Dark pae o ka kāʻamaʻai

Oxygen ma - ka nui loa ke keʻena o ke ola o nā mea a pau ke ola ma ka Honua. Surprisingly, ua hehee ai ma luna o ka Honua, a hiki nae kona lehulehu i loko o ka lewa inevitably emi e like me kekahi mau kānakaʻepekema, ka vospolnimo palena pau. E like oi mea kupaianaha ia mea i ka mea, ua synthesized mai oi ma mua o ka loaʻa kumu waiwai - ka wai, a me ka Map o carbon dioxide. A hāpai mai i ke kaʻina hana o kēia mea mea kanu.

O ka holo ana, ua e kamailio ana kāʻamaʻai - he kupanaha hanaia'na o ke ano. I loko nō o ka mea i kńnaka i aʻo i kēia pukana loa, 'oe i nā kapuwaʻi o ka kāʻamaʻai i loko o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua unreal i keia la.

Kēia kaʻina hana hiki ke maheleia i mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao.

• Light-e kaukaʻi reactions o kāʻamaʻai.
• Dark pae o ka kāʻamaʻai.

Lākou mau inoa mea'ākeʻakeʻaʻia mai ka mua hapa o ke kaʻina hana i wahi i loko o ka malamalama, i mea, me ke komo ana o Map. Ua lŘlŘ wale i loko o ka uliuli lau o nā mea kanu, no ka mea, aia no iloko olaila chloroplasts - kūikawā nā kumumea i loko o nā membranes o i ka ATP hoʻololi kemikala - nā lātoma ma i ikehu ua waiho waho.

I ka loaʻa mea Map photons ma luna o ka lau o nā mea kanu i loaʻa ka chlorophyll mākaukau kaua paha ma hoʻololi 'Map ka ikehu i loko o ka ikaika o ka ATP nā lātoma ua kau aʻela ma luna. A, ma muli o ka hoʻopau o ka mau hydrogen nā'ātoma mai ka wai nā lātoma (a no hoi ia lŘlŘ ma ka hoʻohana 'ana i Map) i hana NADPH lātoma. Decomposition o ka wai lātoma ua nele o nā hydrogen nā'ātoma, e waiho ia me ka noa oxygen, a komo i ka lewa. Ke'ī mai, i nā huahana o kāʻamaʻai i loko o ka malamalama pae - nei:

• ka oxygen;
• ikehu lātoma ATP;
• NADP'ātoma hydrogen h2.

Ua akamai loa, i ke kahua o ka o oxygen i loko o kēia kaʻina mea i ka hope loa pahuhopu. Kaupalena naʻe, ia mea heʻaoʻao kanawai. Next hele mai ka pouli pae o ka kāʻamaʻai a chemosynthesis, i mea pono ole i kekahi huahana o ka pae mua. E hoi kakou i ka mea i loko o oi au mamuli.

Aia hoʻi, i ka manao o ke kaʻina mea i ke kahua o ka oxygen. Ka pouli pae o ka kāʻamaʻai i wahi i loko o kekahi hapa o ka lau - i loko o kona chloroplast stroma. Ma ka pau ana o ka malamalama pae kanu hooponopono iho i ke kumukūʻai kilakila nui o ka ikaika nā lātoma - ATP a me NADP h2 aku malamalama hapa mea hou e pono ai. Ua mea ma kēia nā lātoma i synthesized ke aloha hehee wale. Ua mea Logical i ka pilikia o ka ikehu lātoma ATP - i ka ikehu lako no keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka hoʻololi kemikala, oiai ke kūlana o NADPH h2 - ke ola.

I ka hoomaka ana o keia pae, he lātoma ua oxidized hoemi agena, ai ka hydrogen nā'ātoma mau nalo, i ka auoiaea haawi maemae lātoma o NADPH. I ka Ia manawa, ATP haawi mai i ka phosphoricʻakika koena, haliu ae la ia i loko o ADP. Kēia mau keʻano o ka hanaʻana ana i loko o ka'ōpū mai o ka pepa. Ka lānai hou loaa nā lātoma laila, e hoʻi ai i ka lihi o ka lau, aʻo ka mea e hiki ai ia oe a i ka pau kaʻina hana o ka malamalama pae. Naʻe, i kēia mea,ʻaʻole i ke ki kaʻina o kāʻamaʻai, ua hōʻike 'wale cyclicity a me ka kaʻina o nā hana e ana i loko o ka lau.

I ka hope loa huahana o keia pae i monakō koko - he ke aloha hui, attributable i ka mea o nā mahi kō. No ka mea manawa mua he piha ano o ka hoʻololi kemikala o keia lātoma hiki Melvin Kelvin. Ua Ua loaʻa i nā nā lātoma a manaoia me he hapa o ka malamalama pae - ikehu a me ka hoemi hope - ka pae'āina ma ka hoʻololi kemikala. E möakäka hou nui nā kumumea no ka ho okumu i na mea o nā mahi kō i 6 nā lātoma o ke kalapona'okikene lua (CO2), hydrogen nā'ātoma 24 6 nā lātoma o ka wai:

6SO2 + 24H + ATP C6H12O6 + 6N2O.

Ka pouli pae o ka kāʻamaʻai o ka mea kanu mea nui no ka mea, ma ka hou e monakō koko i loko o kēia wā produces heʻano o ka'amino nāʻakika, nucleotides, momoma nāʻakika a me glycerol.

Kāʻamaʻai - he lahui hanana kūlohelohe kaʻina. UaʻAʻole wale o ke ki, e malama i ka ikaika nui o ka o oxygen i loko o ka lewa, a me ka'okikene kolu, ahu iho, akā, i mea he manao maikai, o ke 'ano i ka wa a na kumu mua i hanaia mai'okanikaʻole ke aloha.