Ka 'ole o ka'ātoma nucleus: ka mōʻaukala o a me kēia hoakaka

Ka 'ole o ka'ātoma nucleus o kekahi o na kumu pilikia o kēia' epekema. Noke ua hanaʻia i loko o kēia kahua ho okolohua e 'ā kānakaʻepekema,ʻaʻole wale nō ke kiʻekiʻe degere o ka pololei, e hooholo i kūpono ai'Ātoma, akā, i' Imi hoʻohana i kēia 'ike i loko o nā hana a me ka hana hou Ke Ana Hoʻohālike o nā mea kaua.

I ka ninau o ka 'ole o nā mea a pau ma luna o ka Honua hoihoiʻepekema mai ka pō mai. No ka laʻana, i kahiko Greece kekahi kānakaʻepekema i manaʻo i loko o kona 'ole o ka mea o kekahi, a indivisible, a me kā lākou mau hoa Hoopaa loa ana o ka mea i divisible a me ka haku o ka moku (particles) - nā'ātoma, a no ia mea, i ka waiwai o nā kumuhana i okoa mai kekahi i kekahi.

Ua Hopu i loko o ke ao o hakakino 'ole mai ai i loko o ka XVIII kenekulia, ka wā o nā hana o MV University, Lavoisier, D. HaleakaLā, i waiho A. Avogadro kumu'ātoma hakakino kumumanaʻo, e like me nā mea a pau i maoli ai oia o nā lātoma, a me ka poe i huli mai, o indivisible (particles) - nā'ātoma, kona AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN me kekahi i kekahi a me ka hoʻoholo walaʻauʻana waiwai o kekahi mau waiwai.

A hou ke kahua ma ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o ka' ole o nā lātoma a me nā'ātoma hiki i ka pau ana o ka XIX kenekulia, ka wā E. Rutherford a me kekahi mau 'ē aʻeʻepekema ua i ka loaʻa i kūpono ma ka ' ole o ka'Ātoma , a me ka'ātoma nucleus akaka ma ka loa hou malamalama. Penei, ka mea i loaʻa i ka'Ātoma mea,ʻaʻole he indivisible huna, ma ka mea ku ole, ka mea, ua haku o ka hiki liʻiliʻi eiiiiiaiou - kāna mau 'ōlelo a me ka electrons, i neʻe a puni ia i loko o convoluted orbits. Total'ākilikai'Ātoma alakai aku i ka hopena i electrons me he io ka uku ole, e ke koena aku hoi me ka maikaʻi kauoha na kumu mua. E like me ka mea huli mai, i kēia mau kumu e ola ana: ka mea, i kapaʻia ɑ-(particles), a me protons.

Hoikehonua, scientificʻike paipai i ka 'ole o ka'ātoma nucleus mea nui oi huikau ma mua o ka mea iʻikeʻia a hiki i ka haneri makahiki aku nei. No laila, i kēia mea, ua ike ia ka nucleus o ka'Ātoma kikowaena ole wale protons, akā, na (particles) e mai i ke kauoha - neutrons. Collectively, ua kapaia protons a me neutrons nucleons. Mai ka neutron nuipa wale 0,14% ma luna ma mua o ka nuipa o ka proton, laila nō kāu ua malama ole i ka i ka ho omaulia ana o keia koena unuhi.

Ke Ana o ka nucleus i loko o 10-12 a me 10-13 knm, Ke'ī mai, hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea i ka mea, ua i kia i loko o ka 'ōlelo o ka oi ma mua o 95%'ātoma kaumaha o ka'Ātoma nui like' ole o ka hoʻokahi haneri tausani manawa i ka nui o ka nucleus.

Major laupaʻi ano a emi iho i ka 'ole o ka'ātoma nucleus hiki ke loko mai o ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika papaaina DI Mendeleev. E like me ua ikeia, o ka helu ana o protons i loko o ka nucleus mea like me ka huina o ka orbiting electrons, a hoʻopili like me ka helu ana o hehee wale i loko o ka papaʻaina. I mea e ike i ka helu ana o neutrons mea kupono no ka mea, o ka huina nui o ka hehee ai, e unuhi i ka helu, a ua hoʻokōʻia i ka hapa a pau helu. Waiwai i loaʻa i ka ia helu ana o protons a me ka helu o nā neutrons i okoa i kapaia isotopes.

Kekahi o ka mea nui nīnau noiʻia e kānakaʻepekema këia i ka 'ole o ka nucleus, ua he ninau e pili ana i na koa a pau e malama i na protons, no ka mea, me ka mea hookahi malama, ka mea pono e kipaku. Haʻawina i hoike i ka mamao ma waena o nā protons i loko o ka nucleus mea ai uuku i wale, aole i ala mai repulsion ma waena o lākou. A, bions a i manaʻo ma waena o protons kokoke loa AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN, a paipai attraction a eia i hala o kekahi i kekahi.

Ka 'ole o ka'ātoma nucleus mea no hūnā i nui na mea pohihihi. Ka mea, e ki nei,ʻaʻole wale nō, e kōkua manaʻo kanaka maopopo maikaʻi i ka mea o ko ke ao nei, akā, no hoi e hana i kekahi qualitative ua lele akula nō ma ka 'epekema a me ka' ike loea.