Glial keena. Oihana a me nā hiʻona o glial keena

ʻO ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana ninoieo ole wale o ko neurons a me kā lākou mau keʻano o ka hanaʻana. 40% ua poe e glial keena, a hula kūlana nui i loko o kona ola ana. Ka mea, literally kaupalena i ka lolo a me ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana mai ke koena o ke kino fluids, a hōʻoia 'kona hana nona iho ana, i ka mea maoli nui i kānaka a me nā holoholona a me Central ko mākou hopohopo kahua. A e hiki ke kaʻana mea i hana ia okoa mai neurons glial keena.

Ke mau manaʻo o ka glia

E hoʻopaʻa i ka glial aeee kapa glia. Kēia mau aeea populations, a nō i loko o ka Central ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana a me ka periphery. Ka mea kokua i ka lolo a me ka spinal kaula ke ano, e like me kaʻimi ia i ka mahuaola. Ua ua ike ia i loko o ka Central ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana aie i ka alo ana o ke koko lolo ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai, i'ōnaehana paleʻea pane. Eia naʻe, ma ka hui 'ana me ka haole antigen i loko o ka lolo a me spinal kaula, e like me ka pono me ia ma ka cerebrospinal loli glial keena, hoemiia macrophage mea likeʻike ākea nā'aʻaʻa, phagocytose ia. Eia hoʻi, ka mea, o ke kaawale ana, mai na nā'aʻaʻaʻike ākea o ka lolo e hoʻolako neuroglia.

'ōnaehana paleʻea hoomalu ana o ka lolo

I ka lolo, a i ka hailona o biochemical reactions, a pela hana i ka nui o immunogenic waiwai, pono e hoomaluia e ku e humoral e hoʻonele. He nui no ka maopopo i ka neuronal'aʻaʻa o ka lolo ka loa ikepili koʻikoʻi i ka pōʻino, ma hope a neurons i hoihoi hou wale hapa 'ia'. No laila, i keʻano o ka lewa i loko o ka Central ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana, a e kahua i ka kūloko'ōnaehana paleʻea pane, a e i ka make ana o kekahi o ka a puni keena a neurons demyelination keʻano o ka hanaʻana.

Ma ka periphery o ke kino ua poino somatic aeee e koke e piha me Puhi hana. A ma o ka lolo, e hoihoi nalowale hana o ka neuron mea hiki ole. A ia hoʻohaiki ana ka neuroglia lolo mai ka hui 'ana me ka'ōnaehana paleʻea'ōnaehana, no ka mea, a ka Central ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana - he nui helu o na antigens.

Mea Maluna o glial keena

Glial aeee i maheleia i mau hoailona ia mea, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka morphology a me ka ho omaka ana. Microglial keena pee a me macroglia. Ka muaʻano o ke keena originates mai mesodermal kuina. Ua uuku keena me ka lehulehu, keʻano o ka hanaʻana hiki ia oe phagocytose puaʻa hiwa. Macroglia - he derivative o ka ectoderm. Glial keena macroglia māheleʻia i loko o kekahi mau ano ke kaumaha ma muli o ka morphology. Līkaia ependymal a astrocytic keena a me oligodendrocytes. i kēia mau 'ano o ka halepaahao populations e māheleʻia i loko o kekahi mau ano.

Ependymal glia

Ependymal glia aeee i loaʻa i loko o kekahi mau mea o ka Central ko mākou hopohopo nenoaiu. Ka mea, nāna i hana i ka endothelial naʻau o nā ventricles o ka lolo a me ka Central spinal Canal. Kona kêia kanaka ma ka embryogenesis ka mea, lawe mai i ka ectoderm, a nolaila, ho i ka kūikawāʻano o ka neuroepithelium. He mea nunui-pona paʻa a me ka hanaʻia i ka helu o ka hana:

• pili: mea he ma paʻi ponoi ventricles, i ua i kākoʻoʻia ka hydrostatic puʻe o ka cerebrospinal loli;
• secretory Nāna e koho i lama i loko o kekahi mau Nine Inch;
• ana: hoʻokaʻawale lolo'aʻaʻa mai ka CSF.

ano ependimotsitov

I waena o ependimotsitov i kona mau manao. It ependimotsity 1st a me 2nd kānāwai a me ka tanitsity. Ka mua ka loiloi mua palapala (basal)ʻili lahilahi ependymal, ahu iho, a me ka lua o ka, ahu iho ependimotsity moe ma luna o ia mau mea. He mea nui i ka ependymal glia 1st mea komo i loko o ke kahua gematoglificheskogo ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai (ma waena o ke koko, a me ka na papa o na ventricles). Ependimotsity 2nd mea i villi aʻo i kaʻoihana i loko o ka olelo o kaʻikena CSF. Nō hoʻi ka mea, tanitsity a lakou i ka mea loaʻa keena.

Ka mea, i ke aupuni 'o ke kīloi paʻewa māhele o ka lalo o ke kolu o ka ventricle. Me ka microvilli ma kaʻaoʻao apical a me kekahi ma ka basal kaʻina, ka mea hiki ke hoʻouna i ka 'ike ma luna o ka haku mele' ana o nā neurons o CSF loli. Pela iho lama ma lehulehu uuku slit puka ependimotsitami ma waena o 1st a me 2nd mea e haule pololei i neurons. Ua paipai i ka ependyma mea he kūikawāʻano o ka epithelium. A ooieoeiiaeuiia akā,ʻaʻole morphological mea like i ka periphery o ke kino - ka endothelium o na moku koko.

oligodendrocytes

Oligodendrocytes - nāʻano o ka glial aeee i hoʻopuni mai neurons a me keʻano o ka hanaʻana. Ka mea i loaʻa i loko o ka Central ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana, e like me kahi o nā aʻaloloʻike ākea, a autonomic hui. Sami oligodendrocytes polygonal aeee i hoʻolako pono me 1-5 lala. Ka mea, ka mea hei i kekahi i kekahi, kaʻawale neurons mai ka maloko a puni, a me ka hoʻolako 'ana i nā aʻalolo conduction a me ka lāʻau ikiʻai wale hanauna. Aia i ekolu ke ano o oligodendrocytes, a oko ka morphology:

• kikowaena aeea aia a puni o ka halepaahao kino cerebral;
• Noho ihola nā kaula a puni i ke kino o ka neuron i loko o kaʻike ākea ganglia;
• Schwann aeee e uhi ana i ka neuronal outgrowth, a me kona kiʻi, ka myelin wahī.

Oligodendrotsitarnye glial aeee i loaʻa i loko o ka lolo a me ka spinal kaula, a me kaʻike ākea nä olonä. Eia hoʻi, ka mea, ua i ikea ka mea okoa, mai ka noho halepaahao waena. Ua haawiia i ke aaiaoe mea i loko o nā keena o ke kino, koe nae ke keka, ka ia, ka mea hoʻoneʻe 'ia paha i ka oligodendrocytes hiki ae e puku i kekahi i kekahi. oligodendrocyte hana like penei:

• kākoʻo;
• 'īpale;
• hoʻokaʻawale;
• trophic.

astrocytes

Astrocytes - he glial lolo aeee i e i ka lolo waiwai. Ka mea, i hoku-hoʻokino a me ka meaʻuʻuku i loko o nui, eia nae ka mea, ua oi aku microglial keena. Ma keia hihia, he elua wale ke ano o na astrocytes: fibrous a me ka protoplasmic. Ka muaʻano o ke keena aia i loko o ke keʻokeʻo, a oho mea o ka lolo, nae ka mea, ua ikaika nui ae i keʻokeʻo.

Kēia 'o ia hoʻi i ka mea, he loa, he pono ole i ka wahi kahi mea he nui ka helu o myelinated neuronal keʻano o ka hanaʻana. Protoplasmic astrocytes - ia kekahi glial aeee: loaʻa i keʻokeʻo, a oho mea o ka lolo, akā, ua nui aku i loko o ke poohina. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi i kā lākou kuleana pili i mea e i ka kākoʻo no na kino o na neurons, a me ka mall hoʻolālā o ke koko-lolo ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai.

microglia

Microglial keena - keia mea i ka hopeʻano o ka glia. Eia naʻe, ma ka Akä naÿe, e pau'ē aʻe keena o ka Central ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana, ka mea, i mesodermal kêia kanaka a ho i kekahi 'ano o ka monocytes. Lākou mau precursors i anei i ke koko keena. Aie i ka mall hiʻona o neurons a me kā lākou mau keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka'ōnaehana paleʻea pane ma ka Central ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana i kuleana e glial keena. A me kā lākou mau hana i 'ano like me ka poe o ka'aʻaʻa macrophages. Ka mea, e kuleana no ka phagocytosis a me ka antigen hōʻike a me ka 'ike ai.

Microglia he kūikawā ano o glial aeee i i ka hono o na differentiation receptors, i keʻae i kā lākou mau iwi ka lolo kumu a me ka manaʻo'ōnaehana paleʻea oihana i loko o ka CNS. Ka mea, i kekahi kuleana no ka hooulu ana o demyelinating maʻi, Alzheimer ka maʻi, a Parkinson ka maʻi pale. Naʻe, i ka halepaahao ia iho - ka mea, e like me ka aoao o ke kō o ka pathological kaʻina. No ka mea, paha, ka wā e e hiki ke loaʻa i keʻano papa hana o ka ho'ā hope o ka microglia, ua uhi pū keʻano o ka hanaʻana o kēia mau maʻi.