Economist Milton Friedman: A Kawaihae, manaʻo, ke ola a me ka olelo

Milton Friedman - he economist Amelika i loko o ka makahiki 1976 loaa ka Nobel lua no kona noiʻi i loko o ke kula o ka hokii, koi pohō a moʻolelo a me ka manaʻo pohihihi o ka noaaeeecaoee kulekele. Me George Stigler ua he akamai lua o ka hanauna alihi kaua o ka Chicago Kula. I waena o kāna mau haumāna koʻikoʻi economists e like me Geri Bekker, Robert Fogel, Ronald Kouz, Robert Lucas, Jr .. I ka walaʻauʻana i ka manaʻo nui o Friedman ka hopohopo nei koi pohō a kulekele, auhau, privatization, deregulation o ke kulekele, pakahi aku la ia i loko o ka 1980s. Monetarism i kekahi i alakaʻi ai i ka olelo hooholo o ka US Pekelala'ōnaehana i ka global kālā ulia.

Pōkole Kawaihae Miltona Fridmana: ka makahiki i kakahiaka nui

I ka wā e hiki mai nä känaka 'epekema i hānau i loko o Brooklyn, kekahi o ka poʻeʻilihune mau mea o New York. Kona mau makua nā meaʻeʻe moku mai Hungary. City mai a lakou emigrated, i kēia manawa ma luna o ka mokuna o Ukraine (Beregovo ma Transcarpathian māhele'āina). Friedman mau mākua i kuai nā mea hana o ka home. Ma hope iho o ka hanau ana o ke keiki, hoʻoneʻe i ka ohana a hiki i ke kulanakauhale o Rahway ma New Jersey. E like me ke keiki, Friedman loaʻa i loko o ka ulia, ka me ka makaʻu no ma kona lehelehe luna, a noho pū me ia no ke ola. Puka 'o ia mai ke kula kiʻekiʻe ma ka 1928 a me ka helu ma Rutgers University. Ke kanaka opiopio hana kūikawā ma ka makemakika a me ka 'aoʻao hoʻokele waiwai. He mua manaoia e lilo i kakauolelo. Eia naʻe, ma ke aʻo aʻu i halawai mau kānakaʻepekema - Arthur Burns a me Homer Jones, hookonokono ae la i aku la ia ia i ka hoʻokele waiwai ke kōkua alakai mai i ke ao nei mai o ke kaumaha nui.

Ma hope o ka puka,ʻo ia i kaumaha aku elua e hoolauna pu ai i ka makemakika ma Brown a me ka hoʻokele waiwai 'ana ma Chicago. Friedman koho i ka hope, a ua loaa i ka Haku o Arts loa i ka makahiki 1933. Kona manao 'ole e Dzheykob Viner, Frank Nayt a me Henry Simons. Aia la oia me kona wā e hiki mai ka wahine, Rose. A laila, ua aʻo 'ikepili helu ma lalo o ke alakaʻi o ka economist kaulana Harold Hotelling, a hana e like me ka hoalawehana na Genri Shultsa. Ma ke Kulanui o Chicago, halawai mai Friedman me elua o kona maikai hoa - George Stigler a me Allen Kupaianahalani.

Public hana

Ma hope o ua noho mai ka Friedmann mua hiki i loaʻa he 'oihana ao. A no keia mea hoʻoholo i ka hele i Wakinekona me kona hoa Allen Kupaianahalani, kahi Roosevelt i e hoomaka, e hoʻomaopopo i kona "New Kameʻe". Friedman hope i manao ai, a pau i ka moku'āina 'uao "ineffective ai', mai ka hewa mai." I ka makahiki 1935,ʻo ia hana ma ka National Resources Komite, i hoomaka mua i ka manaʻo e pili ana i ke ano o ke kuleana pili i hokii. laila i noho ai a hiki i ka National Buro o Economic Research Friedman. He hana me ka hoalawehana na Simona Kuznets.

I ka 1940, Friedman ua he Kumu ma ke Kulanui o Wisconsin, akā, hoi aku la i ka hana lehulehu no ka mea, o Anati-Semitism. He hana ma ka oihana auhau pilikino E pili ana i ke Aupuni Pekelala me he kuhikuhi. Ma dute ia i koi Keynesian moku'āina 'uao i loko o ka hoʻokele waiwai.

Trees a me ka piʻi like

Milton Friedman ua i kuhikuhi i ka US pelekikena mai ka Republican Party o Ronald L, a me ka Beritania makeʻe kulana Kuhina Nui Kuhina Margaret Thatcher. Kona kālaiʻike pili aupuni kiekie i ka mana o ka noa kuai me ka palena haʻahaʻa aupuni 'uao. Once Friedmanʻike i ka mea, e hoomanao i kona nui e piʻi like ke kāpaeʻana conscription i loko o ka United States. I loko o kona ola, i palapala mai i ka helu o monographs, puke, 'atikala ma ka' epekema nā puke a me nā nupepa, ua he keena hookipa o ke kīwī, a ua haʻi'ōlelo ma kekahi mau kulanui. Kana hana i Ua Popular ole wale i loko o ka US a me UK, akā, i loko o ka Socialist'āina. Ka Magazine "Ka Economist" kapa ia ka loa influential economist o ka lua o ka hapalua o ka 20th kenekulia, a paha ke kenekulia. Oiai kekahi mau poʻo haawi aku i ka lāʻau a hiki i John Maynard Keynes.

aneiai wale

Milton Friedman mea pono i ike no ka unuhi i ka noonoo ana i ke kālā lako. Monetarism - mea he lākou o ka manao i ka i pili i ka mea kumumanaʻo. Kona ko läkou 'Hiki ke loaʻa i loko o ka 16th kenekulia. Together me Annoy Shvarts Fridman i kākau i ka puke i kapaia "He koi pohō a History o ka Amerika Huipuia o Amerika, 1867-1960 (1963)." Mau regression kālailai hoopaa i ka primacy o ke dala lako i ka waiwai kūʻai a me ka noho aupuni ana ke kālā. Natural ka nele i ka inevitable, no laila ia i ole ano e kaua ia. Aupuni mea,ʻaʻole e pono ke alakai i ka hoʻokele waiwai ma ka hikiāloaʻikepili.

Aey? Acaeoey i loko o ka mahinaʻai o nā 'ikepili helu

Sequential Ka Ikepili hoʻomohalaʻia Milton Friedman. Ka papa kuhikuhiE manaʻo i hele mai, mai ona aku, oiai e lawelawe ana ma ka Oihana o Kaua Pilikanaka ma Columbia. A laila, ua lilo sequential ana helu Ka Ikepili he maʻamau iaoia o ka auhau. Like nui no hoi na discoveries Friedman, i keia la ia mea incredibly maʻalahi. Akā, i kēia mea he anakahi o ke ano akamai i kauoha aku e komo iloko ka pā o kaʻike manaʻo. I kēia lā, e ku ana helu Ka Ikepili mea he ki paahana o kēia economists.

Milton Friedman: Capitalism a me ka noho kauwa ole ana

monetarism manaʻo hoʻomaka me ka refutation o Keynesian kumumanaʻo. Ma hope, e kapa aku Milton Friedman nui o kona ai naʻaupō. I ka makahiki 1950ʻo ia i kona ano iho o ke kuleana pili i hokii. Capitalism a me ka noho kauwa ole ana - mau manaÿo i i hoʻolauna hou i loko o ka 'epekema kipi o Milton Friedman. Monetarism hoʻohana he "Keynesian 'ōlelo a me ka methodological i hoʻomākaukauʻia," akā, e hoole i ka palapala nā mea mahuʻi o ke kumumanaʻo o ka moku'āina rula hooponopono o ka hoʻokele waiwai. Friedman aʻole i manaoio i ka manawa kūpono o ka piha nona iho ka hanaʻana. I kona hoomaopopo ana, he mea mau i ka aoao maoli ana o ka nele, i mea meaningless i ke kaua. Economists hoʻopaʻapaʻa ana i loko o ka lōʻihi holo Phillips hālawa nana e like me ka vertical pololei laina, a wānana i ka manawa kūpono o ia ka kŰia me stagflation. No laila, ka mea wale nō ka hoʻokō kulekele o ka moku'āina mea he gradual mahuahua i loko o ke kālā lako.