Hanu - keia mea i ke kaʻina hana o ke ola

Hanu - mea he luna 'multistage physiological kaʻinaʻano nui oia ma ke omo o ka o oxygen, mai ka papa no kona mahope komo i loko o redox reactions.

Eia naʻe, ia mea hoʻomaopop 'ana iʻaʻole wale nō i loko o na holoholona ma luna, akā, no nā mea a pau aerobic meaola, me unicellular, a nolaila, ua hiki olelo aku i keia mea i ka papa kuhikuhi hana no ka hana kiʻekiʻe-ikehu i huiʻia. I hanaʻia i loko o ka hanu kaʻina ikehu ua lukuʻia e pono ai oi aku ka nui o ka meaola. About 20% o ka oxygen ma ka lukuʻia i ka lolo, no ka mea, e lawe mai kiʻekiʻe-mämä holo lāʻau ikiʻai wale kana a he wahi lihi iki o substrates. A kanaka hanu ia lŘlŘ i loko o nā nui kūlana: mawaho hanu (i kēia kaʻina hana o ke kinoea launa like ma waena o nā paia o nā alveoli a me pulmonary capillaries) a me ka na - hou amo ana o oxygen, e pau na keena a me nā'aʻaʻa.

Ha ma ke kelepona hele kiʻekiʻe

Naʻe, ka mea mua o ka hopena o nā loko a me nā'aʻaʻa, akā, ke kelepona hele ka hanu nā - kēia kaʻina hana ma nā pae hakakino a me ka'ātoma i ua koi 'ia o oxygen no ka huina'ine amo lei me ka hoʻopau o ka hopena maikaʻi malama o O2 a me ka wai, a hana i kekahi kiʻekiʻe-ikehu i huiʻia. Nō hoʻi, no ka mea ana pele o kēia mau reactions āpono hana kūikawā nā polokina, a proton mau pou. Ha kiekie meaola a me ka hanu nā keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ke kino, ana i ka micrometer, i me ka nui loa okoa. Penei, koʻohune oko ma ka 3 ke ano o ka pili a hiki i ka oxygen. Ke kanana 'aerobes hakakino oxygen ma ua loaa pololei: he pili hoʻohana oxygen ma (i carbon dioxide, luaipele'okesaside a me ka'ōlelo.), Hakakino ia no ia ona. Huiʻano o ka ha ana ma facultative koʻohune komo ai i ka hoʻohana 'ana i nā nakinakiia, a me ka hakakino oxygen ma ke kaumaha ma muli ana.

Maomeka o kanaka ka hanu

Penei, mawaho ka hanu nā - he kaʻina hana i ua laweia aku la oia e ka 'ole o ka Hawaiian Airlines a me na nāʻiʻo o ka thorax a me ka diaphragm, ma i ka puʻe i loko o nā maʻiʻaʻai paka ua, ke kinoea i neʻe maloko. Exhalation - aʻe kaʻina hana ma i ka lewa (ʻano nui ke kalapona'okikene lua) kŰlń ao nae ko waho. Maʻamau ka airway kinoea pele ka laminar, a laila ia laua a hiki i na paia o ka bronchi, a ma ka hopena o nā pilikia (obturation haole e hoopii mai ai, hoʻomāhuahua o mucus) i māpuna eddies. Ke koko o oxygen saturation ia lŘlŘ i loko o nā maʻiʻaʻai, i kau ai ia oxygenated hoololiia ma na capillaries hele ana i loko o nui na moku a me ultimately komo ai i ka naau. Mai laila aku ka mea hele ma ka aorta, a komo i ka systemic holo.

pathology

He mea pono eʻike ma waena o hanu a me ka hoʻokomo ea. Lua - keia mea i ke kaʻina hana o ka hoemi i ka intercostal nāʻiʻo a me ka hohonu pahu e hoʻololi i kona nui, ea kahe ana o ka trachea a me ka bronchi i na alveoli. I huli ai oe, o ka hanu - kēia kaʻina mea ole emiʻeleu, akā, ka mea, o ke kinoea e loaa hou mai ma ka alveolar-capillaryʻilikai. Ke kumu no ilihune hoʻokomo ea i e mai, me ka ÷ naehana hanu'āpana lesions, umauma deformation, iaʻi a kapu (emphysema, asthma, bronchitis), systemic scleroderma. Nunui pulmonary hoʻokomo ea paha e ukuia i pathological ana: maʻiʻaʻai, ka pharmacological hana o ai ', overexcitation ana, kiʻekiʻe physical exertion.