E like me ka kemikala isoprene laholio

He nui nā hana maoli laholio, a me kekahi o na tona ua noʻonoʻo isoprene laholio. Hana produces he ākeaʻano o nāʻano o nā huahana a me ka waiwai, a me ka ike o na catalysts mea i noi ia - likiuma, eiiieaena, a me ka mea e like.

Pehea ka laholio

He He kemikala isoprene laholio, stereoregulyaren ia, a loaa ia ia ma ka polymerization o isoprene, waiho ma ka meakino o ka inert'ūheheʻe me ka luna 'hōʻeleu. Keia ua hana, no ka laʻana, Ski-3. pono e polymerization o isoprene i loko o ka pāʻoihana ana, no keia mea, aia no na iuo aaoa? o eha - eono polymerizers a i ho'ēmi brine.

Ke lātoma i loko o ka läÿau, i kia i umikumamalua - umikumamalima pakeneka, alaila, o ka huli ana, e e kiʻekiʻe me kanaiwa-kumamalima pakeneka, a me ka hope i elua i ekolu hora ma mahana mai Aʻohe hiki iʻumi degere Kelekia. Inā pono, e loaa i ke kiʻekiʻe isoprene laholio, e pono ai maemae o reagents ia i loko o ka polymerization, he kiʻekiʻe loa degere.

Noaaeeecaoee a me ka holoi

E hoʻopale ai i ka pīlali mai ka'okesaside, ia mea pono e stabilize i ka läÿau, ma ka mea neozona phenylenediamine a me ka pono komo i ke i loko o ka pīlali me he koʻana koko pāʻoihana a me ka mai paha. E kaʻawale isoprene laholio, mai ka pīlali i ka hunahuna, pono e hui i ka pīlali me ka mahu a me ka wai, a laila mai i mea hoʻonui i pale aku i ka agglomeration (clumping). A mahope iho o keia mea, he mea pono e kipaku aku i ka'ūheheʻe. Ano, ke i e lawe mai decontamination keʻano o ka hanaʻana hunahuna hoʻokaʻawale, mai ka wai a me ka maloʻoʻana i loko o ka hobbing mīkini, a kāʻei dryers. I ka pau ana o ke kaʻina hana, e loaa isoprene laholio hiki ke noʻonoʻo me pau.

Ano mākou i ka mea ma luna o 'akomi briquetting mea kanu ma lalo o ka puʻuwai. Brand Ski-3 - kemikala isoprene laholio, a ua hua mai i ālai 'o kanakolu kilo me kēlā me kēia. Ke preform ua wahīʻia i loko o polyethylene ho film, a hoonoho iho la i loko o ka eha-ahu iho pepa eke. Kēia ho film hoʻokō 'ka poʻe ua hala loa i ka pono a me kahi, a mea he isoprene laholio, kona waiwai me ka loa hoʻohuihui ka mahana e leie aku polyethylene i hoopalupaluia, a hui pu ia me ka bulk i loko o ka mīkini kāwili.

'ole

Kēlā me kēia laholio i ka pāʻoihana loaʻa, i kona mau ano, a me nā hana i keia? Ueo waiwai. Ma kekahi rubbers maikai ma paʻi ikaika, oiai kekahi poe - Nine Inch ia'ku a me ka kinoea ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai ka waiwai, i ke kolu i ka makau o ka loli ma ka mahana, a pela ma ka. Waiwai o kanaka kemikala rubbers oi maoli ma na aoao a me na manawa he nui. Wale nō ka elasticity o maoli laholio i ole i ua no ka oi, a me ia mea i ka loa nui waiwai no ia huahana me mokulele a kaa papale hainaka.

Ma ana, ka mea mau i ka, alahula ke kanana nei - a me ka hoʻopilikia a me ka mīkini'opihia, i ke kumu no intermolecular kū'ē, ka wela a me ka poho o ka mea e like ai. Ia mea, o ka mea kiekie oia ka elasticity o ka laholio, ka mea paʻa o ka huahana. Ia mea no keia mea, i maoli laholio i ole naʻe i waho, mai ka 'atikala, a me ia mea, ua hoʻohana' ia no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka papale hainaka, a kaumaha-hana kiʻekiʻe-ka māmā holo mokulele a me ka hi. Natural laholio - isoprene pīlali, i mea no ke aha la e like me ka hana nui o nā kānakaʻepekema hana ana, e lilo i mea like o ka mea maoli isoprene laholio.

haʻilula

Resources maoli laholio? Iecaianoaaiiuo ka loa i kaupalena '. Normal hua mai la i ke ano maoli laholio i ka haʻilula C ₅ H _8, e like me ka mea huli mai, ia mea loa'ālike hakakino haʻilula o ka isoprene i ua hua mai ma ka paio hahana maoli nō ka laholio, i loko o nā huahana o kona decomposition. Ke kū'ē'ē 'ana i mea e huli lawa affordable ala. A isoprene laholio loaa mai ma ka polymerization naoh, a eia ka mea, mea nui, e kūkulu mai i ka naoh. Polymerization ia lŘlŘ no ka mea,: nCH ₂ = C (Ch ₃₎ - Ch = Ch ₂ ----> (-CH ₂ - C (Ch ₃₎ = Ch - Ch ₂₎ n.

I ka loa i olelo mua iaʻi iaoia mea no ke kaʻina hana o ka catalytic dehydrogenation o isopentane, i ua hookuu mai i kaʻaila kā kinoea. Ka hoʻomakaʻia no ka hana isoprene i e pentane: Ch ₃ Ch ₂ Ch ₂ Ch ₂ Ch _3, no ka mea, i ka wa wela, a me na catalysts ka mea, ua i hoohuliia i pal-pentane. Aia He He polymerization ano ma i ka naoh e paka ua kukulu isoprene laholio no laila, i ka laholio ua loaa, mea i like loa me ka 'ole i ka'āina, a me keia wahi aku nei ke ao hookahi maikaʻi waiwai.

isoprene

Isoprene o ka unsaturated hydrocarbon no i ka diene moʻo. He He yiaeaiiacaaeneiie colorless wai. A nui loa kiʻiona hohono. Isoprene laholio - lātoma maoli e like me ke koena o kona nā lātoma komo i loko o na mea he nui 'ē aʻe ma kona ano maoli i huiʻia - isoprenoids, terpenoids a me ka mea e like. Ua wailana ke aloha nā'uheheʻe. Me ka ethanol, no kekahi laʻana, i kawili pu ia i loko o kekahi lākiō. Akā, i loko o ka wai ka mea, hoike mai poorly.

Akā, ma ka haiia ano he mall pa alima o ka isoprene laholio ma ka polymerization, ma muli o ia i ka loaa isoprene laholio a me ka gutta percha. Isoprene no hoi e komo i loko o kekahi mau reactions i loko o ka copolymerization. I hana, ia mea paʻa mau, no ka mea, ia lŘlŘ Via hoʻololi kemikala rubbers, 'inikua hoomakaukau, a hiki i kekahi odoriferous waiwai. I ko kakou aupuni, ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o kemikala isoprene laholio ua ulu no ka lōʻihi manawa, a me ke kaha he iwakalua-eha hapa haneri o global? Iecaianoaaiiuo.

moʻolelo

Me Kinohi isoprene Ua loaa i ka 1860 godu pyrolysis o maoli laholio. pyrolysis - o ka thermal (kiʻekiʻe ana wela), ke anoe ana o na mea he nui'okanikaʻole a me ke aloha i huiʻia ma nā kūlana o ka oxygen deficiency. Hope ka mea i invented kukui isoprene - uila, a me ka hahana loa'ōwili hao, ma i thermally decomposed ma ka hua pisetakia aila keʻena hoʻokolohua.

World War II i lawe mai ai i ka pono nui i loko o ka isoprene rubbers, isoprene, a no ia mea, ua aʻo mai i ka hana ma ka hanalima me ka unahiʻole ma pyrolysis limonene. Aka, isoprene uaʻoi aku pipiʻi no ka nuipa a? Iecaianoaaiiuo o kemikala laholio. Ke kulana home 'ole ia oia i loaʻa he ano o ka hana ia, mai kaʻaila hoʻololi. Alaila, hoomaka iho la makou e ulu 'enehana no isoprene polymerization.

Kūlana i loko o ka hoʻokele waiwai

Ka mea nui wale nō i loko o hoʻolala i ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o kekahi huahana e like me isoprene laholio, - i ka poʻe uʻi a akau o ka wahi, no ka mea, Ua pono, e haawi aku i ka hapa iki o ka hookaawale ana _{o ka} C ₅ a hiki i ka mākaʻikaʻi ana i kekahi mau poʻe i hoʻomaka ńlua. Ka lua o ka lani kiekie loa nui - ka malama ana i wahi manao me hoʻopōʻaiapuni hydrocarbon ka i koe mai ka C ₅ mahele.

Ma ke kakahiaka nui nineties o ka iwakalua kenekulia, Western Europe hua mai la ma kahi o kanawalu-kumamalima tausani na tona o ka diene _5, o ka a he kanaha-eha tausani tons Ua dimerized cyclopentadiene a me ka iwakalua tausaniʻekolu tons - isoprene. Ke koena - he umikumamalima tausani tons - he piperylenes. He umi makahiki ma hope, i ka global ka leo o ka isoprene? Iecaianoaaiiuo mahuahua i ewalu haneri a me kanalima tausani tona no ka makahiki.

waiwai

Ma lalo hae rula, isoprene, e like me ua olelo mai - ia mea he yiaeaiiacaaeneiie, colorless wai, i loko o ka wai kokoke insoluble, akā, i hui pūʻia i loko o kekahi lākiō me ka'eto ka waiʻona, he benchmark, benzene, acetone. Isoprene mea hiki ke ho okumu i azeotropic nā mea huihuina me ka laulā o ka okoa ke aloha nā'uheheʻe. I ka noʻonoʻo 'ana iʻikepili spectroscopic haʻawina Ua akaka no ia, a hiki i ke kanalima o ka kekelē Kelekia ma ka hapanui o ka isoprene nā lātoma lawe i ka pilina paʻa ke-māhū-conformation, wale he umikumamalima pakeneka o na nā lātoma i loko o ka mau-Kisa no lakou conformation. Ma waena o kēia mau Hawaii like i ka ikehu koena unuhi o 6,3 kJ.

Ke Nine Inch waiwai e isoprene like me ka typical conjugate diene i komo i loko o hakahaka reactions, hou, chelation, cyclization telomerization. Hana reactions me electrophiles a me dienophiles.

palapala noi

Ke bulk o ka isoprene, a ua hua mai la i ka manawa, ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka hoʻololi kemikala o isoprene laholio, like me ma ka' ole a me ka waiwai o maoli laholio. Ua Ua hoʻohana pakahi aku la ia pono no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka papale hainaka. More huahana nei 'ē aʻe polymerization isoprene - polyisoprene mea hoʻohana me ka nui loa emi, no ka mea, he waiwai o ka gutta-percha. Mai ka mea, e hana, no ka laʻana,'īpale no kaula a me ka kolepa kala. Isoprene laholio ua hoʻohana 'ia no ka? Iecaianoaaiiuo o kela ano keia ano o ka laholio huahana, ma ka hui pu ana, o ka maoli a me nā kemikala rubbers.

No ka laʻana, e emi i ka stickiness i hoʻohuiʻia methylstyrene-butadiene rubbers, he okoa hou luhi ke ahonui, ina mau deformation. Nitrites i pākuʻi i ka'okikene kolu ia'ku a me ka ia'ku e hoʻa'ā i oo hoi. Penei, nānā i ke kaʻina o oaoieei-waiwai isoprene rubbers wahi aku me ka hoike ana ia lakou iho i ka wa hoʻohana 'ana i mea hoʻoili mau hipuu, a omo hoses, a me ke alo mīkini mau pua, ma ka hana o nā kāmaʻa,' inikua a me nā huahana.

? aneie P ÷ ino

Isoprene hoopuni explodes a ignites. Ma kiʻekiʻe nā hoʻohui like i loko o ke kino e alakai i ka lōlō a me ka make. Heʻano nui ia lŘlŘ ma ka lewa saturation, a no ia mea, hele i ka pūnao o ka naehana'ōnaehana ka wā o ka isoprene ua hoohuliia mai i ka epoxides a me diols.

High lehulehu ua manaoia i kanaha milligrams no cubic mika - o ka mahele lāʻau palena. Small nā hoʻohui like o isoprene i loko o ka lewa ke i ma luna o ke kanaka i ka narcotic hookoia, pono loa o na maka,ʻili, naehana'āpana a me mucous membranes.

kālaimeaola

Hoikehonua,ʻepekema Ua loaʻa i isoprene ohu kuu i loko o ka lewa Aneane pau mea kanu. Ke global ka leo phytogenic isoprene loiloi 'ia ma ka hola ^_(180-450). December ¹⁰ nā huna o ka kalapona no ka makahiki. Ua hōʻeleu i kēia kaʻina hana inā i ka lewa mahana mea kokoke i kanakolu kekelē Kelekia ma, a ina he kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ka pāhawewe lā ana kāʻamaʻai ua paʻa kūhohonu loa loa. Isoprene biosynthesis inhibited fosmidomycin a me ka pili 'o Randy i ka helu o statins. No ke aha la e kanu hana keia - uaʻaʻole maopopo maopopo. Paha isoprene ka mea, e hāʻawi mai ia keu kumupaʻa i ka overheating. Eia hou kekahi, ia mea he'ano'ē manu mea hiki ke hoomalu mea kanu e ku eʻeleu o oxygen? Ueony, a me ka'okikene kolu waiū.

No hoi, ua aaeaaaaony kānakaʻepekema i ka isoprene hoʻololi kemikalaʻo ia iā mākou mau ke lilo aku NADPH a me ATP nā lātoma mea e loaa mea kanu i kāʻamaʻai. Nolaila, hoʻokaʻawale o isoprene i malama ku e photooxidative poino a me perevosstanovleniya ina excessive hoʻomālamalama. Ke keakea ana i keia hoomalu anaʻano papa hana paha e ka kalapona, a ua hua mai la i ka hihia i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ka kāʻamaʻai, ua luku ma luna o ka auaaeaiea o isoprene. Ma mea kanu, kńnaka i ole pani, a ike mai ia i ke kanaka kino mea i hiki i ka paka diene hydrocarbons, isoprene, a iwaena o lakou mea o ka loa, he pono ole.