(Essay) "mua kanaka" Maksima Gorkogo

"Mua kanaka" - i ka hana i hana ia ma ka makahiki 1897. Ma kona naau - ka pilikino nā manaʻo o ka mea kākau, a loaa ia ia ia mea, he e noho i loko o ka hale rooming ma na outskirts o Kazan. Keia hana ma ka 'ano moʻokalaleo Ke hiki e hoakakaia me he (essay), e like me ka wehewehe aku ma ka pololei o ke kiʻi no ia, o ka nele o nāʻano, hoʻolohe mai i ka maʻamau o ke ola, e like me ka pono i piha kiʻi ano. O ka "mua kanaka" Gorky ka hou koho i ke 'ano o ka tramp. No glamor, maʻa iā mākou, mai ke kakahiaka i loko o kona mau hana.

"Mua People": hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo

Nui wahi i loko o ka hapa mua o ka hōʻike pono i haawiia mai. Ma mua, ma mua mai o ka suburban alanui. Heʻino, hookananuha oukou. Pupupu, Aiaʻaneʻi, inconspicuous: he skewed puka makani a me uma paia, leaky puhi. E ike puʻu o ka ioni? A me ka rubble. Ke eia ho'ākāka i ka hale o ke kalepa Petunnikoff. Kēia lop-kapakahi hale me ka wawahi ai i ka puka makani. e uhi kona pā me ka mawae. Ma keia hale, e like me ka haleʻuʻuku, ke aupuni 'flophouse. Ua kohu ka 'aka, lōʻihi puka.

kiʻi poe nele

Mai ka hōʻike o ka Kalaiaina o ka mea kākau hele ma i kiʻi nele. He aha e na "kanaka kahiko" Gorky ka hula "Ka Lower hohonu" ma?

Aristide Sledgehammer - i ka mea nona o ka hale rooming, mua malama ia me ka luna. He luna o ka poʻe o laila,-kapaia "kanaka kahiko" a ia mea "mau koʻokoʻo." Gorky hōʻike iā ia e like me ka loihi, palahalaha ke kanaka ma kahi o 50 makahiki kahiko, a me ka pockmarked maka, pehu, mai inu. He ua hoaahuia oia i ka pali a me kaʻino luna ka greatcoat, a ma luna o kona poʻo ka waʻa chap.

Eia, kiʻi'ē aʻe nele. Kekahi o ia mau mea - i ke kumu. It slouching kiʻekiʻe ke kanaka me ka'ōhule o ke poʻo, a me ka lōʻihi, pahi ihu. Kekahi poe nele - Simtsov Aleksey Maksimovich, iʻikeʻia me Kubar. Kēia kanaka - ka mua ululāʻau. Gorky mai la oia ia mea, ua "mānoanoa me ka barela." He mea he uuku ihu ulaula kala like 'ole, he ao keʻokeʻo umiumi a me ka cynical lua maka.

I kekahi noho o ka hale doss - Martyanov Luka Antonovich inoa kapakapa Ka pau. Mua, oia hana like me ka hale paʻahao kula mai, a me ka manawa - kekahi o na "kanaka kahiko". He He malie a me ka 'aka uaʻona.

Eia ola a me Paulo Solntsev (Obedok) mechanic. Kēia lopsided consumptive kanaka o ma kahi o kanakolu makahiki. Eia, o ka mea kākau wehewehe Kiselnikova. Ka poe nele - ka mua hoahewa ia. He ua menina a me ka lōʻihi, "ka hālawa i loko o kekahi maka." He Ua kapaia ka hapa Taras, e like me kona hoa Taras, he mua E i kekahi, a me ka hapa manawa haʻahaʻa ma mua ia. Next, ua aʻo e pili ana i na keikikane loa-piʻipiʻi "ridiculous" "me ka sheepish pokou Mug". Kona inoa kapakapa - Meteor. A laila, i ka mea kākau makana iā mākou a me ka ano o nā kupa o ka hale rooming, ke kanaka. Kekahi o ia mau mea - Tyapa, he kahiko Rag-picker.

ano poe nele

Maxim Gorky ua kokoke mai ko makou noonoo ana a hiki i ke ala mau kanaka i indifferent i ko lakou hopena, e like me ia i ke ola a me ka naue like ana o na mea e ae. Ka mea, e apathetic, ae hōʻike ana i ka impotence i mawaho ana. I ko lakou mau naau ma ka ia huhu manawa e ulu ana i ua olelo ku e waiwai kanaka. Ma ke ala, ke ao nei o "kanaka kahiko" Gorky ka hula "Ka Lower hohonu" i loko o ka mea i like loa me ka kekahi hana i loko o ka sketch mākou i pili.

Kue me Petunnikoff

Ma ka lua o ka hapa o ka hana a pau kēia mau huapalapala eha ma ka naau translates i loko o hamama kue me Petunnikoff, he kūloko kālepa. Ke ano o keia kaua - pōʻai. Ke kāpena i kekahi 'i kekahi hapa o ke kalepa kanu mea ma luna o ka honua Vavilov. He hoike ka innkeeper e noi Petunnikoff. It E e kaulana i Aristide Sledgehammer ma keia hihia ua kipaku e ole makemake, e pono ai. He pololei makemake e annoy Petunnikoff, a ke kahea aku inaina iho Iuda.

confrontation hopena

Naʻe, ke koi ana, i'ōlelo mai ai 600 rubles, ke ao nei welau a. Business, hoʻonaʻauaoʻia a me nā mea make keiki Petunnikoff Vavilov e hoike i ka pono, e hookaawale ia i ka hihia, mai ka pā hale. I ole ia, ka mea hooweliweli i ka pani o ka PUB, a iloko ona i kakauia i ka innkeeper. Nā noho o ka doss hale hoʻomaopopo i kēia manawa, e loaʻa ka mea, e haʻalele i ke kuai oukou wahi, no ka mea, ka mea kalepa meaʻiʻo,ʻaʻole e kala mai ia lakou i keia hewa.

Soon Petunnikoff maoli Pono e haʻalele koke "hibarochku". Akā, i kēia pōʻino i ole e pau i laila. Uchiel make, i ka make ana o hoopiiia Aristide sledgehammer. A eia ka mea hope e uhai aku i nele kaiāulu. Petunnikoff kaua lanakila.

ʻike manaʻo meʻe

Nui noonoo Maxim Gorky uku ole wale i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o ka ai-i kapaia o ke ola-polokalamu. He ua i hoihoi i loko o ko lākouʻike manaʻo, ka loko honua. Ka mea kākau manaoio i noho i loko o ka flophouse produces palupalu kanaka i mea ole hiki ke hoola, i ka pakiko-hoʻi. Ka mea, hoole a pau, a me ko lakou mau ola. Kēia kūlana (kona ideology - Sledgehammer) luku a me ka unpromising. Ia mea,ʻaʻole constructive, maikaʻi hoʻomaka 'ana. A me ka eha ma ka naau ua kena ae la ma ka impotence, hiki paka wale hāʻule pohō wale a me ka huhu.

Mākou ke i aku nei au ia Maxim Gorky (kiʻi o ia i haawi ma luna) i loko o kona (essay) "kanaka kahiko" ka hoolaha aku i ka poʻe e noho lā ma ka'ōlelo "lalo". Ua hōʻike pū 'ana powerless a me ka AEeOEXAaI huapalapala. Ka Ikepili (essay) "mua kanaka" hōʻike i ka mea, i ole hiki i maikaʻi manaʻo a me nā hana. Ma keia manao, ka mea, ua ahuwale ka Episode o ka Haku i ka make. Maul, ka poe i manaoio i ke kanaka me ka hoa,ʻaʻole au ke loaʻa i ke kanaka hua'ōlelo no ka mea. lewa i loko o nā moʻolelo Social pilikia bosyatskogo kalapona i loko o ka wā e hiki mai, e hoʻomau i ka Hawaiʻi ma nā hana keaka o Maksima Gorkogo.

Ke koena unuhi huahana mai physiological sketches

Ke physiological sketch i ke kumu nui nō paha o ke kiʻi i ka nohona kūlana o nā huapalapala, ma mua o kekahi. Nā kākau i hoihoi i loko, no ka laʻana, hui,-grinder Petersburg, St. Petersburg wiper, kaba O Keaukaha, luna, poʻe kālepa. Ma ka noʻeau sketch i hana Gorky ( "kanaka kahiko"), e kālele ana ma ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o nā huapalapala o nā huapalapala, ka poe i hoao kaiapili kulana. Ku I Ka e noho ana i loko o ka hale rooming, ma ka lalo o ke ola. Flophouse malama Aristide Sledgehammer, i mea wale i ka "mua" ke kanaka, no ka mea, o ka luna hoi.

I ka wa e kaawale aku o ka autobiographical meʻe

Ua hiki ke kaulana a me kekahi mau hiʻona 'ē aʻe o ka huahana. No ka laʻana, "kanaka kahiko" mea i autobiographical meʻe kiʻi ai kama'āina i Gorky. Ke narrator i loko o kēia hana, me he mea la manao e hoʻomamao aku ia ia iho mai na mea a pau, aʻaʻole i kumakaia kona alo. Mākou ke olelo i kona kūlana i loko o ka hana ana o "kanaka kahiko" Gorkogo Maksima mea kekahi okoa ma mua i loko o ka pōʻaiapuni "Ma Rusia," a ma ka pilialoha moʻolelo o ka mea kākau. Ke autobiographical meʻe mea,ʻaʻole he haumāna o nā huapalapala, kā lākou mau hoa. Wale lāliʻi keikikane kiʻi, a Pani 'ōlelo' Sledgehammer Meteor, a me ka characterization o ana ia Hawaii kekahi, ae mai e ike i ka mea i autobiographical külana. Naʻe, ka mea, ua iki mamao loa mai ka hana o ka narrator.

Ke hoʻololi mai romanticism e realism

I ka papa kuhikuhiE mea e distinguishes ka "mua kanaka", mai ka hana o Gorky, e pili ana i ka hana mua - o ka hoʻololi mai i ka pilialoha ano o ke ano i kaʻoia iʻo. Ka mea kākau nō hōʻike na kanaka, mai na kanaka. Eia naʻe, i kona hoopii e realism e leie aku iā ia, e hōʻike nui aku vividly ka Akä naÿe ma waena o pouli a me ka malamalama, a me ka nāwaliwali ikaika aoao o ke aupuni ano, kona inconsistency. Ua kekahi mea i ke kumuhana o ka noiʻi i loko o ka huina hoonui o ka "kanaka kahiko".

Pēlā ka manaʻo o ka mea kākau, ua ala ae nei ia i ka oihana o ka realism, hiki ole loaʻa i ke ala, e hoʻoponopono i ke kaua ma waena o naue like ana o ke kanaka (kona kiʻekiʻe), a me ka lono kaumaha ole, e hoʻomaopopo i kona ola "mua" kanaka, ka mea haʻahaʻa kaiapili kulana e noho. Invincibility o ka kaua hana Gorky ma ka panorama hope e hoʻi ai i ka Outlook, nona romanticism. Wale nō i loko o ka hehee ai o ka olelo hooholo hiki ke loaʻa insoluble. Ka mea kākau kākau i loaʻa ua mea relentless a Makamae i loko o ke kanana 'oho ao, i loa uhi i ka lani. Me ina ka mea, ua kokoke lakou e uhai mai i ka ua a me ka holoi aku i ka lepo a me ka luhi'āina kaumaha. Nohona ma, eia nae, heʻoia iʻo panorama. He pono, e olelo aku i kekahi mau olelo e pili ana ia.

panorama

I ke kakahiaka nui moʻolelo i ka mea kākau o ka pilialoha panorama i manao e kuapo i ka loaʻa kekahi ano, a me ka spirituality a me ka nani o ka hema po, i ka weliweli o ka pouli nahele a me ka poino pau ole steppes ke malama i ke kāʻei kua no ka hōʻike 'ia' ana o ka pilialoha meʻe, ma ka lilo ana o kona ola ana i kona maikaʻi. Ano, Gorkiy Maksim ( "mua kanaka") pili i kaʻoia iʻo panorama. He mea hoihoi i loko o kona Anati-aesthetic hiʻona. Ua 'alo iā mākou i kaʻino outskirts. Turbidity kala like 'ole, tarnish, pallor pono e hana i ka pono o ka malama ole ana i ke kaiapuni i loko i ka nele ola.

e kue ana

Ka mea kākau UOAAaOON e maopopo ana i ka nui a me ka nohona pilikino Loaʻaʻia o ka ai-kapaia "kanaka kahiko". pono He e loaʻa mai paha ka mea, i loko o ka pilikia wahi lulu popilikia a me ka pilina rula, e malama i ka uhane, ole-lako cia, i hiki ke Akä naÿe no ia me ke ao nei no laila, kaulikeʻole iā ia. Ke peculiarity o ke kaua ua kena ae la kaʻoi loa keia kēia lākiō o nā nīnūnē. ma kekahi hana e kue ana i ka nohona külana. Ma hope o ka poʻe nele, alai ae la sledgehammer Petunnikoff kue i ke kālepa, a me kana keiki - anu, ikaika, akamai a me ka hoʻonaʻauao aku i nā lālā o ka Lūkini bourgeoisie.

Ka mea kākau Ua hoihoi ia ma ka mea i oi aku degere o ka nohona, ao ke ano o keia confrontation, a me ka unwillingness e maopopo i nā huapalapala iho kulana, hiki ka manaʻolana 'ia, i ko lakou mau mea e pono ai. Ia mea,ʻaʻole he'āina'ē ka mea, e hoihoi i loko, a me ke kala. Kēia mea wale nō i ka hoike ana mai o ka inaina o ka poʻeʻilihune ua ona i ke kanaka hana a me ka waiwai.

Gorky hōʻike piha i emi kana o ka "mua kanaka"ʻike hoʻokumu, ulu loko, a hana paha, ka hoʻoponopono-hou. Akā, i kēia mau ano, ua nui loa no ka mea kākau. Ka mea, e hōʻike mai iā ia i loko o ka puke "makuahine" like hoʻi me ka meʻe o kona autobiographical trilogy. Nā noho o ka doss hale, hiki ole ke hana i kekahi mea, e pau ana i ka puni aku o ka lanakila, koe ka lokoino. Ua alakai aku ia lakou i ka ia "lalo". Lākou inaina huli ku e ia lakou. Aole i kona kū'ē i ke kālepa, "mua kanaka".