Golden alii o Rusia: Kostroma. Ke kulanakauhale o ka Golden alii o Rusia

Golden alii o Rusia, he iwakālua kahiko Lūkini kulanakauhale, a i aia ma ke kikowaena hapa o ka aina, ma ka akau-hikina o Moscow.

I na kulanakauhale i komo i loko o ke Gula alii?

Ke kulanakauhale o ka Golden alii o Rusia i Moscow a me Ivanovo, Vladimir a me Yaroslavl, Kostroma a me Tver wahi. Akā, i ka mea nui o ia ua manaoia e ia, ewalu noho. 'Ē aʻe, he kumu no ka kūkākūkā o ka poe akamai i. I ka mea kākau o ka hōʻike "Golden alii o Rusia" lilo i ka mea kākau moʻolelo Yuri Bychkov, ka mea i loko o ka makahiki 1967 i hana i ka moʻo o ka pepa (essay) ma lalo o ka inoa o ka Nupepa "Soviet Rusia".

Kēia mau kūlanakauhale he kama io oe, e hana i ke komo lima, a kahaha ko oukou naau ma kona mōʻaukala, a me nā hana moʻomeheu kia hoʻomanaʻo i, a i ole analogues anywhere i loko o ke ao nei kela mea keia mea o lakou.

Kēlā me kēia aupuni paʻa i na hoailona o ka wa kahiko, ka mea i loko o mākou nui Rusia. 'O kēia ke kūlanakauhale i ola i loko o ka wā kahiko, a nō i ole nalowale lākouʻono. Oe ke heluhelu i ka hailona, noonoo i ka Hawaii photo, akā, e aho e hele ma ka hele ana, e hōʻike mai i ke Gula alii o Rusia. Kauai ma keia ala hele i kēia manawa i loaʻa i ka a pau.

Kekahi kanaka i loko o ka pūʻulu classifies kulanakauhale Moscow, kekahi manaoio i kekahi mau mea kiko'î ka mea aole e pono i kēia ho'ākāka 'ana. ʻAʻole mākou e hoʻopaʻapaʻa wale no ia. Ko makou hana - e hoʻolauna iā 'oe (a ma ka liʻiliʻi loa pokole) me ka mea kahiko Lūkini kulanakauhale. A no ia mea i kēia aahu nani ke komo lima? I ka papa, e nana me keia:

• Suzdal.
• Kostroma.
• Rostov.
• Sergiev Posad.
• Yaroslavl.
• Vladimir.
• Pereslavl.
• Ivanovo.

Kēiaʻewalu-ike "gula" o na kulanakauhale nui o Rusia. Kaawale mai ia malaila i koe o kona kulana he mau mea e ole loa pono i loko o kēia ho'ākāka 'ana. Akā, i kekahi hiki i noonoo ai i na mea he nui kupaianaha masterpieces o Lūkini mōʻaukala a me ka moʻomeheu.

Golden alii o Rusia. Moscow

E kala mai i ko kakou poe akamai, akā, ua hoʻoholo ihola e hoʻouka hou aku au i kēia papa inoa o ko mākou kahiko kulanakauhale alii.

Moscow ua ma waena o ka Volga, a me ka Oka ke aupuni '. Ke kūlanakauhale uhi ka wahi o ka 1081 km². 'O kēia ka mea nui loa amo Hub o ka aina. I ke poʻo, i ka ulu ana o na mea he nui ana i kālā o ka lehulehu amo, a me ka Metro.

Ke kahiko loa o ke kulanakauhale alii mai ka hoʻopoepoeʻia. Ka Mokuna kāna mau 'ōlelo no ka mea, o ka Ensemble o ka Moscow Kremlin, a me Red Square. 'O kēia ka loa nani wahi o ke kulanakauhale, o ka oi aku, mai ke alahou ana puka.

Mākou kapikala koe i kekahi ou wahi lihi iki o priceless mōʻaukala a me ka moʻomeheu kia hoʻomanaʻo i, a i hoomaluia e ka moku'āina. No laila, ke kapikala pono o ia ho i Rusia ka Golden alii. Moscow i loli, ua lilo ia i kumu nuiʻEulopa metropolis, akā, ma laila loaʻa nā wahi e e ia inimitable, ma ke akahele malamaia aloha i kela Lūkini kia hoʻomanaʻo i o ko mākou moʻolelo nui.

Kostroma

Mākou e hoʻomau e makaikai i ke kulanakauhale, a e i ke Gula alii o Rusia.

Kostroma - maikai Lūkini kulanakauhale. Yury Dolgoruky hoʻokumu ia. Mua o Kostroma, Tver i oleloia ma kaʻoihana i loko o 1213. Ma ka waena o ka XIII kenekulia, kēia kūlanakauhale i ka piko o ka kuokoa na'lii i loko, a ma ka hope o ka XIV kenekulia. ka mea, lilo kekahi hapa o ka Moscow na'lii. Ma ka XV kenekulia, i na hoopai ana Kostroma i kaua lehulehu o ka Tatars.

Ma ka XVI-XVII kenekulia i hoʻomaka koke ka ulu 'akamai: blacksmithing, ili, i ke kala, acee? Iuo oeiia o ka lole akamai, pena a me ka kuhikuhipuʻuone. I ka 1751 m +-ma Kostroma olona manufactory mua ikea.

hoi na mea makau o ke kulanakauhale

Kostroma mea he nui helu o Haliʻaaʻela ka manaʻoo mākou wahi. No kā lākou like, e lawe i ka lōʻihi manawa. Hoomaluia ma ka moku'āina, he nui o ke kulanakauhale hoi na mea makau. Kostroma ua hooku iho la ia a me ia mau mea, i mea ma lalo o ka malu o UNESCO. I kēia mau lā mākou e haʻi aku 'oe e pili ana i kekahi mau no ia.

Church o ke alahou ana i loko o ka Grove

Ka hua'ōlelo "Debra" mea ulu me ka impenetrable pouli laau wahi. E like me ka mea extant kaao, i kekahi manawa, ua pono ia i ka ulu lāʻau. A laila, i nā aliʻi makemake e imi.

A nui na makana i ka hale o keia ekalesia i waiwai kalepa Kirill Isakov. He ka wale i koena pasad luakini, i ka loa haʻaheo o ke kulanakauhale o Kostroma. Kona ekoluʻaoʻao i hoʻonaniʻia ona mau hale malumalu me Dome a me nā halelewa. Kalaiaina o ka luakini mea i ka malamaia pena VI Zapokrovskogo - Kostroma kaulana pena.

Kia i Ivan Susanin

Me keia nani Lūkini kulanakauhale ia mea hiki ole e hoi i noonoo ai i ke Gula alii o Rusia. Kostroma malama i ka hoomanao ana o ko lākou aupuni meʻe.

Ivan Susanin hoonani mai la ia aina i loko o 1613 ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ka Polish paukū i ka secluded nahele piholo maila, hiki e hoola i ke ola o Tsar Michael, mua o ka Romanov aliʻi. Kona mama Ua immortalized ma ka pohaku kia hoʻomanaʻo i, i keia la ku nei ma ke kikowaena alanui o ke kulanakauhale.

Ipatiev hoailona

Ekalesia a me cathedrals i ike no na mea he nui o ke kulanakauhale ia i komo i loko o ke Gula alii o Rusia. Kostroma mea i koe. Ipatiev hoailona kukulu i ka 1330, ka mea i kukulu i Tatar luna Chet. Here Ua kanu Ivan Susanin.

A hiki i ka manawa lā ma luna o ka mokuna o ka hoailona i ua malamaia mōʻaukala hale: o ka Hale o ka Romanovs, ka nani bele hale kiai, i i kūkuluʻia ma luna o ke kālā Godunov, Trinity Hale Pule Nui. Loko o nā paia o ka hoailona i kēia lā ua ke aupuni 'o Kostroma Museum.

Anastasiin hoailona

I kēia lā,ʻaʻole wale nō mākou compatriots, akā, i haole na hoaai këia i ke Gula alii o Rusia. Kostroma mau ikaika hookipa ana a pau e makemake no ka ike a me kona mōʻaukala. Mawaena o ka papa kuhikuhiE Hawaii o Kostroma nō kāu ho'āʻo Anastasiin hoailona.

Once ka mea, ua nui na la ekolu hookaawale hoailona: Hemolele kea, Epiphany kane a me ka wahine Anastasiinsky. Male (Epiphany) hoailona Ua hoʻokumuʻia ka mua Nikita, ka mea i manao he haumana ia o St. Seregio. I ka 1847, ma hope o ke ahi nui, ka mea i hoopau ia, a laila 'o ia i ka Uhane kea (wahine) hoailona.

Anastasiin hoailona Ua hoʻokumu i loko o XV kenekulia. Kona hoʻokumu i ka mua wahine o Ivan Groznogo Anastasiya Romanovna. I ka 1764, o ka hoailona ia i hoopau, a hoʻoneʻe i nā Nuna a hiki i Hemolele Keʻa. I kēia lā i ke kūlanakauhale o Kostroma Ua loaʻa hou a me ka hana Anastasiin hoailona.

Suzdal

Mākou i haawi aku ai ia oe Suzdal. Golden alii o Rusia mea hiki ole ke manao wale me kēia kūlanakauhale mua. Ke Kremlin mea ma laila, mai ka umi o ka kenekulia. Ua Ua Aia ma luna o ka Kamenka River. Ua Ua ike okoa mai kahiko kūlanakauhale'ē aʻe la i ka malamaia ipu auwai a me ramparts. Ke Kremlin o Archbishop o ke Keena, Hale Pule Nui o ka hānauʻana o ka Virgin, St. Rotehama Church.

Hale Pule Nui o ka hānauʻana o ka Virgin kū ma luna o ke kahua o ka luakini, i i kukuluia i ka manawa o Vladimir Monomakh. Kona haʻahaʻa, a ua malamaia mai ka XIII kenekulia, ua hoʻonaniʻia me ke olonā i ke kalai ana i. i hoʻonaniʻia nā facades me kaʻano o nā kiʻi. He nuiʻo ia kona kaulana hoailona Suzdal. Golden alii o Rusia, kekahi iauaeoia oo? Ecia e aʻo mai ia kulanakauhale kahiko e hoomaka ana.

Ma ka XIV kenekulia ma Suzdal kūkuluʻia no ka palekana i ka enemi pakaua, i i hoohuliiaʻi ma hope i ka hoailona Spaso-Efimov. A puni ka mea ia manawa, kūkuluʻia a me Pokrovsky hoailona, a mau kenekulia ma hope makemake e he wahi o ka lawe i na wahine a me nā wāhine aliʻi ka makaia o boyars '. I ia mau lā, ka mea, ua ka nui i loko o Rusia.

Ka uwa o ka Kelemānia crusaders, ka mea kaulana Alexander Nevsky, hoʻokumu i ka Alexander hoailona ma luna o ka muliwai Kamenka. Mua 'aneʻi i kūkulu Rizopolozhensky hoailona. An Enduring a Ewa, ioauoa ma Suzdal i na wahi a pau. No ka laʻana, Basil Suzdal hoailona huli i Kristiano.

Vladimir

Ma keia kulanakauhale loa pono e hele i ka poe a pau i Pilikanaka ke Gula alii o Rusia. ua Vladimir ke kapikala o North-West Rusia, a i ka 'ōlelo o ka wā e hiki mai ana o Rusia.

Ma ke kūlanakauhale he nui nui o ka loa waiwai kia hoʻomanaʻo i. No ka laʻana, Golden Trail nō ma lalo o UNESCO hoomalu. Ka mea, i kūkuluʻia i loko o ka XII kenekulia, ma ka XVII-XVIII kenekulia. ka mea, hoʻomākaukau. Ma ka pā a pau,ʻehiku puka puka, akā, no ka ua e holo hoʻokahi wale - i ka nui. Initially ka mea, i kapa komo iā ia kuina na papakaukau, ke keleawe. Ikaika loa, me ka ike ua kūponoʻia huliāmahi kēia, a me ka halepule uuku ma ka luna. Ka mea, e noho ana i loko o ka papa e komo ai o ka luna Vladimir.

'Aʻole i make hewa ke kulanakauhale ua komo iloko o ke Gula alii o Rusia. Vladimir makemake kela kanaka keia kanaka me ka Hale Pule Nui o kona keʻokeʻo-pohaku. I ka elima-na¯ haʻawina mea mahuʻi Hale Pule Nui mālama frescoes Andreya Rubleva a me Daniil Cherny, i i kākau 'ia ma 1408. I ka pau ana o ka XII kenekulia ka mea i kūkuluʻia Demeterio na¯ haʻawina Hale Pule Nui, a ua ikeia no kona ka eha i ke kalakalaiʻana ma luna o nā facades. i kēia mau mea i hoomaluia ma UNESCO.

Ma ka pau ana o ka XVIII kenekulia i loko o ke kūlanakauhale he mau Church o ka mea mahuʻi o ke Virgin, St. Nikita, Nikolaya Chudotvortsa a me na mea e ae. Vladimir i koe o ka hale o ke alii kiaaina ana o ka o ka XVII kenekulia. Ano, eia no ka Center no Nice Arts.

Pereslavl

I ka wā kahiko, ka muliwai ua ma Trubezh Pereslavl. I ka hoomaka Lūkini explorers e hoʻomōhala i ka ?? eoi? I loko o ka wahi o ka Volga River, he mea i kekahi kūlanakauhale a me ka ia inoa. Akā, no ka mea, Ua kūkuluʻia ma luna o impassable, ulu me ka anuanu nahele'āina, kahi a lakou i noho vyatichi laila i loaa, a me ka lua o ka hapa o ka inoa - Zaleski. Mea i hoʻokumu i o ke kulanakauhale, ua noʻonoʻo Yuriya Dolgorukogo.

I ka 1152, hoomaka ae la i ke kulanakauhale, e kūkulu i ka Hale Pule Nui o ka hoopahaohaoia'na (o ka pohaku). Hoʻopau? Ieoaeunoai Andrew Bogolyubskii - keiki a Grand Duke. Kremlin laau pali haahaa ola. A oi aku mamua o ewalu kenekulia ma hope o ia i ka hau-keʻokeʻo luakini, kekahi o ka mea kahiko kia hoʻomanaʻo i o kahiko Rusia. Makemake a pau malihini i ke kulanakauhale e hana ana i kona nani a me ka hemoleleʻano.

Keia Hale Pule Nui alanui i manaoio o ko mākou'āina no hoi no ka mea, malaila Sergiy Radonezhsky i hooliloia i ka mea e kaao. Ka luakini ola makou mahope o ka paakiki manawa o ka Tatar a me Lituania kaua meaʻino a Time o ka pilikia.

Rostov Veliky

Ua noa ke ike no lakou iho i ke Gula alii o Rusia. Kauai o keia kupaianaha hele ana e kuai lilo aku Aneane pau ka hele ana ma lalo nei ma ka Russian Hui. I ko makou manao, he pono e hele ma luna o ia i ka hele ana mai Moscow. I kēia mau lā uku ho'ēmi mākaʻikaʻi ma 53 ka hele ana ma luna o ua kulanakauhale la kaʻa 'ohua Golden apo hookahi. Kēia mea he manawa nui e pana aku au i ka hopena pule i loko o nā wahi kahiko. Oe ke hele, a nunui-lā kaapuni kana.

Ua pono, mākou e hele aku i Rostov, i ua aia i loko o ka Yaroslavl māhele 'āina. Ma "moʻolelo o Bygone makahiki", kekahi o ka mea kahiko Lūkiniʻoihana, kēia kūlanakauhale i ka moolelo e pili ana i ka makahiki 862. Ua mai nei i ke kulanakauhale nona ka Rurik.

Mau loea, hui pu iho la na kulanakauhale kahiko i loko o ka kikowaena hapa o ka aina i loko o ke Gula alii o Rusia. Rostov, ma ko lakou manao, o ka "apo" i loko o laila. Na ipo he nui o ke kahiko ikeia kuhikuhipuʻuone kia hoʻomanaʻo i o keia kulanakauhale mea. o ka mua, o ka papa, i ka kaulana Rostov Kremlin me kona Archbishop ka ke Keena, he belfry, i mea kaulana no kona he umikumamakolu Dome o kekahi mau paona. No ka oi ma mua o ekolu kenekulia, lohe kanaka i ke kani ana o ka bele.

Rostov Kremlin

Ua Ua Aia i loko o ka naʻau o ke kulanakauhale. Ka Kremlin Ua kukulu ia i ka 1683 ma lalo o Kauhalenui Jonah Sysoevich, a lilo iho la ia i kona noho ana. Oiai ke au o ia hale, ua pau. Once ka noho i laila 'o ia i Yaroslavl, ka Kremlin lilo kona mea nui, a amo. Ma ka XIX kenekulia ka kūloko poe kuai hoala kālā, a hoihoi hou ia luakini.

No ka a pau ka poe i hoihoi i loko o Golden alii o Rusia, a me kona hana Hawaii ka oi loa nui.

Ma Rostov Kremlin na kuhikuhipuʻuone kia hoʻomanaʻo i, akā, i ka loa nui o kēia mau mea i ka Hale Pule Nui o ka mea mahuʻi. He mea mea i like loa me ka eponymous Moscow Hale Pule Nui o ka mea mahuʻi. He He monumental elima-na¯ haʻawina hale. Kona kiʻekiʻe (me ka laau kea maluna ona) - 60 m + It ua i ka pōhaku lepo, a me ka chap -. I ke keʻokeʻo pohaku. Ka hale ua wehewehe aku ma ka lehulehu Nani Loa oihana mua: arkaturno-columnar ciia, papamoe kookoo, .. Paneling, etc. a pau o kēia i hāʻawi mai i ke ano o ka luakini hana expressivity, kumupaʻa a me ka maikai o keia la.

Ivanovo

Ma mua o ke kipi o 1917 i ke kulanakauhale, i kapaia o Ivanovo-Voznesensky. Aia He nō hana ulana nā hale hana, i i kūkuluʻia i loko o ka umikumamaiwa kenekulia. Ivanovo-Voznesensk weavers i kaulana no lākou hoʻokahuli aupuni naʻau i loko. Nolaila, he nui na kia hoʻomanaʻo i hoʻolaʻa ai i keia manawa.

Ponoʻole ho Ivanovo Gula alii o Rusia. Ke kulanakauhale he nui kona mau kahiko hale o ka hale. Ma kona mōʻaukala kikowaena malaila i kalepa hale o ka XIX kenekulia. Ke nui ka waiwai o ka iauaeoia oo? Ecia ke kumu Schudrovskaya halelewa i kūkuluʻia i loko o ka XVII kenekulia, e like me Vvedensky hoailona, i nā lā, mai ka hoomaka ana mai o ka XX kenekulia.