Biathlon: ka mōʻaukala a me ka ulu ana

Kekahi o ka loa hanohano ka hooilo sport mea biathlon. I ka moolelo o kona muli a me ka hooulu ana i ua pilikia. Akā,'ānō i kēia sport ka mea, he nui a oi kânaka.

Ka moolelo o ka

Kekahi o ka loa a me ka hana hoihoi pīhoihoi haʻuki ma ka hooilo ua manaoia e ia i ka biathlon, ka mōʻaukala o ka hanana no i moe i loko o ka maʻamau o ke ola o na kanaka kahiko o ka North. Ka mea, hoʻohana xi no ioioie? I loko o ka hooilo. Ua hiki e mai la, a ua ka mua biathlon.

I ka moolelo o ka hanana o panina biathlon like me ka sport i kahi o na makahiki elua haneri a me kanalima makahiki. Omaka kou alaila e kaili i loko o Norway, ma ka kūloko palena kiai ma 1767 ma ka mokuna me Kuekene hoʻonohonoho i ka Competition ma ka pana ma ka pale ma ka Ski kaolo, mai ka mauna mai.

Naʻe, i ka lealea o ka biathlon? Acaeoey a me ka haawi aku i wale i loko o ka kakahiaka iwakalua kenekulia. Akā, e hele mai ia me kekahi mau pilikia.

No ka mea manawa mua i loko o ka twenties o ka hope kenekulia i nui-ka unahiʻole, i mālama 'hanana lealea, like i ka biathlon. I ka moolelo o ka Pâʻani 'Olumepika' Olumepika i i Farani, i mea kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka Competition i kapaia "patrol lahui." Akā, koke ka sport pilikia. Ma ka nâ Pâʻani 'Olumepika i ka makahiki 1948, ka polokalamu kela aoao o ka biathlon, na rula o ka Competition ma a ma ia manawa i ole i ua ana hōʻike.

Akā, i loko o nā kanalima, ia nō i apono like me ka sport kaawale like hapa o ka pentathlon. Mai 1992, i ka biathlon ua kaawale mai ka pentathlon. International Biathlon Union, i keia la ninoieo a oi aku mamua o kanaono'āina, i hoʻokumu 'ia i ka makahiki 1993.

Game rula a me ka lako a

Ma ka Classic biathlon, na kēia mau rula o ka lako a pan.

• Ka laula o ka xi pono ia ma ka liʻiliʻi loa, eha mau kenimika.
• ʻO kā mākou loa o ka Ski mea,ʻaʻole i kaupalena '.
• Banned me ka dukima hou i ka lako a pan.
• ʻaʻoleʻoe e hoʻohana Ski auamo , e ĸokoĸa ana nä pane i ka lōʻihi a me ka ikaika o ka pahu aku ai i.
• I ka 'ōkuhi Rifle ua aia ma ke kua o ka pâʻani pôpeku.
• Mai ka hoʻohana i ka 'akomi kaua.
• Caliber rifle - 5,6 mm o.
• Nā pū hoʻohanaʻike mau hope maka.

Ma lalo nei lula, pana ua hana mai i ka mamao o ke kanalima mau mika. Ke pale ua poe me he keʻokeʻo una me elimaʻeleʻele koʻikoʻi a hanohano me ke anawaena o ka umikumamakahi, a me ka hapalua kenimika.

I ka hoʻolele kekahi resultant kaiapili kokoke kiwikā e hana ka mea e hiki ai e koke loiloi i ka hopena.

Na rula, he mau 'ano o ka pana i pale hōʻike:

• E ku ana.
• E moe ana.

I ka hoʻolele Ua noʻonoʻo pono e ku ana ke komoʻana i kaʻeleʻele p ÷ ai, a me ka lua o ka ia i kī pū kaʻina - a hiki i ka pā kaiapili e loaʻa i ke anawaena o ka eha a me ka hapalua kenimika.

Ma ke ala, i ka neʻeʻana o nā 'âlapa i kekahi mau ahi laina, kela mea keia mea o ka i ua hāʻawi elima puni.

Ano o nā lāhui kanaka kēlā hana i loko o ka Classic biathlon

Classic biathlon kēia lā mai nā 'eonoʻano o nā lāhui kanaka kēlā hana.

• Mika lāhui - he hui hihiu, iloko olaila o ekolu eha paha pauku. 'Âlapa, holo aku la i kona aina ala hele, ae ka baton i ka mea e hiki mai ana ka mea pâʻani pôpeku. Loa o ke ala - ehiku a me ka hapalua kilomika i loko o nā kānaka, a eono - i loko o nā wāhine. Ma kēlā kahua, he mau pana kulana. Ke pana mua ua hana i loko o ka supine kulana, o ka lua - e ku ana.
• Hui mika. Ua Ua hele ia e 'âlapa a me kane a me ka wahine. Women holo ma luna o ka mua a me ka lua o ka pauku, mai holo lākou ma luna o eono kilomika o nā kānaka ma luna o ke kolu a me ka ha - ehiku kilomika. Na lâkou i helu kuhi puke he hoʻokahi-manawa hoʻomaka 'ana o ka' âlapa. Member, pau ke kahua heihei, ae ia i ka mea e hiki mai ana o nâ lālā. Initially, ke alanui e holo ma ka wahine, alaila, - kanaka. Ke kī pūʻana mua ua lawe mai i loko o ka supine kulana, o ka lua - e ku ana.
• Sprint - ka mea, 'o ka heihei me nā heluʻai no ka pana, a hoʻohana i ka wā mawaena hoʻomaka' i loko o nā kānaka heʻumi kilomika, no ka wahine - ehiku a me ka hapalua kilomika. Ka lāhui i hoʻomaka me ka hoʻomaka maʻanuʻu o kanakolu kekona i kekahi minuke. Ka loihi o ka lāhui ninoieo o ekolu laps o ka ia lōʻihi. E holo mai ana ma ka puni mua, ka 'âlapa lawe mai ka pana ana ia e moe ana, e holo mai ana i ka lua o ka a - i loko o ke kū kūlana. 'Âlapa i ka manawa e koho ma ka pana kulana no ka pana. A hiki aku oe kuisa me ka pololei noa kaiapili like i hoʻokahi haneri a me kanalima mau mika.
• Kanaka lāhui - ka Classic lāhui ma i na kanaka ona maluna o ka loihi o ka iwakalua, a me na wahine - ma umikumamalima kilomika, me ka eha nui, mai ka pale kaua. 'Âlapa hoʻomaka maʻanuʻu o kanakolu kekona i kekahi minuke. A hiki aku oe kuisa me kekahi minuke hoopai hou i ka huina Hotele manawa biathlete heihei.

• Alualu - he heihei me eha palena ma i na kanaka e holo ai heʻumikumamālua, a me ka hapalua kilomika aku, a me na wahine - he umi. Pana aku au i alualu lāhui ma ka pau ana o ka sprint lāhui.
• Makuakane me kekahi mau hoʻomaka - kanaka ona maluna o ka loa o ka puka, he umikumamalima wāhine - heʻumikumamālua, a me ka hapalua kilomika. Ka lāhui hoʻomaka i ka ia manawa i nā mea a pau nā kānaka hoʻokūkū. Pana ma ka pana huahelu ua lawe mai i ka mea o ka hōʻeaʻana mai o nā âlapa pôhili i ka pana laulā. A hiki aku oe kuisa me ka pololei noa kaiapili like i hoʻokahi haneri a me kanalima mau mika.

ʻano o ka biathlon

Biathlon kēia loaʻa paha kekahi mauʻano likeʻole ma i ka hou ana i ka panina, a 'ano like lako a hoʻohana i nā mea kaua a me ka neʻeʻana. Ka loa he ākea laha 'o ka eia la i loko o ke ao nei o ka haʻuki me ka hana pono.

• Summer - ka mea, Aloha biathlon Competition rula a nō ka mea e like me ia ma ka Classic, akā, ma kahi o nā xi hoʻohana lole wili xi a Bike.
• Kanaka pana pua - Biathlon (mōʻaukala o ke kumu o ka a me ka sport hoomaka ma 1975 ma Farani) - lāhui ma xi me ka archery.
• Snowshoe. Ka wā e hana i kēia mana o ka biathlon lāhui ma snowshoes.
• Imi mea hihiu ana. I ka mea, ua hoʻohana 'ia iʻiʻo holoholona hihiu pūlaipela a me xi.

Kaawale Biathlon makahiki

All 'âlapa komo i loko o ka biathlon Competition i māheleʻia i loko o:

• Na kanaka a me na wahine - biathlon ma ka makahiki o ka iwakalua-hoʻokahi makahiki o ka makahiki a 'oi.
• Junior - ka poe elemakule mai heʻumikumamāiwa a hiki i ka iwakalua-hoʻokahi makahiki.
• Boys a me nā kaikamahine - 'âlapa ka poe i ole i huli umikumamaiwa.

Mea Maluna

e paa Biathlon Competition nā loko o ka huipūʻana me nā hoʻopaʻi 'ana, e like me kaawale. Kuokoa biathlon Competition e māheleʻia i loko o ke kiaha a me ka nekubkovy. Ma waho ka mea, ua lawe pū mai kela kālepa biathlon Competition.

Penei, i keʻano o Biathlon Competition:

• Kiaha. Ua Ua noʻonoʻo pono i ka mea nui World Cup, a me ka Open Europa Cup. Nō hoʻi ma luna o ka 'āina' ilikai ka mea, ua hōʻike mai iā ia nā kīʻaha North a me America Hema a me Asia. Eia hou, he mau wahine, ke aupuni na kiaha.
• Nekubkovy Competition. Ke ń kaulana loa ua noʻonoʻo nekubkovy Biathlon World Poʻokela Aupuni. Next ma ka nui o ka hamamaʻEulopa Poʻokela Aupuni a me hawaiian Poʻokela Aupuni, a Akau a me South America. Ma ka aina piʻi i loko o na aina e no hoi e paa ana ia mau hoʻokûkû poʻokela.
• Commercial biathlon. Kēia Competition i kekahi mau 'manao - e,ʻo ka nui helu o nā kanaka mākaʻikaʻi. Ma pili ana i kēia hanana i kono i ka helu nui o hoku o ka biathlon, mai kekahi aina, e heihei ana, a me na rula ia lakou iho e hoʻololi ma lalo o ka waihona o ka Competition.

Ka mua e piʻi like

Biathlon ka NBA kauoha aku, i lilo ai lākou triumphal huakaʻi i loko o nā sixties o ka hope kenekulia. Ka loa mua 'Olumepika champion i loko o kēia hahau ua lilo ka' elele o Kuekene K. Lestander, a me ka mea mua honua naita i ka Swede A. Wiklund. He lilo German fa Ulrich i ka makahiki 1978, ka mea mua e uwa o ka World Cup.

I ka makahiki 1984 ma ka World Cup Biathlon Women Soviet 'âlapa V. Chernyshov i ka mea mua loa honua champion.

hiʻona

Hoikehonua, biathlon, kona mōʻaukala hoomaka ma 'Eulopa' Ākau, ua palahalaha ae ma ka poepoe honua. Over kanaha'āina komo i loko o Competition i loko o ka sport, akā, me ka mea nui hiʻona ia ke nânâ i ma hikina a me CentralʻEulopa, ma ka Russian Hui. Nui ka uku hoopanee ma ka biathlon kekahi hōʻike i nā'āina o North America a me China.