Haku mele Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin: Kawaihae, i ka maikai i na hana a me ka hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo

Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin - he kaulana Lūkini haku mele, nona Verses he nui mahalo i ka mālama '-hoʻokahuli aupuni makahiki, a i ka Soviet'āina. He ola i ka lōʻihi o ke ola, i ke bulk o i mea laa i ka palapala, ai 'hana. Kawaihae Spiridona Dmitrievicha Drozhzhina ua hoʻoʻuluʻulu manaʻo i loko o kēia 'atikala.

Me Kinohi, makahiki o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana

He Ua hānauʻia ma December 6, 1848 ma ka aina o Tver (kauhale Nizovka). Kēia māhele 'āina He loa leʻaleʻa o Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin. Kona aina hanau, mele ma na mea he nui o kana mau hana. Nizovka kauhale hope i loko o nā makahiki e hiki mai ana, e lilo i kumu o ka ulu no ka haku mele. Ua ua laʻa, ma ka nui, me kona kaulana poem "'āina" Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin.

Nā mākua o ka haku mele, he mau serfs. Spyridon D. loaa na kumu o ke o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana mai o kona kupunakane, Drozhzhina Stepan Stepanovich, ka mea i aʻo mai iā ia, e heluhelu i ka'ōlelo Hawaiʻi, a, o ka papa, i ka buke o Nā hola.

I ka makahiki 1858, ua hoounaia mai Spiridon i ke kula i ka kūloko E. Eia ka wā e hiki mai haku mele? Anoee no elua makahiki, a numeracy. hoomanao Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin me ka mahalo i kēia mau lā. Ka mea, a pau kona poem o 1905 "I ke kula i ka E." Ma keia aʻo Spyridon Dmitrievich i pau - hooilo 1860 hele aku ai i St. Petersburg i ka wā e hiki mai haku mele i ka hana.

Auwana a puni o ka aina, naʻu

O kekahi 36 makahiki o kona ola ana ia ma ka eha hele a puni ka aina. Spyridon D. hoʻololi hana. He ua he tavern kauwa, Hope puuku, Kakauolelo ma ka kūʻai puke poʻokela a me ka paka pōʻeleʻele loa, i ke kuai, he elele, he lackey, he paahana, Agena Steamship Company "mokulele", i hilinaʻi ai i ka haawi ana i ka wahie no ka Railroad. Hoʻopaʻi kiola i ka haku mele i loko o Tver a me Moscow, Kharkov a me Yaroslavl, Tashkent a me Kiev.

I ka loiloi mua makahiki o ka eha, St. Petersburg, (1860-1871 GG.) - ka manawa ia i wale i ka hapa-starved poino ola ana, akā, i hana i loko o ka hoʻoponopono Drozhzhina. Na makahiki mua eha, ua lilo ia ma ke poʻo,ʻo ia hana i loko o ka Hawaii "Kavkaz" nā kiʻie hōʻikeʻike. I keia manawa, Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin eagerly, naʻe unsystematically, heluhelu i ka moʻokalaleo, pinepine o ka poe ilihune e like ai :. Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo puke e like me "Ka Heluhelu no na koa" a me ka "Mirʻelele" nike Popular novels, etc. Akā, ma hope o kekahi iā Spiridon D. ike lea me nā hana o JS Nikitin od Koltsov a me NA Nekrasov. He heluhelu excitedly ka Magazine "hunaahi". Spyridon D. mai 1866, hoomaka ae la ka Public Library e mau kipa.

Iho waihona a me ka mea mua poem

Ma kona ideological a me ka aesthetic kohoʻia a me ka noʻeau ho'āʻo iho au i ka maikaʻi hopena Drozhzhina mau makamaka, me ke kapikala o nā haumāna a me ka poeikohoia o ka kekahi mau kaua a kemokalaka Kamaliʻi. Ke ole ia i loko o ke kapa a me ka ai, Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin ohi i kona hale waihona puke. Ua nā hana ma kona mau punahele moʻolelo:. M. Yu Lermontovym a me A. S. Pushkinym, Koltsov a me Nikitin, P.-J. Beranger a me Heine, G. I. Uspenskim a me Tolstoy, N. P. Ogarevym a me Schiller listen AL. Drozhzhin ua hoi hoihoi ma "i papaia" moʻokalaleo. I kona makahiki 17, oia i hanaʻi i kona poem mua. Mai ia manawa, Spiridon Drozhzhin i papani ai hoi i kākau poem. Ka mua komo i loko o kona diary ikea May 10, 1867. He alakai aku la ia ia a hiki i ka pauʻana o ke ola.

Ka mua puke

Ma ka makahiki 1870 i ka mua hoao e pili Drozhzhina hoolaha aku kā lākou mau hana. Hoouna ae la oia i ka luna 5, ma kona manao, i ka Verses ma "kahakiʻi Newspaper", akā, ua hoʻowahāwahā lākou. I ka makahiki 1873 i ka lōʻihi-kakali palapala, ai 'Debut o ka haku mele. Ka mea, ua Drozhzhina poem "Song o ka mauna hoa maikaʻi," laila i paʻiʻia ma ka "palapala" Magazine. Mai ia manawa, hoomaka Spiridon D. e 'Imi kala aku i loko o ka likeʻole ma o Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo puke ( "Lūkini waiwai", "Family Nights", "Business", "Logou", a me na mea e ae.), E like me ka pono me ka poe keiki o ka Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo puke ( "Young Rusia", "Skylark", " keiki i ka heluhelu ana, "" wa kamalii "a me kekahi poe e ae.).

Fame, Ohana

Drozhzhina kaulana like me ka haku mele i ka hope o 1870 - 1880-ies. Ua ulu hikiwawe loa. IZ Surikov Ua hoikeia hoihoi i loko o ka opiopio mea kākau ka hoʻoponopono-ao mai la. Kēia Ua e hoikeike ai ma kā lākou palapala e pili ana i ka 1879.

Ma St. Petersburg, i ka mua ohi iʻikeʻia i loko o 1889, SD Drozhzhina ( "poem 1866-1888 GG. Me memo o ka mea kākau o koʻu ola"). I ka 1894 a me ka 1907, i kēia puke i reissued kēlā me kēia manawa nunui hooakeaia. Aka hoi, o ka haku mele hoʻomau i ka noho ma kaʻilihune. I ka hoʻomaka o ka 1886 Drozhzhin eia hoi aku la i kona hanau kauhale Nizovka. Here ia i hoolilo ia ia iho i ka loa moʻokalaleo, e like me mahiʻai hana. L. N. Tolstoy kokuaia oia i ka olelo hooholo, a lawe Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin. 'āina,ʻo ia manaoio, hiki ka hoihoi o ka haku mele i ka hou e piʻi like.

Halawai ana me Leo Tolstoy a me R. M. Rilke

Drozhzhin halawai mai la me Lvom Nikolaevichem palua, i ka 1892 a me ka 1897. Ka haku mele i loko o ka kauhale makai loaʻa malu hoʻomakākiu, a i ole e hiki ia ia e hana. Ke kiʻekiʻe o lilo nui a me ka poe hanohano haku mele Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin. Kona Kawaihae ua hoailono aku la kekahi hanana nui i ka 1900: R. hiki ma Nizovka Rilke, ka nui'Aukekulia haku mele. He unuhi Kelemānia poem Spyridon 4 Dmitrievich.

New buke, hana o kālā kulana home 'ole

Kekahi ma hope o kekahi ma o kaʻumi makahiki mua o ka 20th kenekulia e hele mai i ka i kēia mau buke Drozhzhina: i 1904 - "New poem" i 1906 - "ke kua'āina Year" i 1907 - "waiwai Songs" i 1909 - "New Russian Song" a me ka "moʻolelo" . E kahalina "kākau o na kanaka" ma December 1903 ua hoopau i ke ahiahi ma Moscow, hoʻolaʻa i ke kanakolu lā hoʻomanaʻo o makakū ha awina Drozhzhina. I ka hookahi makahiki o kona hoomau (180 rubles i ka makahiki, no ka ke ola) i kohoia.

I ka 1904, ua palapala mai i kona kaulana poem "'āina" Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin. Ka mea kākau mea mau i ka hana aloha no i ka aina, kahi āna i hānauʻia ai. 'O kēia ka mea o na mea he nui o kana mau hana.

I ka 1905, ua lilo iho la i kekahi lala Drozhzhin i hoʻonohonoho 'ia ma ke Kulanui o Moscow Society o Tricks o Russian me Moʻolelo. A ma ka 1910, December 29, ua lanakila 'o ka Russian Academy o Sciences. Kona nui, he 500 rubles. Ua Ua hookoia no ka hoiliili ole Drozhzhinov 1907-09. Okatoba 19, 1915, kekahi puke Spyridon Dmitrievich, "Songs o ke kahiko plowman" (paʻiʻia i ka 1913), i hookoia e ka Academy o Sciences. Drozhzhin Ua hookoia ka "Pushkin" nāʻana.

I ka hoohewaia ana o ka kaua imperialist a me ke kākoʻo o ka OkatobaʻOiʻenehana

E noho nei i loko o ke kauhale, Spyridon D. mālama Track o ka nui hanana ma ke ola o ka lehulehu. He lilo kekahi o na mau Lūkini mea kākau, ka mea ikaika hoohewaia ka kaua imperialist. I ka 1916, ua Drozhzhina poem "Down me ka kaua!". ʻO kona koko hanana i ka 1914 i kapaia "He kea laa, no ka lohi loa barbarism" i loko o kona diary Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin.

Kona Kawaihae paha ma ka hookamaia o ka OkatobaʻOiʻenehana, i mea 69-makahiki-kahiko haku mele i halawai me ka olioli. He hoomaka koke e komo i loko o ke kaiaulu hana. Drozhzhin ua he lâlâ o ka hooko Komite o ka township, la e hele ana ma ka aina, i nā poʻe heluhelu i kana mau hana. Haku mele i ka 1919 lilo Luna hoomalu o ka mea kākau 'Ahaolelo Lahui-proletarians ma ka Tver mokuna. Spiridona Dmitrievicha Drozhzhina poem hoomau ia e paʻiʻia ma ka puka.

"Songs o ka hana a me ka paio"

I ka 1923, uaʻikeʻia kona ohi me ke kuleana "Songs o ka hana a me ka paio." He koke ia na anniversaries elua o ka haku mele - ka 75th lā hoʻomanaʻo o kona hānauʻana a me ka 50th lā hoʻomanaʻo o makakū haʻawina. Ma ka wā o kēia mau lā Spyridon D. Ua koho ka honorary lala o ka laila Russian Union o ka haku mele. Eia hou, i ka olua hale waihona puke inoa Drozhzhina ikea ma Tver. Ma hope o 5 makahiki, ma ka mea o ka 80th lā hoʻomanaʻo, Spyridon D. loaa na hoohiwahiwa o ka USSR Academy o Sciences. Ua Ua kakauinoaia e A. P. Karpinskim, kona pelekikena.

Ka hope makahiki o kona ola

Drozhzhin September 28, 1928, halawai mai me Maxim Gorky ma Moscow. I na makahiki hope o kona ola Spyridon D. hana ma ka i kēia compilations: "Songs" (paʻiʻia i ka 1928), "Way-ala" a me ka "kua'āina Songs" (nā - 1929). ka hope haku mele ka puke paʻiʻia i loko o kona wa e ola ana "Songs o ke kua'āina," he. Hoomakaukau no hoi Drozhzhin no ka pai ana i ka eha-ka leo "pono'ī Hana Hou." Eia hou kekahi, lawe maiʻo ia "Notes ma ke ola a me ka poetry" a hiki i 1930.

Ka haku mele i make i loko o kona mau kanaka maoli Nizovka i ka makahiki o ka 82. Ua manao ke Kawaihae Spiridona Dmitrievicha Drozhzhina. Pokole hai manawa e pili ana i kona makakū hooilina.

Nā hiʻona a me ka waiwai i hanaia Drozhzhina

Ka lepo a me ka hale, kahi a ka haku mele noho no ka hapanui o kona ola ana, i ka 1938, i hoololiia ma ke kauhale o Zavidovo (Kalinin māhele 'āina). Aia ka he mea hoʻomanaʻo iau o ka haku mele, a me ka poe nui hoi admirers o kona talena hiki mai i kēia lā.

Makakū ala Spyridon Dmitrievich ua loa lōʻihi, oi ma mua o 60 makahiki. He ua i incredibly uku. Drozhzhin hoopukaia i kona wa e ola ohi o ka 32, 20 o ka a - a hiki i 1917. It E e hoʻomaopopo i ka Verses Spiridona Dmitrievicha Drozhzhina ano laulā, artistically haoʻa. Eia naʻe i loaʻa ke akamai a me ka palapala talena ma ka maikaʻi loa o ka hoʻoilina o keia haku ai. Ma ka hana Drozhzhina aoao o ka haku mele i Nekrasov, Koltsov a me Nikitin. Ma kekahi mau o kana mau hana, no a hiki i ka makahiki 80-90-la, Keia poetry Nadsona S. Ya manao pono, oiaio, spontaneity, me ka manaʻo maikaʻi a me ka pono io -, i kēia mau mea i ka ano e ia poem Spiridona Dmitrievicha Drozhzhina. Ua hiki ke kapaʻia he mea hoolea o ke kua'āina ola. I mea pehea ia i ho'ākāka 'ia i ka pā o kona mau' ami a me nāʻanuʻu mua i loko o ka moʻokalaleo ( "kaʻu kukakuka iho", 1875).

A helu o na hana o ka haku mele i loko o ka loina ( "Songs o na hana", "Song o ke koa"). He nui o kona mau poem i kau aku i ka mele ma i ka haku mele e like me V. Ziering, Evseev, A. Cherniavsky, N. Potolovsky, Lashek F. listen AL. F. I. Shalyapin hana nā meleʻelua ma luna o poem o ka haku mele like Drozhzhin Spiridon Dmitrievich .

Kawaihae no nā mākua a me nā keiki i mai i loko o keia 'atikala haawi wale i ka superficial pau loa o kana hana. He aho ke olelo pololei i na poem, e maopopo i keʻano a me ka hiʻona o ka poetry Spyridon Dmitrievich.