Endotoxin - he ... Exotoxins a me endotoxins

Ma kekahi o na aupuni a pau o ke 'ano ninoieo o hookahi-aa? Meaola, koʻohune kaʻawale i loko o ka' Oihana. Ka hapanui o? Ueo paka kūikawā Nine Inch i huiʻia - exotoxins a me endotoxins. Ko lakou Mea Maluna, ka waiwai a me ka ole i na kanaka kino e e hookolokolo aku la ia i loko o kēia 'atikala.

He aha nā toxins

Waiwai (ʻano nui kumuʻiʻo ano a lipopolysaccharide), malū mea koʻohune aeea i loko o ka extracellular loli ma hope o kona make - mea he mea koʻohune endotoxin. Inā ola prokaryotic meaola producesʻawahia waiwai i loko o ka püÿali halepaahao, ma ka microbiology, ua kapaia ua hui exotoxins. Ka mea, i ka kŘpuna ia ma luna o kanaka'aʻaʻa a me nā loko, o: inactivate ka'ūhū'ōnaehana ma ke kelepona hele pae, loko pūnao. Endotoxin - he make, ka hoʻolako 'iaʻino wale i ma ola keena, a me kona lehulehu hiki e uuku loa. I microbiology ike e pili ana i 60 i huiʻia anao? Aou mea koʻohune keena. E mākou noonoo ia i loko o aku au mamuli.

Lipopolysaccharide ano o ka mea koʻohune hoomake iho no hoi

ʻepekema, ua ike ia endotoxin - he huina hoonui o ka cleavage o ka pāʻili lahilahi o gram-io koʻohune. He He luna 'iloko olaila o ka luna' carbohydrate a me ka lipid e pāʻani aku me kekahi mau 'ano o ka halepaahao receptors. Kēia pilina ninoieo o ekolu māhele: lipid A, antigen a me ka oligosaccharide lātoma. He ka mua ke keʻena, noho i loko o ke koko kahawai, ma o na la hookoia loaʻino wale i, i ukali ia e pau na hoailona o ka loa kaʻapu kōheoheo: dyspepticʻike manaʻo, hyperthermia, lesions o ka Central ko mākou hopohopo nenoaiu. Maʻiʻaʻai ana i ke koko endotoxin ia lŘlŘ no laila, hoʻomaka koke i ke kino e hoʻomōhala ana i septic kŰia.

Kekahi mall hehee ai no i ka endotoxin - mea he oligosaccharide ec heptose - C ₇ H ₁₄ O _7. Puka i loko o ke koko, ke kikowaena disaccharide hiki no hoi i intoxication, akā, milder ma mua o ka hihia o ka hui 'ana me ke koko lipid A.

Waiwai o ka waiū i endotoxins ma ke kanaka kino

Ka loa, he pono ole ka hopena o ka hana o ka mea koʻohune toxins ma na keena e trombogemorragichesky maʻi pale a me septic kŰia. Ka muaʻano o ka pathology aicieeaao, mai ke komoʻana i nā waiwai koko - toxins ho'ēmi i kona coagulation. Ua hiki aku i mau hui, kēia pōʻino, oia hoi o connective'aʻaʻa - parenchyma, e like me akemāmā, ake, a me nā puʻupaʻa. Kā lākou i hoʻomaka ai parenchyma mau kahe ana ke koko, a me ka loa hihia - kahe ana ke koko. Kekahiʻano o ka maʻi e ia lŘlŘ like me ka hopena o ka hana o ka mea koʻohune toxins - Ua septic kŰia. Ua hiki aku i ka 'aʻe' ana i ke koko a me ka lymph holo, i ka hopena o ka i nā 'aʻe' ana o ka oxygen ma amo, a māhuaola i nui nā loko a me nā'aʻaʻa: lolo, maʻiʻaʻai, puupaa, ake.

A kanaka hoewaa i ikaika no ke ola-hooweliweli symptoms e like me ka kokololio kulu i loko o ke koko,, hyperthermia, a hoʻomaka koke ka ulu 'huʻi mea'ōnaehana mānowai koko insufficiency. Ka manaʻo 'inikua' uao (e paa ana hōmona a me ka antibiotic Inc) suppresses endotoxin kanawai a koke e lawe aku oe ia ia mai ke kino.

Otherness exotoxins

Ma mua, ua loaʻa mai i ka i Kekahi Mau 'o kēia' ano o ka mea koʻohune hoomake iho no hoi, ua keia iloko o ua endotoxin - keia mea kekahi o na eiiiiiaiou o ka lysate o ka halepaahao pa o ka gram-io koʻohune i make. Exotoxins synthesized ma ka noho prokaryotic aeee: nā gram-maikaʻi a me ka gram-io. Ma hua'ōlelo o Nine Inch 'ole, ka mea, i nā polokina uuku loa me ka hakakino kaumaha. I kekahi ke olelo aku i ka nui lapaʻau hoikeana 'ia ma infectious maʻi, kena ae la kaʻoi loa lethality exotoxins a i hana ma muli o i ka pūnao o loa koʻohune.

Microbiological haʻawina i ai i ka oi aku virulence o kēia 'ano o ka mea koʻohune toxins, i like i ka endotoxin. Ke causative konohiki o ka tetanus, whooping cough, diphtheria pakaʻawahia waiwai o ke kumuʻiʻo ano. Ka mea, ho'āʻo thermolability, a luku iho la ia ma ka hahana maoli nō kēia i loko o ka laulā o ka mai 70 a hiki i 95 kekelē Kelekia ma no 12-25 minuke.

ano exotoxins

Mea Maluna o ka 'ano o ka mea koʻohune toxins kūkuluʻia ma luna o ka loina hooponopono o ko lākou hookoia ma luna o ka halepaahao' ole. No ka laʻana, maopopo membranotoksiny, ka mea, ma loko aeea koa membranes 'ole' aʻe ka maholahune a me kaʻeleu amo ana o Ion maalo ae la oia ma kaʻili lahilahi bilayer. Aia mau no hoi cytotoxins. Ua hoomake iho no hoi e hana ma luna o aeee hyaloplasm, a mai hoʻopilikia i ka naoh o kaʻaluna, a dissimilation 'ia i loko o ke kelepona hele pūnao. Other i huiʻia - hoomake iho no hoi "hana" e like me nā'ūhū, e laʻa me, hyaluronidase (neuraminidase). Ka mea, uhi ka'ōnaehana paleʻea'ōnaehana o ke kanaka, i ua inactivated i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o lymphocytes, monocytes a me macrophages ma ka lymph aka wahi. Mai protease pepehi aiiay nā mea'aʻaʻa, a me Lecithinase pili mai lecithin, hapa o ke aʻalolo olona. Ua hele aku ai i ka hoʻohuikau 'o ka bioimpulsov, a me kaʻilihune, a hiki i ka emi ana ma ka innervation o nā loko a me nā'aʻaʻa.

Cytotoxins e hana like detergents, pela he mea ka make ana o ka pono o ka lipid, ahu ihoʻili lahilahi o ka kaua aeea. No hoi, e hiki e wāwahi ai, e like me kanaka keena ma ke kino a me ko lakou mau hoa ka mea, -'aʻaʻa ka hoʻomake 'i ke kahua o biogenic amines, a nō nā huahana o metabolic reactions a me ka hoikeʻawahia waiwai.

Keʻano papa hana o ka hana o ka mea koʻohune toxins

Ua hookupaa Microbiological haʻawina i endotoxin - he luna '' ole ec mau hakakino waena. Me Kinohiʻawahia waiwai attaches i ka kekahi halepaahao mea loaʻa, a me ka lua o ka splittingʻili lahilahi mea komo 'ana i loko o na keena hyaloplasm. It toxin ālai 'ka metabolic reactions: kumuʻiʻo biosynthesis lawe wahi i loko o ka ribosomes, ATP hoʻololi kemikala a ua lawe mai ma mitochondria, replication o nukelea nāʻakika. Ke kiʻekiʻe virulence o ka mea koʻohune peptides, mai ka oiai o ka Nine Inch 'ole o ko lākou nā lātoma, aie i ka mea i kekahi o ka toxin loci Hoano eo māhele' ole o ka 'ona i loko o ka halepaahao, e like me neurotransmitters, hormones a me nā'ūhū. Ua apono ka toxin "e circumvent ke kelepona hele hoakaka'ōnaehana" a komo i loko o kona cytoplasm hikiwawe loa. Penei, o ka halepaahao ua disarmed mua mea koʻohune maʻiʻaʻai, mai ka hiki, e lilo haalele i kona mau aiiay waiwai: interferon, gamma-globulin, nā mea'aʻaʻa. It E e hoʻomaopopo i ka waiwai o ka endotoxins a me exotoxins i like i loko o ia nā 'ano o nā mea koʻohune toxins hana ma luna o kekahi keena i loko o ke kino, i ka mea, i ke kiʻekiʻe specificity.