Bashkir: hoomana, loina, moʻomeheu

Rusia - he multiethnic aupuni. Ka moku'āina ua nohoʻia e nā kānaka likeʻole ka poe i kā lākou hilinaʻi, moʻomeheu a me nā kuʻuna Hawaiʻi. Ma ka Volga Pekelala District loaʻa nō kekahi kumuhana o ka Lūkini Hui - Repubalika o Bashkortostan. Ka mea, e pili ana i ka Ural aneiai apana. Kēia kumuhana o ka Russian Hui ma ka palena o Orenburg, Chelyabinsk a me Sverdlovsk wahi, ke Perm Teritore, na Republics i loko o ka Russian Hui - Udmurtia a me Tatarstan. Ke kapikala o Bashkortostan o Ufa. Lepupalika o ka mua kū kaʻawale ma luna o ka lāhui i kai. Ua Ua hana i ka 1917. Ma hua'ōlelo o ka heluna kanaka (oi ma mua o eha miliona kanaka), ka mea no hoi i ka wahi mua i waena o nā autonomies. Lepupalika hoolahaia'ku [na kanaka advantageously Bashkirs. Moʻomeheu, ka hoʻomana, mooolelo o keia lahuikanaka, e ia i ke kumuhana o ko mākou 'atikala. Ua pono e olelo mai,ʻaʻole i nā Bashkirs noho wale i loko o ka Repubalika o Bashkortostan. Ka Poeikohoia o na kanaka hiki ke loaʻa i loko o nā māhele o ka Russian Hui, a me ka Ukraine, a Hungary.

He aha ke ano o kanaka - na Bashkirs?

Kēia lāhui 'ōiwi heluna o ka ia inoa ma ka Mokuna wahi. Inā o ka heluna o ka oi ma mua o eha miliona kanaka, i ka lāhui Bashkirs ia mea hale wale 1172287 kanaka i (e like me ka mea hope i helu i ka 2010). I ka pau ana o ka Russian Hui he mau lala hapalua o ka miliona o keia lahui. About hoʻokahi haneri tausani hele wale aku no. Bashkir'ōlelo ia anao? Aou, mai ke West-Hawaiianʻohana subgroups aku nei. Akā, kākau a ke kakahiaka nui iwakalua kenekulia, ka mea, i ua ma muli o ka Apapika kōmi'ōkuhi. Ma ka Soviet Union, "ka olelo paa ma luna," Ua unuhi 'ia i loko o he Roma, a ma ka makahiki o ko Stalin ka rula - ka Cyrillic Hawaiʻi. Akā, ia mea,ʻaʻole wale nō ka 'ōlelo e hoohui mai ia kanaka. Ka ponaʻana ololi, hiki e hookoe i ko lakou paha, ka ', a me ka hoomana nei. Loa i manaoio Bashkirs - i Sunni Nā Poʻe Isalama. Aia ma lalo ke kakau i hou au mamuli o ko lakou hoomana ana.

I ka moolelo o na kanaka

E like me nā kānakaʻepekema, ka Bashkirs kahiko hōʻike Herodotus a me Klavdiy Ptolemey. "Makua o History" Argippeans i kapa ia, a kuhikuhi mai i kēia mau poʻe i hoʻoponopono i loko o Scythian, akā,'ī akula i loko o kekahi olelo. Pākēʻoihana aliʻi ia o ka huakaʻi me ka Bashkirs i na ohana o ka Huns. Ma ka "Book o Sui" (hiku o ka kenekulia) Shoes aupuni 'ē aku Bay a me bo Ding-Han. Ka mea hiki ke hōʻike 'like me ka Bashkirs a me Volga Bulgars. Hoʻolauna hou mōakaaka medieval ¶ʻO'Araba kaʻahele. Kahi o 840 Sallam AL-Tardzhuman kipa i ka aina, ho'ākāka 'ia ma kona palena a me ka aoao o ke ola ana o nā kupa. He characterizes na Bashkirs me he kuokoa lāhui kanaka, e noho ana ma luna o nā kumu o ka Ural mauna huahelu, ma waena o nā muliwai Volga, Kama, Tobol a me Yaikom. Ka mea, he kalaka nui-nomadic pastoralists, akā, loa militant. ¶ʻO'Araba hele Shoes animism, a hana i nā Bashkirs kahiko. Hoomana ana ia mea, i ko lakou poe akua: ke kau a me ka hooilo, ka ua a me ka makani, ka wai a me ka honua, ka lā a me ka po, na lio, a me nā kānaka, ka make. O ka papa kuhikuhiE ua laniʻUhane ma luna o lākou. I ka hilinaʻi o Bashkirs i hui pū oihana mua o ka totemism (kekahi ohana koʻi kaua nā manuʻioʻio, ka iʻa a me ka nahesa) a me ka shamanism.

Nui hope o ka Danube

I ka iwa o ka kenekulia, na? Uyie aa? O na Urals ma ka huli o ka maikaʻiʻai haalele ole wale na kahiko Magyars. Ka mea, i hui ma kekahi o ka Bashkir ohana - Kese, Ainea, Yurmaty a me na mea e ae. Kēia nomadic confederation, mua noho i loko o ka wahi ma waena o ka Dnieper a me Don, ho okumu i ka aina Levediyu. I ka hoʻomaka o kaʻumi o ke kenekulia, ma lalo o ke alakaʻiʻana o'Arepada, ua hoomaka ae la ka paepaeʻana hou komohana. E holo i ka Carpathians ma nomadicʻohana lanakila oia Pannonia, a hoʻokumu Hungary. Akā, mākou e ole manaʻo i assimilated koke na Bashkirs me ka Magyars kahiko. Ua maheleia nāʻohana, a hoʻomaka e noho ana ma luna o nā kapa o ke Danube. Hilinaʻi Bashkirs, ka mea i Islamized a hiki i loko o nā Urals, i ke kiʻekiʻe o UAIAaIN e monotheism. ¶ʻO'Arabaʻoihana aliʻi o ka umikumamalua o ka kenekulia e hōʻike 'ia ma ka'ākau kapa o ke Danube noho ma Karistiano Khunkar. A ma kaʻaoʻao hema o ke aupuni o Hungary ola Bashgird-Nā Poʻe Isalama. ka mea, i ke kumu nui kūlanakauhale keratitis. O ka holo ana, Hoʻomana Mohameka mea i loko o ka naʻau o Europe hiki ole ola no ka lōʻihi. Ua i loko o kaʻumikumamākolu kenekulia, i ka hapanui o ka Bashkirs huli i Kristiano. A i loko o nā Nā Poʻe Isalamaʻumikumamāhā ma Hungary ka mea, uaʻaʻole i nā mea a pau.

Tengrianism

Akā hoʻi a hiki i ke kakahiaka nui lā, ma mua o ka neʻeʻana o ka nomadicʻohana, mai ka Urals. E noʻonoʻo iā mākou i loko o nui au mamuli o ka hilinaʻi, a laila, hooia Bashkirs. Keia hoomana i kapaia Tengri - i ka inoa o ka Makua o na mea a pau a me ka Akua o ka lani. Ma ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa, e like me ka Bashkirs kahiko, eia ekolu mau mea:'āina ma luna o laila, a ma lalo ia. A ua kela a me keia o ia mau mea, aʻike makaʻole hapa. Ka lani Ua maheleia i loko o kekahi mau tiers. Ma na lani kiekie loa noho Tengri Khan. Bashkirs, i ole i ike i ka moku'āina ua, nae, he akaka manaʻo o ka mana vertical. A pau i nā akua'ē, he kuleana no, ao ke ano o ka 'ano (na kau, ka ino, ka ua, ka makani, etc.) a me irrevocably e waiho ai i Khan Tengri. Makamua Bashkirs i i manaoio i ke ala hou ana o ka uhane. Akā, ka mea i manaoio aku i ka lā, e hele mai i ka mea i noho i loko o ke kino, a e hoʻomau i ka noho ma luna o ka honua nei i moe ai naita ma aoao o ke ola.

I huiia me Hoʻomana Mohameka

I ka umi o ka kenekulia, ka ?? eoi? I noho ia e na Bashkirs a me Volga Bulgars, hoomaka ae la e komo iloko Muslim misionari. Akä naÿe i ka bapetizo ana o Rusia, a halawai me ka inaina ia'ku o ka pagan kanaka, nomadic tengriantsy maliu Hoʻomana Mohameka me kekahi excesses. I ka manaʻo o ka hoomana Bashkirs e akakaʻi hui me ka manaʻo o kekahi i ke Akua, a ka Baibala i haawi mai. Tengri lilo pili ia i ke Akua. Aka hoi, "i ka lalo akua" ka poe i kuleana no na kumu mua, a maoliʻike manaʻo, ua lōʻihi ua paʻa ma kiʻekiʻeʻia. Ano ka Trail o kahiko hilinaʻi hiki ke Hahai I ma ka'ōlelo akamai, oihana a me rituals. Mākou ke i aku nei au ia Tengriism refracted i loko o ka hū ike paka ana o na kanaka, e pili ana i ke ano o ka moʻomeheu kŰia.

Ke apono o Hoʻomana Mohameka

Ka mua Muslim kanu ana i loko o ke Aupuni Lepupalika o Bashkortostan i hana ia i ka walu o ka kenekulia. Akā, e hoopono ana ma na mea i loaʻa i loko o ka pā ilina, ka mea hiki ke ike i ka mea i make hoʻoneʻe 'ia paha i ka i Ua'ē ke kanaka. Ma kekahi kakahiaka nui ke kahua lapaau o ka kūloko heluna i Hoʻomana Mohameka (umi kenekulia) hookani i ka nui a Mānoa mikionali na launa hoahanau me Naqshbandiyya a me Yasaviya. Ka mea, i hele mai, mai na kulanakauhale o Central Asia,ʻano nui mai Bukhara. Ua hoʻoholo ihola i ka mea manawa i ka hoomana ana i na Bashkirs. Ma hope o Bukhara aupuni hahai ma hope Sunni Hoʻomana Mohameka, a ua pili loa intertwined Sufi manao a me Hanafi hoakaka o ka Koran. Akā, no ka palena hoalauna,ʻaʻole kēia mau nuances a pau o Hoʻomana Mohameka he maopopo. Franciscans John-Hungary a me William ua noho noke no ka makahiki eono ma Bashkortostan, hoouna aku la i ka 1320 i ka communique i General o kona mea: "He loaʻa i ka Moi Baskardii a kokoke a pau o kona mau ohua loa iho mailoko o Sarakena hewa." A me keia paipai i apo Hoʻomana Mohameka ma ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia umikumamaha, ka hapanui o ka heluna kanaka o ka aina.

hui Rusia

I ka 1552, ma hope o ka haule ana o Kazan Khanate, Bashkiria lilo kekahi hapa o ke Moscow aupuni. Akā, ua stipulated i nā lunakahiko o ka pono o kekahi kū kaʻawale. No laila, Bashkirs ke hoʻomau i kō lākou'āina pono'ī, hana i ko lakou hoomana ana, a me ke ola i ke kahiko ala o ke ola. Local lio komo i loko o ka Lūkini kaua aku i nā kaua e ku ei ka Livonian Papa. Hoomana ana i waena o ka Tatars a me Bashkirs i kekahi mau okoa manaʻo. Ka hope apo Hoʻomana Mohameka nui mamua. A ua lilo lakou hoomana ana i ka ololi o ke pakiko-ka hōʻoiaʻana o ke kanaka. Me ka ka piʻiʻana o Bashkiria i Rusia, a hiki i ka māhele 'āina i hoomaka ai e komo iloko o ka Muslim dogmatic cults. State ke aikane, e malama i ka hooponopono ana a pau i ka malama pono o ka aina, i kukuluia i ka 1782 ma Ufa muftiat. He uhane domination alakai aku ai i ka mea i loko o ka umikumamaiwa kenekulia, ua uhaʻi i manaoio lua penei. Kekahi traditionalist'ēheu (kadimizm), reformist (Jadidism) a me ka ishanizm (nalowale laa kumu o Sufism).

A hoomana Bashkirs manawa?

Mai ka makahiki kenekulia, i loko o ka'āina i mau kipi ku ei ka mea mana akau-komohana hoalauna. Pakahi aku la ia pinepine i loko o ka umikumamawalu kenekulia. Mauʻo Libena Ua wale uhi pū. Akā, na Bashkirs, kona hoomana ana ua he rallying hehee ai o ka hoʻoponopono-ka hōʻoiaʻana o ka poʻe i kauoha aku e malama i ko lakou mau mea e pono ai ke manaoio. Ka mea, e hoʻomau e hōʻoia aku Sunni Hoʻomana Mohameka me ka oihana mua o Sufism. Eia naʻe, Bashkortostan o ka uhane waena no a pau Lūkini Nā Poʻe Isalama. Ma ka Lepupalika laila, he oi o ekolu haneri mosques, Islamic Institute, kekahi mau madrasas. Ufa o ka Central ka uhane Papa o Nā Poʻe Isalama o Rusia.

Haipule Bashkir moÿomeheu haʻawina

People malamaia a i kakahiaka nui mālama '-Islamic hilinaʻi. Ma këia oihana Bashkirs, e hiki ike ia i loko o ia mau mea, he mea syncretism. No laila, Tengri ua lilo ma na naau o na kanaka i loko o kekahi i ke Akua, Allah. ino daimonio a loaʻa iā manaʻo i na kanaka jinn - me ka Muslim uhane'ē aʻe i nā kiʻi i pili. A kūikawā wahi i waena o lākou ua nohoia Yorty eyyahe (Analog Slavic hale), Huu eyyahe (ka wai) a me Shurale (daimonio). An ki i maikaʻi o ka haipule syncretism malama i komohia auaneʻi, a, a me na niho a me ka manamana o ka holoholona, mai ka hewa maka kōkua i kākau 'ia ma birch wauke olelo mai ka Koran. Grachinoye Holiday Kargat bea ko läkou 'o ka cult o kūpuna, ka wā o nāʻano hana porridge haʻalele ma luna o ke kahua. He nui rituals hana i hanau, hoʻolewa a me ka mea hoʻomanaʻo hana, kekahi hoike i ka pagan hala ana o na kanaka.

Other hoomana ana ma Bashkortostan

Haawi ia mai o ka huina heluna kanaka o ka lāhui Bashkirs e i wale kekahi hapaha, hai e e i e pili ana i nā hoomana ana. Mua o nā mea a pau, ka mea, o Orthodox Kristiano, a komo iloko o 'aneʻi me ka mea mua Lūkini noho (i ka pau ana o ka XVI kenekulia.). Ma hope ka mea, noho ihoʻaneʻi, a me Old manaoio. Ma ka XIX kenekulia, ma ka'āina i hele mai i ka Kelemānia a me ka Iudaio mau haku. Aia he kekahi Lutheran ekalesia, a me ka hale häläwai. I ka lilo kekahi hapa o ka Russian aupuni a pau Poland a me Lithuania, hoomaka ae la e noho koa i ka maka, a a hoʻokuewa wale 'Kakolika. I ke kakahiaka nui iwakālua kenekulia ma Ufa panalaau ia neʻe Baptists mai Kharkiv māhele 'āina. Nunui-ka lāhui i ka heluna o ka Repubalika, a ua i ke kumu o ke 'ano o ka hilinaʻi, i ka loa tolerant' ōiwi Bashkirs. I ka hoomana ana o ka lāhui kanaka, a me kona hoʻomaopop 'ana i syncretism, mea no he hehee ai o ka lāhui i kona' ano pono'ī.