Diffraction o ka malamalama: nīnau a me nā pane

Light Ua mau Ua he pohihihi a me ka hale kalapu no i kānaka. He Ua pili i ka ke alii maluna. Light i ke ola - a me ka hoomaopopo ia, mai ka manawa kahiko o ka'āina kanaka. Hooiaio - ka cult o ka malamalama kumu - ka lā. A no ka mea, a pau nāʻike manaʻo i ke kanaka hiki ole ke wehewehe ma ke kumu o ka ike i ua nohoia ia tremendously. I kekahi o kēia mauʻike manaʻo, i mea IeAUPIIe, IAa IO hooikaika ka kanaka E nńnń pono i - ka diffraction o ka malamalama. He aha ka mea?

KŰia hiki ke ike kino, ina au e hala he Ray o ka malamalama ma ka puali ololi e komo ai, a nana aku i ke kahi o ka malamalama e i hala ma ia. E ike ia a puni ka palena - alternating pouli a me ka malamalama kaula. No ke aha la kakou e ike nei i ke kiʻi o ia?

Ka nui, e hoike ana o ka nalu ma kekahi mau wahi a puni o ka wahi hoʻopuʻipuʻi kekahi i kekahi, a me kekahi, ma ka mea ku ole, i loko o kū'ē, a laila, ana kekahi i kekahi mai. Ka mea i ho'ākāka 'geometric kiko'î o ka kūpono kumu e kalele iho ma luna o ke kōā (nolaila, no ka nalu o ulaula a me ka uliuli malamalama e e kekahi diffraction kumu hoʻohālike) a me ke anawaena o ka malamalama mea ulana lole. He lilo i ka paukūʻolokaʻaʻohana. 'O kēia ka diffraction o ka malamalama. Akā, i ka kŰia o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o ka nalu ua kapa 'ākeʻakeʻa. Kēia inoa kŰia i loko o ka 19th kenekulia. 'Ākeʻakeʻa a me ka diffraction o ka malamalama -ʻike manaʻo i mea pinepine hōʻike i ke kālaikūlohea puke.

He aha ka ka mea e pili ana o keia physical kŰia? Kona lawe i loko, no ka wā e pili ana'ōnohi manaʻo (Panel, microscopes, telescopes), no ka mea, a pau i ka maka aniani e hoʻohaiki ana kona Park malamalama mea ulana lole.

Hoomaopopo diffraction ma ke kokoke ciia (i ka wahi i a ka moe pōhaku puna laau kokoke i ka keʻakeʻa nei). O kŰia hāpai i ka inoa o ka Fresnel diffraction. Akā, inā i ka diffraction mea i loko o ke kula loa (interacting kukuna i aneane laua), e kapa ia ka physicist ka Fraunhofer diffraction. Ua loaʻa he 'ike waiwai: ina o ka puka i lawa ka nui, a laila, diffraction e nohoʻike makaʻole.

¶ A i loko o ka puke o ke kālaikūlohea i ke ehuehu o mākou i ka makahiki diffraction manamana. He aha ka mea? 'ōnohi ka manaʻo, a mea he aniani moakaka paha hōʻikeʻana una honua me ka noi laua hahau ana. I ka wa e hele ma keʻokeʻo malamalama, hiki ke ike i ke kaawale ana o ka malamalama pae. Ae, i ka puka olu oia i nā pōpō i anuenue waihoʻoluʻu. Prism hoʻolako wale kekahi pae, a me ka Grill - he mau. Ia mea i kekahi, no ka mea, ua Wāwahi ka malamalama i loko o kaola i hanaʻia i loko o kekahi mea paa, a me ka mea hou i ka spectra, ka mea i oi aku ka pāhawewe huina o haiahū kūmau ka palapala olelo mai.

Eia naʻe, no ka mea, e hiki ke hele aku ma ka grille ole wale keʻokeʻo malamalama. Akā, i malamalama i hiki ma ka waiwai. Kēia kaʻina hana ua kapaia spectral Ka Ikepili a e hōʻike ana i ka haku mele 'ana o nā Eia kekahi laʻana. E like me ke ana o nā kukuna koe ma hope o hele ma ka diffraction mea manamana, ia mea hiki ke kuhikuhi i me ka ke kanaka noiʻi o ke kanaka me ka ai me.

A me oe, ina hoi, ua ike i ka diffraction manamana, e ike. Mai kanalua? I ka ua i ka wa a ka mea hope manawa āu i paa i ka makou a holo a hiki i ke kamepiula. He pâʻani 'o ia ke aloha i na ano a pau o ke anuenue. Oe i ike, me ka hoʻomaopopo ka mea, i ka kŰia o ka malamalama diffraction. Ka wahi ma luna o ka pā hōkū ma luna i nā ikepili i microscopic Iegasaduha (no laila, ke holo nei no laila, 'ikepili i ka poho), a me ka i hoʻopaʻa' ia ua hana i loko o ka poai nei, no laila, ke kukuna iwi kuamoʻo 'ilikai - he paa papa manamana.

Naʻe, noonoo i ka diffraction kŰia hou mai iā ia. A loaʻa mai i ka diffraction o ka malamalama, ina ua hoomaopopo aku i ka poe noonoo ole 'ōlelo. No laila, ina na kukuna halawai ka impermeable ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai, i ka malamalama na kukuna maalo ae la oia ma ka loa kae o ia, mai hele pono, nalu me ina hoʻohei a puni nā pilikia e halawai pu ma ke alanui. Ma kēia kaʻina hana, i ka nalu mea hiki ke hoʻomaopopo piha lena a puni mea i mea ole oi aku ma mua o kona lōʻihi.

E hana 'ia i loko o ke ao ana o ke kālaikūlohea!