'ōnaehana paleʻea kahua

E wehewehe ana o na keena mua o ka'ōnaehana paleʻea'ōnaehana (1887) - phagocyte (macrophage) - no I. I. Mechnikovu. Phagocytosis (omo o kekahi'ē aʻe aeee) ia, uaʻikeʻia mai 1862. Eia naʻe Mechnikov mua manawa hookupaaia ka loulou ma waena o kēia kaʻina hana, a me ka aiiay hana, a i ka'ōnaehana paleʻea nenoaiu. E like me ia he nui noiʻi, mai ia manawa, hoomaka ae la e noho i ka hou lala o ka lapaau - immunology.

Ka'ōnaehana paleʻea nenoaiu o ke kanaka kino o ka ohi ana o anatomical hale. Kona kuleana pili i mea e hōʻoia 'hoomalu aku i ka anal o okoa infectious Luna mai lākou metabolic huahana, waiwai a me nā'aʻaʻa hāʻawi haole antigenic waiwai.

Ka'ōnaehana paleʻea nenoaiu mea hiki ke hoomaopopo i ka nui nui o pathogens - mai microbes i ka ilo, pela hanohano nō hoʻi iā lākou, mai ka liluwelo nā lātoma iho keena. Ma na hihia a pau, i ka wehewehena o ka infectious Agena ka loa paʻakikī ma kona hiki e ke hakuloli i ka ulu hou aoao o ka anal a me ka maʻiʻaʻai.

Antigens i nā lātoma i hoonaukiuki kekahi reactions. 'Aʻole pono pathogen komo i ke kino, mai waho. No ka laʻana, ma autoimmune pathologies like antigens i ke kino o ka iho keena.

Ka hope loa pahuhopu mea, e luku aku i ka aiiay 'ole nā palapala pathogen. Ka'ōnaehana paleʻea'ōnaehana ua hāʻawi mai i keʻano o nā kiʻina hana a me na mea paahana no ka ka loaʻaʻana a me ka hoʻopau o na konohiki. Kēia a pau kaʻina ua ike i "ka pane". Ka'ōnaehana paleʻea muli o ke e lilo ana paha congenital.

Lilo naoh i kekahi, mai na kiʻekiʻe specificity hoʻomaopop 'ana i naoh o ka manao o lakouʻano o ka haole Agena. Ua apono 'no ka hai hou anal o ka pathogen e hōʻike, a hoʻopau ia me ka hikiwawe e loaa.

I kekahi manawa, he kanaka i hana i ka lifelong ka palekana i ka anal o kekahi antigens, no ka laʻana, ma hope o ka moa pox, diphtheria,ʻo Waimānalo.

Mai ka anatomical wahi o Hawaii, i ka'ōnaehana paleʻea nenoaia o kekahi hakina. Loko o kekahi dispersal o ke kino, a pau o kona hale i ke kokoke pilina ma ka lymphatic a me ke koko moku. Lapaʻau nāna aiiay 'ole ua maheleia i Central a me kaʻike ākea. Aia i kekahi'ōnaehana paleʻea keena.

I ke kikowaena lymphoid nā loko aiiay 'ole nā thymus (thymus), lymphoid ho okumu i loko o ka AeXIeAaOIePEAaI, i paiiaʻi na, fetal akepaa, iwi ka lolo.

Immunocompetent aeee i manaoia i polynuclear leukocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, Langerhans aeee (keʻokeʻo ili epidermotsitov Kaʻina), a me kekahi poe e ae.

E hoʻopale ai iʻike ākea lymphoid nā loko loaʻa nā spleen, lymph aka wahi.

Ka huina nuipa a pau na keena a me nā loko e komo ai i ka'ōnaehana paleʻea'ōnaehana o ka makua mea e pili ana i kekahi kilogram.

Uaʻike ākea hale differentiation ia lŘlŘ (hanana o kaʻokoʻa ma waena o homogeneous aeee) a me ka hoʻonuiʻana o ka antigen. Ma ka Central nā loko, a ma waena o nā hale o nā oo immunocompetent keena. Ka hope (ka hapanui o ia) e mau ai hoʻolahaʻia. Penei, hapa o ka'ōnaehana paleʻea keena, mai ka vascular moe höʻike i kekahi kāleka aiiay 'ole a me ka hope. A pau eiiiiiaiou o ka aiiay eiiiiiaiou o ka 'ole i interconnected. Ke keena pāʻani aku i kekahi i kekahi, paʻa 'ana e komo i ka pilina a me ka hoʻokuʻu' cytokines a me immunoglobulins (nā mea'aʻaʻa) i loko o ke kaiapuni. Cytokines, a i hana ia e monocytes a me macrophages,ʻikeʻia me monokines, a ua hana ia e lymphocytes - lymphokines.

Pela, ke interrelationship o na hale a pau o ka'ōnaehana paleʻea'ōnaehana a me kona anao? Aou aeea lāʻau lapaʻau kino 'ano apau loa i ka luna'ʻano papa hana o ka hoʻoponopono-ka hoomalu ana.