Dzhon HaleakaLā - English nä känaka 'epekema-kaa o ka XVIII kenekulia

Hoakaka hoʻokahi wale nō 'epekema hana kūikawā, e i hiki ke wahi Dzhon HaleakaLā, Ua pilikia. Kekahi o ka mahalo nui a me ka hanohano haumana o kona manawa, ua he physicist, he chemist, e iaoai?. Kinohi mai ua ikeia no kana mau hana a hoolilo i ka olelo Beritania. He mua aʻo i ka hewa o keʻano hihio, a i, a i i hope kapaʻia kona inoa - colorblind.

Kumu-ao mai

Universalism o kona iao? Manaʻo a me nā 'ano o ka noiʻi pono e hiki ke hapa' ia 'wehewehe ma kona nele o ka olelo hoʻonaʻauao' ana i loko o ka ua mahinaʻai. Dzhon HaleakaLā Ua hanau Sepatemaba 6, 1766 ma ka kulanakauhale o Iglsfilde, County Kimberlend ke kūkulu'ākau oʻEnelani, i loko o ka ohana ilihune o ka mea ulana. Kona mau makua, he mau Quakers, kuee, hoole na mea a pau i ka mea i pili i nā kūhelu Church oʻEnelani, no laila, ke kipa i ka hoʻonaʻauao kulanui no John ua,ʻaʻole hiki.

I ka pono e loaʻa kekahi kakahiaka elemakule, kiʻekiʻe hiki a me ka makemake e loaʻa iā ike i alakai ai i ka unexpected result. Ma muli o ka familiarity me John Gouhom, makapo poe akeakamai-haumāna, haawi ia ia i kekahi hapa o ko lākouʻike, a me ka paakiki ka hoʻoponopono-hoʻonaʻauao, Dzhon HaleakaLā me 12 makahiki, hoomaka ae la e hana me ke kumu i loko o ke kula kua'āina.

Kealoha HaleakaLā Meteorology

Kealoha HaleakaLā i ka mua ka paʻi ana o ka hana, i kapaia o "Meteorological loina a me nā hana" (1793). Mahalo iā ia, a hui ia me nā kānakaʻepekema i kōkua mai i kekahi kumu hou e neʻe i Manchester, a loaa i ka oihana ao ana makemakika ma New College. Ka ukupanee ma ka meteorology i hele mai i ona lā ma ka makamaka, me Elihu Robinson, nä känaka 'epekema a me nā kānakaʻenehana, mai kona aina Iglsfilda. Dzhon HaleakaLā ma kana hana, i loaʻa nui i ka manaʻo e alakaʻi iā ia i ka wā e hiki mai ana o ke kinoea kanawai, hoʻomohala i ka kumumanaʻo o ka kahua o ka lewa lua i pele, i kohoia e George Headley.

I ka 1787, hoomaka ae la ke nä känaka 'epekema, e malama i ka diary o ka ino loina. Dzhon HaleakaLā, nona Kawaihae ka loa a me ka hana hoihoi instructive, i ka hope komo i loko o ka diary ua ua hoʻonāwaliwali i lima ma hope o 57 makahiki. Ua mau mooolelo nei i ka hopena o ke ao o ka lewa haku mele 'ana - i ka loa nui e piʻi like o HaleakaLā ma kemika a me ke kālaikūlohea. Kekahi o ka mea mua, hoomaka ae la oia e ana i ke ana wela o ka lewa ma kekahi wahi kiʻekiʻe a pau, e ana ma ka akau-komohana o ke aupuni maʻamau huakaʻi i nā kuahiwi ma District ke Lake.

colorblindness

Ka lua o ka nui hana o ke nä känaka 'epekema i hoolilo i ka philology - "Features o English Grammar" (paʻiʻia i ka 1801), akā, laila, ua o Laielohelohe i kona noonoo ana ma kona mau ano e nānā hou pili i ka waihoʻoluʻu hihio. Hope e noho ana no ma kahi o 35 makahiki, oia loaʻa ia perceives ano okoa loa kanaka ma mua, a ua ka ia hiʻona i kona hoahanau. Hoʻomaopopo koke ihola nō i ia mea,ʻaʻole wale nō ka Mea Maluna o'ōniʻoniʻo (kala like 'ole, a kapa aku la ia i ka uliuli, okoa na mea o ka mea e ae manao iho la oia ua), HaleakaLāʻia maila kona mau manaʻo e pili ana i na kumu o keia kŰia.

Ka hopena i ka hereditary ano o keia kina ua pololei, akā, me ka ho'ākāka o kona maka loloʻa wai ia a laila kuhiakau. Akahele noiʻi a me ka originality o kokoke i ka pilikia, a i? Ac? I kānakaʻepekema ma ka 'atikala ia "hana hihia o ke ano" (1794), he i ke kumu o ka pouli o ka makahiki, a i mai, ua hoʻohanaʻia ophthalmologists.

kinoea kumumanaʻo

Hana e hoʻoholo i ka hopena, mai loina a me ka ho okolohua e alakai ana i nā wahi o ka 'epekema - ke kumu o ka makakū iaoia, a i ka haku o Dzhon HaleakaLā. Discoveries ma kemika a me ke kālaikūlohea, la oia i, e pinepine ma muli o ka mea ia ia mea. Mai ke ao o ka lewa, muliwai, ho okumu i ka malie, oia ua hō'ā i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana i nā hana kūleʻa o kinoea me ka nānā' ana i kā lākou mau kino, a Nine Inch ka waiwai - nuʻa, puʻe, etc. ae ka hopena o keia hana ia ia, e hana i discoveries ma ka corpuscular - ..'ātoma - ke ano o ka waiwai.

Ho okolohua me ka kinoea alakai aku a hiki i ka loaʻa mai o kekahi mau HaleakaLā kumu kānāwai: ma luna o ka hapa '(hoʻomaopop' ana i ka kanaka eiiiiiaiou) ka puʻuwai o ke kinoea läÿau, (1801), i ke kānāwai o thermal? Anoe? Aiey o ke kinoea (1802), a me nā lauana o ka noho male 'ana o ke kinoea i loko o ke kinowai (1803). I ka hopena o ka nui o ke koena unuhi o nā'ātoma aha kinoea, i ke alo o thermal wahī okoloatomnoy ae HaleakaLā wehewehe ana i ke 'ano o ke anoe o ke kinoea ka wā pii kai, kā lākou maholahune a me ka puʻe ke kaumaha ma muli o ka mawaho olelo.

Kealoha HaleakaLā ka'ātoma kumumanaʻo

Ka manaʻo i nā mea a pau ma ka 'ano ninoieo o ka moku indivisible hehee wale, i ua kaheaia ma ka kahiko kākau. Akā, ka mea, ua HaleakaLā i kēia mau manaʻo physicality. Ke kumu nui i hoakaka ia o kona kumumanaʻo, he mau māmala'ōlelo e hōʻike ana:

• All lako e mea iloko o ka uuku - indivisible, hana koke ka (particles) - nā'ātoma.
• Nā'ātoma o ka ia waiwai me ka nuipa a nui.
• Nā'ātoma o kekahi mau oihana mua lauwili ma ka nui a me ke kaumaha.
• More eiiieaena huna waiwai komo ana o ka helu o keʻano o nā'ātoma.
• Ke kaupaona ana o ka lua pele (particles) o ka waiwai like i ka huina o na nā paʻi hua o ka constituent nā'ātoma.

Pono malamaia ho o ka lātoma, HaleakaLā i ka laau lei. Ka nui makaʻu o ke nä känaka 'epekema - ana i loko o ka hana pono o ka' epekema manaʻo o pili'ātoma kaumaha manao'Ātoma o ka hydrogen like me ka hakakino kaumaha huahelu. 'ātoma nuipa a lilo iho la ia kumu waiwai i loko o ka laupaʻi ano kemika. 'Aʻole i pau ike HaleakaLā o ka'ātoma' ole o ka mea, he pololei no ka nele o ka? Acaeoey o mau ke kālaikūlohea, akā, i kona kumumanaʻo ua malama ia me ka impetus ikaika a hiki i ka ike o ka'Ātoma.

iaia

Kakaikahi, ua hiki ke hoʻokō i ka 'epekema wēlau, me ia i ka pilikia hoʻomaka, me Dzhon HaleakaLā. Pōkole Kawaihae o ke nä känaka 'epekema - he vivid mamuli o ka manao paa a me ka make wai no ka ike e hoʻololi i kekahi kanaka o ka ola. Ua apono 'oe e kumumea i ke ala o ka lilo i ka ikaika kanaka, a pehea i ka hou' ana o ke keiki i loaʻa hiki ole ke noho i ka'ōnaehana nui o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana, makua hilinaʻi i paa hou mai la i ke ala a hiki i ke kulanui, ma ka Âlapa' ike nä känaka 'epekema, lâlâ' o ka 'ihiʻihi iao? Ahahui' imi naʻauao oʻEulopa ike.

Mau examples i loko o ka moʻolelo o ia ka devotee, kokoke monastic Temepela i ka 'epekema, ka mea i alakai Dzhon HaleakaLā. Photo kiʻi pena me ke nä känaka 'epekema i loko o ka wā hope loa o ke ola, e hōʻike i ke kanaka nana i haawi i ka ikaika a pau methodical a me ka paakiki hana.

Kealoha HaleakaLā ka uku no ua i ka hoʻomaopopo pono o nā hoapili haumāna a me ka. Ke kia hoʻomanaʻo o ke nä känaka 'epekema i ua hoʻouka kekahi ma ka puka a hiki i ke College Royal o Manchester, kahi ana i ao mai ai i kona wā e ola. I ka wā e hiki mai, i kēia iaia ua ulu i loko o ka io global kaulana.