Contemporary Historical Education: kū i ke au a me ka manaʻolana 'ia

ʻO nā mea hoʻololi o na 1990s a me 2000s i loko o ka hoʻonaʻauao'ōnaehana i alakai ai i ka mea ana i ke kaʻina hana o ka aʻo a me ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana i loko o ka hohonu systemic hoʻoponopono ulia. No ikaika loli ana ma ka ulia i loko o nā humanities, ma ka maikai, e like me ka mea i mōʻaukala. School a me kiʻekiʻe kula mōʻaukala hoʻonaʻauao oki, e halawai me na koi e i mai imua ia ia. A me ka mea mau i kēia mau koi?

Ma koʻu manao, mōʻaukala hoʻonaʻauao e mua hoʻonaʻauao schoolchildren haumāna, a me ka pono o ka patriotism, humanism; hoʻomōhala mahalo no ka moʻomeheu a me ka moolelo o na kanaka a pau o ka aina, a me ka honua. Ma ka kekahi lima, e ke pahuna mōʻaukala hoʻonaʻauao ma ke kūkuluʻana Hawaiʻi o nā haumana haumāna a me ke kālailai kūʻikena a me nā hanana i wale i ka hala akā, i ka keia manawa, e e hiki ke ike i ka mōʻaukala kuanaʻike. Ekolu: mōʻaukala hoʻonaʻauao e ole e separable, a me ka papa kuhikuhiE rula o ka mōʻaukala 'epekema ia iho, oia hoi historicism.

Historicism - He rula o ka ike ana o na mea a me kaʻike manaʻo o ko lākou mau hanana, ho okumu a me ka hooulu ana i loko o ka papa mōʻaukala keia. Ma keia manao, au makemake makemake, e hoailona oukou i keia la i ka heluna o nā puke loa kāpae'ōlelo i ka rula o ka historicism. E like me ia ia ia mea,ʻaʻole maopopo ana a me ka wā a no ke aha la he mea keia a me ia hanana, keia a me ia mea. E like me ka hopena, heluhelu ana i kēia puke ma laila mea he aloha i nā mea a pau mōʻaukala hanana a me nā kūʻiʻo ua kaua kipi ma ka lakou iho, ma ke ana ia lakou iho i noho. Palapala ma waena o ia ua ole Hahai I. Pela i nalowale i ka papa kuhikuhiE ulaula o ka honua mōʻaukala? Acaeoey o ke kanaka,ʻaʻole e hōʻike i ka mea i ka paila mai o ka hanana a me nā mea me ka weheweheʻana i ka pilina kumu-keia mea he ei o ka moolelo ia iho me ke kaʻina kahi a pau ua pili pu. Ole i kekahi mea ke hele mai, a hana i kekahi mea loa ke kino - no laila, e hiki i emi iho historicism. Ia mea, keia rula hakuʻole i kēia lā i loko o aneane kēia puke a pau ma ka mōʻaukala. No ke aha?

Ka pilikia o ia nā kākau i kēia puke ma ka mōʻaukala, ka mea i pono, e noonoo initially mau vicious kontsenternuyu hoʻonaʻauao aupuni e, i ka wa a ka ia hanana, nā kūʻiʻo, ka hooulu ana ke kahua, e haawi aku ai ia ia no ka lehulehu mua (Grades 5-9), a no ka lua - 10 - 11 papa. Eia hou kekahi, hoʻokahi moku'āina keia hookolokolo ana ma luna o ka mōʻaukala kūkulu hou ma luna o ka factual kumu, ma mua o ka mākau kulanui. Schoolchildren ka mea lūlū i ka hōʻike ma ka mōʻaukala hoike no ka oi ma mua o hoʻopaʻanaʻau kūʻiʻo, hanana, nā lā, personalities ma mua o ka nūnē nui e pili ana i ke kumu i kēia hanana hiki mai, no ke aha la ia mea i loko o kēia wā o ka manawa,ʻaʻole mua a hope, a me ka hopena ia alakaʻi i. E like me ka hopena, i ka pilina ma ua nalowale ma waena o nā hanana a me nā kūʻiʻo, a me ka ike hou haumāna, a loaʻa causal pili 'o Randy ma waena o kanaka kūʻiʻo, personalities a me nā hanana. Akā, i kēia ka mea ke kumu o ka mōʻaukala; He ke kiekie kānāwai o ka pau mōʻaukala kūpono 'ana o ke kanaka.

Loss o ka mōʻaukala kuanaʻike - i ka kekahi o na kumu nui io LIKE i ua kaua kipi i ka hopena o ka 'ölelo-hapai ae nei i ke kula nenoaiu mihi. Kekahi hopena maikaʻi nā mea kū mea i keia la ua lilo he nui hoʻonaʻauao hana o ke kula mōʻaukala hoʻonaʻauao. No laila, hiki, mahope mai o ka 1990s, ka mea i ole hana mai i nā loina o ka mōʻaukala hoʻonaʻauao. Inā ma ka Soviet kula mōʻaukala hoʻonaʻauao ma muli ma luna o nā kumu o nā kupa, a o ka Communist ao nei, i keia la keia i. Aka, e haawi aku nā haumāna walaʻauʻana lula, kumu i e hana i ka mea i ninini i loko o ke alo o ia (figuratively olelo ana) "wrappers", maalo ae la oia ia aku e like me "ke kanakē." Ma na olelo, e like na mea a pau e nanaʻoluʻolu a me ka hoao mai - e hoʻoikaika i patriotic manaʻo, e mahi ioeeiiaiey, humanistic Outlook, ho okumu i kivila kūlana. I mea, ia a pau maʻi hēhē ia i ka verbiage, no laila ka mea, ua i ikeia ma luna o nā mea a me ma ka 'aelike, e lilo kēia mau manaʻo, i nā examples o kēia mau pahuhopu. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, a hiki no i ka mea kūpono o ka mōʻaukala kanaka o ka heluna o nā puke i nā mea i kekahi mea i mea ole lawa, a me ka mea i hoʻi mai.

Pela, i keia la, he mea he io au i loko o nā mea a pau mōʻaukala hoʻonaʻauao i loko o na kula, i hiki ke wehewehe aku me ka hoʻololi iho. E lanakila i ka hoʻololi iho kaʻina mea he mea hiki. E hana i kēia, mua o nā mea a pau, e pono e haawi aku i mau kontsenternoy aʻo'ōnaehana a me ke hoʻoneʻe i ka laina kahua. ʻO ka lua, ua lawe i ka mōʻaukala kumumanaʻo o ka aoia'na ma ka kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao i ke kokoke i ka mōʻaukala kūpono 'ana. Apana: e hana i ka olelo no ka ole-olelo a me ka maoli mōʻaukala aʻo a me ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana. A me keia hiki wale nō ke hana ia, kahi o ka notorious hōʻike kauʻAhaʻolelo kuʻuna hōʻike a me kahi o ka hoʻi memorizing nā lā, hanana a me nā kūʻiʻo, personalities hoʻomaka e haawi haumāna maoli ka ike ma ke kumu o ka loina o ka historicism, e ao aku ia lakou, e kuhikuhi 'ana ma ke kumu-a-hookoia, e haawi aku i kona mau auhau, like me nā kūʻiʻo a me ka mōʻaukala huahelu. Kēia kokoke He loa e hiki, a no ia mea he pono. Wale ma keia aoao, ua hiki ke lanakila i ka hopena maikaʻi ka hopena o ke kula mihi ana o na 1990s a me ka 'Aʻohe makahiki.

E olelo ana ma keia manao o ke au ma ke kula mōʻaukala hoʻonaʻauao, e like me ka hoʻololi i ka laina nenoaiie o ka aʻo, akā,ʻaʻole no ka heluna o nā puke i mea i loaʻa i keia la. Mākou Pono loa okoa puke, a e e ohi ole oukou i kaʻu mea kūʻiʻo i mea e manao ia o ka manaʻo nui i loko o ka hualoaʻa a mōʻaukala ulu o ko mākou'āina ka mōʻaukala.

Summing mai mākou pono e olelo aku i na kumu nui au o kēia moʻolelo hoʻonaʻauao a ua mamao aku, mai ka hoʻoponopono i ka papa kuhikuhi hana o ka i mea:

1. Ke kahua o ka hou ao epekema, ka nānā 'ana ma luna o stadial kumumanaʻo a me ka rula o ka historicism.
2. Uku i hou noonoo ana i ka nui o ka memorization o nā kūʻiʻo like ia e hiki ke haawi aku i ka pololei auhau o kēia mau kūʻiʻo, e hooholo i ka mōʻaukala kuanaʻike a me ka ÷ ike mōʻaukala hala, kālailai i ka makana, a mua mai i ka wā e hiki mai.
3. E lele mai unsubstantiated slogans a hiki i ka maoli'ōnaehana o ka mōʻaukala hoʻonaʻauao 'ana ma muli o mōʻaukala examples.