope o ia, holo aku la no hoi ka haku mele i loko o ka pilikia. Mele hoole e hana i ka vocal symphony (oi loa ma hope o ka manaʻo aʻo o ka laila Ukrainian Aupuni). Akā, Ka Mua o ka wahi, a kauoha ae la i piha ka hale, a he ku ovation. A ahakanaka ominously mālie. Ua alakai aku ai i ka mea i ka symphony ua lilo i unwitting h ÷ ike o ka olelo la e ku e ia Soviet mana.

I ka mana o ke akamai

I ka 1976, ma ka symbolic wahi mea nō he kia hoʻomanaʻo. Babi Yar ma ia manawa i mua, ua piha i ma hope o ka? Aneie poino, i ka wa a ka makua nahae, a me ka paulele i ka hoʻomana kaiaulu kahe ka wai i hui pūʻia me ka pālolo. Akā, ma ka mea i 'ae' olelo mai i kekahi olelo e pili ana i ka luahi o ka mohaikuni. Ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i hoolaa ai i ka make ana o ka pio Soviet koa a me nā luna. Akā, kona loa okoʻa no ka manawa i me ka poem Yevtushenko lāua pili. pâʻani 'o ia i ka mana o oe ke kūlana. Na laila poo o ka Ukrainian aupuni noi Moscow e hoʻonā i kūkulu i mea hoʻomanaʻo hōʻailona. He Ua nema aku ma ke ao nei kaomi 'aʻole e noonoo i ka pā o ka pōʻino. A poem Yevtushenko Ua papaia e heluhelu akea ma Kiev a hiki i ka manawa o ka "perestroika". Akā, he mea manawa he kia hoʻomanaʻo i loko o ka'āpana Babi Yar. Ukraine, ua loaa kuokoa, haawi aku la i ka symbolic kukui-menorah. A me ka Iudaio ilina o ka mea, ua kīpapa akula me slabs alanui o ke kaumaha. I keia la o Ukraine Babi Yar lilo i ka mōʻaukala-paipai manaʻo luna 'o ka lahui nui. Ke kahua o ka Reserve me he epigraph ua'ōlelo mai ka poem e Yevtushenko. I ka hope makahiki kuhikuhi seventieth o kēia pōʻino, ka pelekikena Ukrainian mai la ia i ka hoʻokumu o ka mea paipai manaʻo ma Babi Yar mohaikuni mea nui no a pau o ka manaʻo kanaka, no ka mea pono e ike i ka pilikia o ka inaina, a me ka bigotry racism.