Dmitry Merezhkovsky: Kawaihae. Poem, Quotes

Merezhkovskiy Dmitriy Sergeevich i hānau i loko o 1866 ma St. Petersburg. Kona makuakane i malamaʻi, me he meaʻuʻuku hale kūhelu. Dmitry Merezhkovsky me 13 makahiki, hoomaka ae la e kākau poetry. Mau makahiki ma hope, e like me ka schoolboy, oia kipa ia me kona makua kāne F. M. Dostoevskogo. Ka mea kākau moʻolelo nui loaʻa poem nawaliwali, i opuu ae kākau mai la ia i ka mea e kākau pono, e pono e hana eha iaʻi. I ka Ia manawa halawai Merezhkovsky Dmitry Sergeyevich me Nadson. Ma mua,ʻo ia hoʻi me ia i loko o kona mau poem, a ma ka mea mua i komo i ka palapala, ai 'pā kula.

Ke ano o ka ohi mua ana o poem

I ka 1888, ua paʻi i ka ohi mua o Merezhkovsky, kapa wale - "poem". Ke haku meleʻaneʻi mea he haumāna Nadson. Eia naʻe, e like me ka hoʻomaopopoʻia Vyacheslav Bryusov, Dmitry Merezhkovsky koke hiki ke lawe i ka kuokoa leo, e hoomaka ana e kamailio e pili ana i ka olioli a me ka ikaika, e like nā haku mele, noʻonoʻo iho i ka haumana o Nadson, ka mea "whined" ma luna o lākou nawaliwali a me ka timelessness.

Education ma kulanui, hoʻohihi positivism kālaiʻike

Dmitry mai 1884 aʻo ma St. Petersburg a me Moscow kulanui, History a me Philology. I keia manawa Merezhkovsky i hoihoi i loko o ka akeakamai o ka positivism, a i mau hoaaloha me kēia? Aaiuo, "Hawaiian KA LAHUI", like G. Uspensky, Korolenko, V. Garshin, pela i hoomaka ai e maopopo i ka populist wahi pilikia alo lehulehu. Kuko no keia, nae, ua pōkole-noho. Mau makamaka, a me ka poetry o Vladimir Soloviev a me ka Europa Symbolists me ka nui loa o ka Outlook o ka haku mele hoʻololi. Dmitry hoole "lōʻihi materialism" a hele ma ka symbolism.

Marriage ia Z. Gippius

Dmitry Merezhkovsky, i kaulana ma ka wā, ua he loa LIKE kanaka, reluctant e e i loko o kā lākou honua o nā kanaka. No nui i ka 1889 no ka mea. Ua Ua laila Merezhkovsky mare. Kona fiancee - he poetess Zinaida Gippius. noho i ka haku mele me ia no 52 makahiki, a i ole waiho a hiki i ka lā. Kēia makakū a me ka uhane hui ana o kana wahine i hoakakaia ma ka paʻa hapa puke noa i ka ' "Dmitry Merezhkovsky". Zinaida ua he "mīkini hana wāwahie" o ka manaʻo, a me Dmitry prepares a? Ac? Ia i loko o kona mau hana.

Travel, unuhi a me ka study o symbolism

Ma ka hopena o 1880s a me 1890s. ¶ Hele akula lākou i ka hailona i okoa'āina maʻEulopa. Dmitry unuhi mai he Roma, a kahiko Helene pōʻino, a me kekahi hana e like me ka manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni, paʻiʻia i loko o ka lehulehu ākea e like me "hana", "Lūkini Review", "Hawaiian KA LAHUI".

Merezhkovsky i ka 1892, i ka haʻi'ōlelo, a haawi aku i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana i mua o ka symbolism. Ka haku mele koi ia Impressionism, i ka 'ōlelo o nā hōʻailona, a "mystical maʻiʻo" hiki ana "noʻeau sensibility" o Lūkini moʻokalaleo. Collection o "hōʻailona" Ikea koke ma mua o ka olelo ana. He haawi mai la i ka inoa o ka hou au i loko o poetry.

"New poem"

"New poem" - kolu o ka puke i hele mai i ka 1896. Merezhkovsky Outlook hoʻololi mai 1899. Kona hoʻomaka 'ia e hoihoi i loko o Kristiano, nāna e hoʻopuka i pili i ka ekalesia Kakolika. Ma ka 'atikala "Merezhkovsky" G. Adamovich hoʻomanaʻo i ka wā i ke kamailio ana me Dmitry i Animated, ma neia hope aku la oia ua hō'ā i ka ia kumuhana - i ka waiwai a me ka manaʻo o ka euanelio.

Haipule-philosophical halawai

Dmitriya Merezhkovskogo ka wahine i loko o ka Akuma ka o 1901 i manaoia i ka manaʻo o ka e pili ana i ka kūikawā kaiaulu o ke kālaiʻike a me ka hoomana kanaka, e kūkākūkā i ka moʻomeheu a me ka ekalesia. A he mau haipule a me ka philosophical ahakanaka, kaulana i loko o ka hope kenekulia. I ka papa kuhikuhiE kumuhana ua lākou assertion mea wale nō i ka haipule 'aelike hiki e hooko aku i ka hou o Rusia. A mau halawai i wahi a hiki i 1903, a me ka ae o KP Pobedonostsev, Procurator o ka Synod. Ka mea, i loko o ia, a me ka clergy hapa. ʻOiai ka mea i lohe ole ai mamua Kristiano "Apana Kauoha", i ka makemake ma ka pilikia kahua o ka? Acaeoey o ko mākou'āina, e hana i kekahi hou haipule kaiāulu ka mea, ua ike a me ka pili wā.

Hana ma luna o ka mōʻaukala Ana Aina,

Dmitry Merezhkovsky, kona Kawaihae mākou i hoihoi i loko, i hana i ka hailona i mōʻaukala Ana Aina. He hanaʻi, no ka mea hoike, i ka trilogy o "Kristo a me Antichrist", ke kumu o ka manaʻo nui o ka i mea i ka paio ma waena o nā loina - ke Karistiano a me pagan, a ma hea i ka hou Kristiano ma i "ka honua lani" a me "ka honua, mai ka lani mai."

I ka 1896, ua he hana o "Ka Makeʻana o ke Akua." - o ka mua puke o ka trilogy. Ka lua o ka hapa i paʻiʻia ma ka 1901 ( "Resurrected Akua. Leonardo ka Vinci"). Hope puke i kapaia "Antichrist, o Petero, a Alex," Ua hānauʻia i ka 1905.

"Collection o poem"

Ha o ka ohi "Collection o poem", i hookuu i ka 1909. New poem i loko o ka mea he kakaikahi, no laila, i kēia puke ua makemake loa he anthology. Eia naʻe, he mau 'koho o nā hana i e Merezhkovsky, haawi mai la i ka ohi ana o kēia a me ka His. Ua komo wale hana e halawai pu me ka hoʻololi manao o ka mea kākau. Lilo i ka houʻano kahiko poem.

Merezhkovsky mawaena o Contemporary haku mele Ua ho opa ao hookaawale. He ua oi aku ia i loko o ka mea i hoike ia ma kana hana nohona ma naʻau i loko, iā Alexander Blok, Andrei hōʻole lākou, K. Balmont, a hiki no i ke "ahi" o ka lehulehu, i'ōleloʻano nui e pili ana ia ia iho, no kona heluia, e iho ana ia. A Dmitry a hiki i ka loa aikane oe confessions hōʻike paʻa manaʻo, manaolana a me ka hoomanawanui.

hou na hana

Merezhkovskys ma March 1906 neʻe i Paris, a noho iho la ilaila a hiki i ka hapalua like-1908. Ma neʻepapa me D. Filosofov a me Z. Gippius Merezhkovsky i ka 1907, ua paʻi i ka puke "Le Tsar listenʻoʻOiʻenehana". He pū hoʻoili i ka hoʻokumu o ka trilogy, "ke aupuni o ka holoholona" ma muli o ka mōʻaukala o Rusia ma ka hopena o 18th - i kakahiaka nui 19th kenekulia. Dmitry ma hope o ka hapa mua o ka trilogy (i ka makahiki 1908) i ana. I ka 1913 ua ka lua o ka hapa o ka mea ( "Alexander I"). Na hope puke - "14 December" - paʻi i ka 1918, Dmitry Merezhkovsky.

"Maʻi Rusia" - o ka puke i ikea ma ka 1910. Ua Ua haku o ka mōʻaukala a me ka hoʻomana 'atikala i i paʻiʻia ma ka makahiki 1908 a me ka 1909. i loko o ka nūpepa "Moi".

Book i kekahi hui Wolff hoopukaia i loko o ka manawa mai ka 1911 a hiki i 1913. 17-buke ohi ana o kana mau hana, a me Sytin i ka 1914 i hoopuka ia i ka eha-ka leo. I loko o nā 'ōlelo' Merezhkovski Ana Aina, i ua unuhi, ka mea, ua nui loa mahalo maʻEulopa. I Rusia, i na hoopai ana i ke kanana 'censorship Dmitry Sergeyevich hana - no ka mea kākau moʻolelo i olelo mai ai mai ke alo o ka Ekalesia kūhelu, a me ka autocracy.

kona piko a Bolshevism

Merezhkovskys i ka 1917 i koe e noho ana i loko o Rusia. Haku mele o ka aina ma ka Ewa o ke kipi i ike ia ma ke ano o "ka hiki ana o Hama." A iki ma hope, ma hope o noho mau makahiki ma Soviet Rusia, oia i hookupaaiaʻi ia ma kona manao ana Bolshevism - he pono maʻi, a mea heʻilihune o ka ulia o Europa Culture. Merezhkovskys manaʻolana i keia? Eia e e hoʻokahuliʻiaʻo ia, akā, ma hope o ke aʻo 'ana e pili ana i ke pio ana o Denikin ma ka hema a me ka Kolchak ma Siberia, ua hoʻoholo ihola e haʻalele Petrograd.

Dmitry ma ka hope o 1919 lanakila 'o ia i ka pono, e heluhelu i kona haʻi'ōlelo ma māhele o ka Red Army. Ma Ianuali 1920,ʻo ia a me kāna wahine hoʻoneʻe i ka ?? eoi? Ee, a i noho ma Poland. Haku mele haʻi'ōlelo ma Minsk no Lūkini emigrants. Merezhkovskys ma February neʻe i Warsaw. Eia ka mea, e 'Imi komo i loko o pili kalai aupuni hana. A lohe o Poland kakauinoa i ka maluhia Kuikahi me Rusia, a me kana wahine i hoomaopopoia e "Lūkini pāʻoihana" i loko o ke aupuni a hiki i ka hopena, ka mea hele ma Paris. Merezhkovskys i noho ai i loko o kekahi keʻena i pili ia ia no ka mālama '-hoʻokahuli aupuni manawa. Here ka mea, hoʻokumu kahiko hui 'ana a me ka hoʻokumu hou hui' ana me ka Lūkini emigres.

Emigration, ka hookumu ana "Green Lamp"

Dmitry Merezhkovsky Ua hoʻi i hāliu mai i ka noonoo emigration like kekahi ano o ka messianism. He noʻonoʻo iho i ka uhane "O Keaukaha" ka poe i lulumi mai intelligentsia. Merezhkovskys hoʻonohonoho haipule-philosophical a me ka palapala, ai 'ke kaiāulu kanaka, i ka makahiki 1927, "Green malamalama". Kona pelekikena ua Mr. Ivanov. "Green malamalama" pâʻani 'o ia i ke koʻikoʻi kūlana i loko o ka' imi naʻauao ke ola ana o ka nalu mua o ka emigration, a hui pu me ka maikaʻi loa 'elele o Lūkini haole akamai. A lohe o World War II, i lilo ai, ka poʻe i papani ai hoi i ke anaina (i ka 1939).

Merezhkovskys i ka makahiki 1927, hoʻokumu i ka "New Kameʻe" - he Magazine, mau ae la ia wale nō o ka makahiki. Ka mea i komo i loko o ka Ahaolelo mua o nā mea kākau-emigrants mai Rusia, mālama 'ia ma September 1928 ma Belgrade (ia i hoʻonohonoho i ka Yugoslav aupuni). Merezhkovsky i ka 1931 i waena o nā contenders no ka Nobel uku, akā, ka mea, ua Ivan Bunin.

Support no Hitler

MerezhkovskysʻAʻole makemake ma ka Lūkini Media. Me ka manaʻoe hōʻeha Ua pili kēia i kā lākou kākoʻo o Hitler, a, i ko lakou i? Eia oiʻoluʻolu ma mua o ka Stalin? Eia. Merezhkovsky ma ka hopena o 1930 i ka lilo hoihoi i loko o fascism, i halawai mai me kekahi o kona poe luna papa - Mussolini. He ike Hitler like me ka hoola ana o Lūkini communism, e manaoia "pono maʻi". Germany hooukaia mai ka USSR ma hope, Dmitry i ka Kelemānia Radio. I mai la ia "Bolshevism a me kanaka", ma i, ua hoʻokūkū Hitler me Joan o piʻo. Merezhkovsky aku la i ke alakaʻi ke hoola manaʻo kanaka, mai ka Communist hewa. Ma hope o kēia hōʻike, ua huli aku a pau, mai ko lakou mau noho male.

ka make Merezhkovski

10 mau lā ma mua o ka hana ana o Paris ma na kēia kanaka Kelemānia ma June 1940, Zinaida Gippius a me Dmitry Merezhkovsky neʻe i Biarritz ma ka hema o Farani. December 9, 1941 Dmitry make ma Palika.

Hoiliili ole o ka poetry Merezhkovsky

Mākou olelo pokole e pili ana i ka poetry hoiliili hana Dmitry Merezhkovsky. Kēia mau puke, nae, ua oi nui au mamuli ma luna o ia mau mea, e hooki aku. Kēlā me kēia no ka 4 hoiliili ole o poem loa ano.

"Poem" (1888) - he puke ma i e lawelawe 'ana me ka apprentice Nadson Dmitry Merezhkovsky. Quotations mai ia, e pono o ka hoʻolohe nā nā kēia:

"Mai hoʻowahāwahā i ka ahakanaka! Ruthless a me ka huhu

Hoomaewaewa ia,ʻaʻole e stigmatize ko lakou mau kaumaha a me ka mea e pono ai. "

Kēia mea he laina mai kekahi o ka loa ano poem i loko o kēia puke. Aka hoi, mai ka outset Dmitry ua hiki ke lawe i ka kūʻokoʻa leo. E like me mākou i kaulana, i olelo ai e pili ana i ka mana a me ka olioli. Kona poem i pompous, rhetorical, nae, a me ka mea, ua wehewehe aku i hoa Nadson makau loa ua rhetoric, aole nae ia ia mea i loko o ka kānaka okoa lākouʻaʻahu, i kekahi manawa excessively. Merezhkovsky ua huli e rhetoric e sonority, a me ka olinolino o kona haehae malie, colorless noe, a i'ōwiliʻia i ke ola ana o Lūkini ke kaiāulu i loko o ka 1880s.

"Hōʻailona" - i ka lua o ka buke o nā poem, kākau i loko o 1892. He pepeiaohao nui no ka versatility. Eia ka mea kahiko pōʻino a me Pushkin, Baudelaire a me Edgar Allan Poe, Frantsisk Assizsky, a me ka mea kahiko Roma, i ke kulanakauhale o ka poetry a me ka pōʻino o ka maʻamau. A pau i piha i na buke, a pau lakou hoomaopopo ana, e lawe 10-15 makahiki, ua hoʻopaʻa 'ia ma kēia ohi. "Hōʻailona" - o ka puke haili mua. Dmitry maopopo aku kekahi kaua, oi kaiāulu hoihoi o nā'āina. He haawi mai la i ka helehelena titanic hanana e ia lŘlŘ a puni ia ( "E hele mai, hou kaula!").

"New poem" - i ke kolu o ka ohi ana o poem, kākau i loko o 1896. He mea nuiʻololī ma ka laulā o kaʻike manaʻo o ke ola ma mua o ka mea mua kekahi, akā, he nui sharper. Here complacency "hōʻailona" Ua lilo i mau mea e hopohopo nei, a, pili lyricism ma poem hala objectivity. Merezhkovsky noʻonoʻo iho i ka "hōʻailona" kauwa "haalele i nā akua." Akā, ma ka manawa o "New poem"ʻo ia iā ia iho kipaku aku i kēia mau akua, i olelo mai o kona mau hoa a me ka iho: "mākou wiwo ole o ka olelo ...."

"Collection o poem" - i ka hope, i ka ha o ka ohi (1909). Aia mau hou poem, no laila, o ka puke, e like me mākou i kaulana, He oiaio, he anthology. Merezhkovsky ka mea huli i Kristiano. He ike nui brittle ke kōmi ' "ka wiwo ole" a me devoid o ke akua kuahu "honua moʻomeheu". Eia naʻe, i loko o Kristiano, ua makemake oia e imi i wale oluolu, akā, i ka mea kaua. A pau na poem i loko o kēia puke e imbued me ka makemake o ka manaoio.