Owai ua Copernicus? Nikolay Kopernik: Kawaihae, wehe

Kekahi hiki ole ke hai i ka Copernicus. Ua Ua manaoio aku i keia mea he theorist, astronomer, humanist, e noho ana mai ka 1473 ma 1543. He mea i ka oleloia mea nāna i hana o kaʻiʻo nō o kēia kumumanaʻo o planetary pa alima, e like me a ma ka waenakonu o ka la. Eia naʻe, e pili ana i kona ola a me ka hana i loa contradictory 'ike i Aʻole' ae 'kekahi, e pane i ka nīnau: "? Owai ka Copernicus" Aia He He likelihood ikaika i ka mea, ua he figurehead. Name o Copernicus, ma ka hou, hiki ana paha o ka pau pūʻulu o innovators i loko o ke kula o ka kilohōkū, ka poe i pee mai ka hoomaau ana. Eia naʻe, e hōʻike mākou i nā kūhelu Kawaihae a ke kanaka o ke 'epekema. Oe i ka mea o Copernicus, e like me ka loa, he pono ole mana. I kekahi manawa, kekahi mau Popular XAaOOEN, a laila mākou e lawe mai ia lakou a pau.

Ka lā o ka hanau ana, i ke kumu o Copernicus

Nikolay Kopernik, e like me Polish moʻolelo o ka 19th kenekulia, i hānauʻia ma ka 1473, 2 February. Kēia hanana i wahi i loko o ke kūlanakauhale Prussian o kākalaioa (kēia Torun, Poland). E like me ke astrological hoʻomaulia o Galileo a me Kepler ka kumu (M. Mestlina),ʻo ia i hānau i loko o 4 h. 48 min. PM February 19, 1473 He kēia lā ma hope o ka loa o kēia auʻepekema kumu.

Makua o ka nä känaka 'epekema o kona namesake. Aia he nui aku o ka poe i ka Copernicus Sr., a mea ana i hanaʻi. He ua he kālepa a me ka mahiai, a me ke kauka, a me ka mahalo, a me ka mea kahuʻai. Kēia kanaka i hele mai, mai Kakow i Torun no 1460. Ma Torun, lilo ae la ka makuakane o Rotehama ka hanohano kanaka. He malama no ia no na makahiki he koho kulanakauhale Nui. Eia hou, oia ua i ka mea nana i hali o ka honorary inoa o ka Papa Dominican "E ka hoahänau kolu o ka mea" (nä hope e pili ana i keia mea o ka mōneka).

He aha e hana ana i ka inoa o Copernicus?

Mākou hiki ole olelo pono ka mea i ka inoa o Copernicus, akā, kākau moʻolelo manaoio i na Rotehama kahiko no ke kaawale ana poʻe kūpuna, he poʻe kālepa keleawe (keleawe i loko o Roma - "cuprum"). Kekahi mana - i ka inoa e hele mai, mai nā inoa o nā kūlanakauhale ma Silesia, a me ka ia inoa. Presumably ka mea, kiʻi i ko lakou inoa, mai ka fennel ulu i loko o ka wahi (i loko o Polish dill - "koper"). Naʻe, ka mea kiko'ī wahi o kēia mau kauhale mea IKE OLE IA. Polish moʻolelo i ike aku ai no ka manawa mua keia inoa i loko o Cracow palapala e pili ana i ka 1367. Ua ua ike ia ma hope o kona mea nana e he artisans o nāʻoihana kahuna, ai, a me - tinker, Mason, gunsmith kahu kiai.

I ka hopena o nāʻohana o Rotehama

Nikolay Kopernik ma Torun, Sr. mare Barbara Vatzenrode, i ke kaikamahine a ka Lunakanawai Peresidena. Ua Ua manaoio aku i ka mare ana i wahi ma mua o nā keiki 1463 Lau i hānau i loko o ka 'ohana. Nikolai i ka muli loa o ia.

Ma Poland kēia lā hōʻike i ka hale, kahi supposedly hanau Nikolay Kopernik, kona Kawaihae mākou i pili i loko o. Kēia hale, e hōʻike 'ia ma ka Hawaii photo ma lalo, ma ka hopena o 18th kenekulia, e lilo i ka mea o ka noho malihini' ia paha o ka auamo. Puna a me nā pōhaku lepo mai ia - na kea laa, waiho waho ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha.

Children i loko o ka ohana o Copernicus aʻo i loko o kona maoli kulanakauhale, i kahi o ka mea i loaa hoʻonaʻauao 'ana i ka pono. Andrew, na ke kaikaina, ka mea i hānauʻia a puni 1464, kokoke e na wahi a pu Rotehama i kona make (o kona make ana i ka 1518 a 1519). He kōkua iā ia ma ka palapala, a me ka hoʻomana 'oihana. I ka 1512, Andrew i ka maʻi me ka maʻi lēpera, a make iho la ia i kekahi mau makahiki ma hopeʻo ia A. Copernicus. Pokole hōʻike e pili ana i ka hopena o na kaikuahine o ko mākou meʻe. Mua, Barbara, Ua tonsured he möneka i loko o Kulm. Ua make iho la ma kahi o 1517. A Ana hele i Kakow me kaʻu kane, he kalepa a me Baretolomaio Gertner. Ma hope iho i ko läkou 'i nalowale. A me ka mea o mākou meʻe, Nikolay Kopernik? Kawaihae, a me kona mau discoveries pono o ka piha mahele. Mua, e hai aku mākou e pili ana i ke ola o Nikolaya Kopernika, a laila, - ma luna o kona piʻi like.

Make o na makua, malama o Uncle

I ka 1483, make iho la kona makuakane o galloping Rotehama maʻi (presumably ke ahulau). Kona makuahine i make i ka 1489. Ma hope o kona make ana, hoomaka ae la ka ohana e hopohopo e pili ana i Luca Vatzenrode, ke kaikunane o ka makuwahine o ka (kiʻi ma lalo nei). He ua he Canon o ka kūloko diocese, a ma hope o ka manawa ia i lilo ai i ka Bihopa. Kēia kanaka lakou i hoohuiia i ia manawa. He ua i ka haku o ka Kakow Jagiellonian University, e like me ke kauka o Canon kānāwai ma kekahi kulanui - Bologna.

Education hoahanau ma Rotehama a me Andrew

Koke hahai ma nā kapuwaʻi o kona makua kāne, Andrew a me Nikolay Kopernik. Kawaihae o ko mākou meʻe hele ma luna o ka wā lōʻihi o ke aʻo. Ma hope iho o ka pau ana o ke kula kulanakauhale (ma kahi o 1491), nā hoahānau, hele i ka Jagiellonian University. Ma Rotehama a me Andrew koho i ka'āuna kumu o Liberal Arts. Ma keia kula ka mea, ua hui i ka manaʻo kanaka, ka mea, ua hohola iho la i ka manawa. Ke kulanui allegedly i ola i ka palapala evidencing i ka uku o ka tuition (no ka 1491) e me Nikolao Copernicus. Me ka? Anoee 3 makahiki a he Roma, kilohōkū, makemakika a me nā sciences, ua hoʻoholo ihola e haʻalele Kakow me ka loaa ana o ka palapala puka i nā hoahānau. Paha ka mea, i keia olelo hooholo no i ka mea i ke kulanui i ka 1494 ua lanakila ka scholastic aoao, kona mau lala no i ka Hunakalia fraternity.

Brothers koho, e waiho i ka Canons

Andrew a me Rotehama i manao ai e hoʻomau lākou mau haʻawina i loko o Italy. Eia naʻe, i kona makua, ka mea ma keia manawa ua ka Bihopa Ermelandskim ua ole no ia kala keu. He aku i kona mau moʻopuna kāne lawe noho Canons (ka Mokuna nā lālā o ke aupuni) i loko o ke kumuhana o ka diocese ia iā ia ma ka mea i loaʻa mai i ka uku pono no ke kaawale ana o ka hele ana a me ka mahele'āina'ē. Naʻe, i hoʻokō keia manao i hookahi - ia Hāʻule maila lākou i ka nele o diplomas hoahānau. Ia i kōkua i ka ikaika patronage. Aka hoi, hele aku la no na kaikuaana ma ka 1496 no ka aʻo no ka loio ma ka Kulanui o Bologna. Ka mea, i kohoʻia i loko o absentia ma Canons wahi i ka 1487, a me ka hoʻolako 'ana i uku makahiki, e like me ka pono me ka 3-makahiki haalele iho no ka hoomau ana ka hoʻonaʻauao.

Hoomau ana ka hoʻonaʻauao ma o ka University o Bologna

Ke Kulanui o Bologna aʻo ole wale i ka pono akā, i ka poʻe puni hoʻonaʻauao o ka kilohōkū Nikolay Kopernik. Kawaihae iā ia i kēia manawa kaha maha ma ka familiarity me Dominique Mariey Di Navar. Kēia kumu o ke Kulanui o Bologna, ike kilo o ia manawa. Copernicus, kona Kawaihae hiki ke recreated wale ma ke kumu o kaʻauhau'ēʻaʻe kumu i loko o ka wā e hiki mai ina kā lākou puke Shoes ka Astronomical loina, aʻo ia me Kāʻeokūlani, paʻa me kona kumu. Ke Kulanui o Bologna a me Rotehama aʻo i ka Helene 'ōlelo, a ua kokoke kaulana i waena o nā humanists, nae, ke hoala mai i ka hoʻohuoiʻia o ka hoʻopiʻopiʻo ma ka Hui scholastics. Oae, i makemake oia pena - hoola i ke kiʻi, a ua manaoia e ia i kekahi kope i ka Copernicus ka hoʻoponopono-kiʻi.

Lecturing ma Roma, këia lapaʻau

Nā hoahānau Ua aʻo ma Bologna 3 makahiki, hou me ka loaa ana o ka palapala puka. Wahi a ka moʻolelo, pokole Nikolay hana me ke kumu o ka makemakika ma Roma, e heluhelu ana i ka mea ia manawa a me ka Astronomical haʻi'ōlelo Alexander VI Borgia, i ka Pope, e like me ka Italia nä känaka 'epekema. Eia naʻe, hoike o keia manao, aole ia i nei.

Brothers i ka 1501 hoi pokole ma Frauenburg, a hiki i ka pou. Ua makemake aku e noi i ke kali hou aku; no ka hoʻomau 'ana i kā lākou hoʻonaʻauao. Ma hope o ka loaa ana ia, i nā hoahānau i hele aku i ka noiʻi i lapaau i ka Kulanui o Padua. Ka mea, noho iho la ilaila a hiki i 1506, a hou i i loaa i ka palapala puka. Naʻe, i ka 1503, ua hala nā hoahānau i nā kŰia me ka mawaho haumāna ma ke Kulanui o Ferrara a lilo i kauka o ke kānāwai.

Ohana, ka mea hana i ka Bihopa

Kopernicki i ka 1506 hoʻi ma hope o ka puka. Ma Rotehama ma ia manawa ua mua 33 o kona mau makahiki, a me Andrew - 42. I ia manawa, loaa ia diplomas ma ia mau makahiki i kuhi maʻamau. No hoi, he nui nä känaka 'epekema ike i loko o ka' epekema kaiāulu (e like, G. Galilei), i ole i ka palapala puka. Kēia i i ole a pau o ia e kiʻi i kekahi professorial noho.

Nikolay Kopernik, ma hope o makahiki o ka hana i loko o ka Canon o Frombork lilo i kuhikuhi i ka Bihopa (kona makuakane), a laila, i ka luna'aha'ōlelo o ka diocese. He kokua i kona kaikuahine, e kaua aku me ka Teutonic Papa, i alakai i ka 1511 e Albrecht av Hohenzollern, i ka wā e hiki mai ana o kona renegade. Ma Rotehama a kōkua i loko o ke kūkā 'ana me Sigismund I, ke alii o ka Poland, oia no ka makua o Albrecht. Ua Ua manaoio ia Luke Vattselrode i makemake e hana i kona mau hope ma Rotehama. Naʻe, i ole i ia i lawa haʻawina a me ka 'iʻini ma no keia ano o ka ha awina.

Neʻe maila i Fraenburg

Copernicus i keia manawa i hoomaka ai e ho okumu i ka Astronomical kumumanaʻo. Ma Pepeluali 1512, make iho la o Bishop Luca Vattselrode. Mai ia manawa welau sinecure Copernicus. I ka noho ana o ka Bihopa i Fabian Losaynen, classmate o na hoahanau o ka Kulanui o Bologna. Me Nikolao ka mea i haʻalele Lidzbarga. Copernicus hoi i Frauenburg, kahi ana i lilo i Canon o ka Hale Pule Nui. Tideman Gize, i kona kākoʻo iā ia, a me ka hoa, lilo Lunakanawai Kaulike o ke Diocese. Eia naʻe, ma Rotehama hana a kona loa kaumaha. He kuleana no aneiai noho ana a me ka ohi ana o na auhau. A puni keia manawa, me kona kaikaina o Anederea maʻi me ka maʻi lēpera, a hoʻoholo i ka hele ana i Italia.

Copernicus i ike

Copernicus hoomau i kona mau haʻawina ma ka kilohōkū. Iao? Loaʻa iā ia kekahi kaulana i loko o kēia kahua ina ma ka pau ana o ka 15th kenekulia. Kona haʻi'ōlelo, ua nui kaulana, ka mea, e kipa e Alexander VI Borgia, e like me Rotehama ka Vinci. Moʻolelo kuhikuhi mai i ka Pope Leo X i ka 1514, i mai la i ke nä känaka 'epekema, ka mea i manaʻo ai o ka' alemanaka mihi. Nikolay Kopernik hōʻike i kona mau manao i loko o ka palapala ana i Paul Middelburgskomu, curator o ka papal kēia pukana. He aku no kekahi mau manawa, e ka hailonaʻana i kēia hana mea hou i hana muaʻole, like loa me kona i ole ke hoʻokō 'ia i ka hanaia'na o ke kumumanaʻo (o ka a, incidentally, Copernicus hana no 30 makahiki). Eia naʻe, palapala hoike e hoao ia, ka mea, ua i hoikeia.

Nikolaya Kopernika ma ka Akuma ka o 1516, e koho i kekahi wahi Tiedemann Giese. He lilo ka manakia o ka hema Aupuni a pau a hiki i ka diocese o Warmia. A me Giza, mai ka manawa i mālama aku ia manawa like Bishop kulmskogo. Copernicus ma ka pili ana i ka mea hou koho neʻe i 4 makahiki ma Olsztyn. Here ka mea, ua puʻe wale akula kēlā i ka hana koa kana oihana - ka Teutonic Papa Varma hoouka a me ka hopu kekahi hapa o ka ia. A hookahi ka mea, e waiho i ka noho o Copernicus. Ma Rotehama hoi i Frombork i ka 1521, ma hope o ka maluhia i manao ai me ke Teutonic Papa.

Ka mua hoonoho, nā noi no ke koi pohō a mihi

Ua Ua manaoio aku i ka mea, i laila i ka mea i hana mai i kona hoonoho mua, noa i ka ' "Small manaʻo hoʻopuka'. Keia hana ua i hoike mai i kona pähola 'i loko o kekahi wahi paiki huahelu. Copernicus ka hāpai 'ana i ke koi pohō a mihi Prussia haawi ia i ka 1528. Ua i laila, i ka mea, hoʻonoho ihola iā lākou ma luna o kaʻai o Elblag.

ahewa ana Copernicus

Warmia Bishop Ferber ma hope o ka make, a i wahi i ka 1537, e lilo ana Johann Dantisk mua humanist a me ka poe Epikoureio,. He a laila lilo ka prude a me retrograde, a no ka mea, o ka mea hana haipule 'oihana. A hailona o ke kaumaha a me ka pilikia Copernicus hoopakele mai kona noho aliʻiʻana. Dantisk ina hoopiiia ma Rotehama o ka moekolohe cohabitation me Anna Schilling, mare housekeeper. Ka wahine ina he kūikawā paa o ka Bihopa banned mai Frombork, no ka mea, keia mea i ka mea pepehi kanaka e hoʻokela "ke kaulana o astronomer."

Ka hope makahiki o kona ola ana, make

No ka Copernicus i ka 1539 hele mai Retik AI e noiʻi i kona kumumanaʻo. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, oia paʻi i ka puke ma i ka hou kumumanaʻo i hōʻike, a laila, paʻi i ka puke, a me kona kumu.

Copernicus make ma May 24, 1543 He make ma hope o ka hahauʻana a me ka lōlō, kena ae la ia e ka mea, i ka hapalua pono o ke kino. I ka 1655 Pierre Gassendi palapala iho la i ka Kawaihae, e like me ka mea i loko o ka ulu anu lima o Copernicus kona mau hoa i ka palapala o kona puke. Ma Rotehama, e like me ke kālā no moʻolelo, ua kanuʻia i loko o ka Hale Pule Nui Fromborkskom (Hawaii photo ma luna hōʻike ia). I ka 1581 ma ke alo o kona halekupapau hoʻouka kekahi i ka plaque me ke kiʻi, a ma kaʻaoʻao o ka Hale Pule Nui o ke kia hoʻomanaʻo no ma Rotehama.

Acts Rotehama

Copernicus ua ike kuhikuhi i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka heliocentric kumumanaʻo. Eia naʻe,ʻo ia ua aie me ka nui no hoi na hana hoʻomaopop 'ana i loko o ka mohai anei, a lahui naʻauao humanists o ka manawa. E wehewehe i ka papa kuhikuhiE discoveries o Copernicus pokole.

Translation mai Greek

I ka 1509, ma Rotehama, nana i olelo mai kēlā wahi aku me Helene, unuhi 'ia i loko o Roma hana 6 a 7. BC. e ka. "E loaʻa, kua'āina a me ke aloha palapala Feofilakta Simokatty, scholasticism." Ua Ua manaoio aku i ka mea nāna i hana i keia hana i ka hope moʻolelo e pili ana i ka moolelo kahiko. Eia naʻe, ka mea i ike ole paha keia unuhi i paʻiʻia, akā, i ke kikokikona o ka mea, uaʻikeʻia. Interestingly, ka mea kākau moʻolelo hōʻike ina ua piha keia palapala me ka anachronisms a me ka mea kamahaʻo i loko iho nei i mōʻaukala a me ka mythical kanaka. Naʻe, i kēia "naʻaupō" a me ka "manakā", "'ōpala" somehow mahalo Copernicus, ma Rotehama hooeueu ae la i unuhi. Kana hana, oia pau makua. Eia hou, i ka poe hooilina o Rotehama noho, mai kahi mamao aku, a me nā hana o Theophylact Scholastica.

papa cartography

A ma keia wahi Copernicus haʻalele i kona hoailona. He Ua hana mai i kekahi palapala 'āina o Prussia, a, Eia naʻe, i ole e holo. E ho ohana i ka hoʻoponopono-i parallax laina o ka spruce cone, ma Rotehama manao i loko o 3 'ka latitu Frauenburga. Mau laau la, i kapaia o "Trikvetra" i kēia lā ma ke Kulanui o Cracow. Wahi a ka moʻolelo, ma ka hopena o 16th kenekulia. keia maikai kea laa, Ganov John, Bishop no Warmia, Tiho Brage a kaahele lakou ma Elia Olai Tsimber, ka haumāna hope.

Other papa o Copernicus

Ma ka aina ana o Warmia wā (mai ka 1516 a hiki i 1520 makahiki) Nikolay Kopernik E ke Kumu i ka oihana koa, he oihana lunaʻenehana a me ka luna hoʻomalu. Kona haʻawina nā lehulehu ke kālā no ma ka hopena o ka 1520-ka. Eia hou, e kakau ia ma Rotehama ua he kaulana kahuna lapaau, i hana noa o artisans a me kauwa. Nā discoveries o Copernicus allegedly i loaʻa i kona hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o ka Hawaii.

"Commentariolus"

na hana o ka ekolu a hooku iho la Astronomical hana o Nikolaya Kopernika. Elua o ia i ua paʻi wale i loko o ka 19th kenekulia. Ka mua hana - "Small pākuʻi ', a outlines ka kumumanaʻo o Rotehama. Kope o ka palapala i loaʻa i loko o ka hale waihona puke o ka Vienna Aha i ka makahiki 1877 a me 1878 A mau makahiki ma hope, i ka makahiki 1881, i loaaʻi ma ka hookahi puke noke me ka mooolelo o Copernicus. Ua ninoieo o 16 'aoʻao, a ua loaʻa ma Uppsala University, i loko o kona hale waihona puke. I kekahi manawa, nae, hai aku i ka mea i loaʻa i loko o Stockholm.

"Ka memo o Copernicus iā Werner" a me "Ma ka Hope o ka lani Spheres"

"Palapala ku e Werner Copernicus" - i ka lua o ka manawa ma Rotehama (essay) ma kilohōkū. Kēia mea i kona palapala ia Bernard Wapowski, rector o ka Kakow Hale Pule Nui. Ke hana Uaʻale huli hoihoi 'me ka mea i kekahi mau chronological a kuhi o ka mea kākau, a i ka nānā' ana ma luna o ka Ikepili o ka precession o na hoku, e like me medieval a kahiko kumu. I ka 1543 ka mea i paiia i ka papa kuhikuhiE puke o Copernicus 'Ma ka Hope o ka lani Spheres ". Place o ka paʻi o keia hana hoike i Regensburg, ka Nuremberg. Ka mea, na ka hopena o ka mea kākau o ka loina, e like me kekahi keiki Kahua o 1025 hoku, kino haku ia.

Copernican kumumanaʻo

Nā manaʻo o kēia nä känaka 'epekema he i hoakaka lea mai no kona manawa. Copernican honua mea radically okoa mai ka nui oluolu manao o kona mau mua a me ka wā. Ma Rotehama kiola i ka geocentric 'ōnaehana o ko ke ao nei, a i hanaia e Ptolemy. I ia manawa ka mea, ua i ka wiwo ole neʻe aku, mai keia kükohu i kākaʻikahi ua ninau aku. Ua Ua kākoʻo 'ia e ka loa influential i ka manawa o ka Ekalesia Hui. E like me ia, i ka piko o ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa o ka Honua a me ka Sun, i ka poepoe o ka haka hoku, a pau na hoku a revolve a puni ia. Heliocentric nenoaiu o Copernicus fundamentally ma paʻewa me keia manao. ʻepekema, i ka Honua, e like me ka Honua ma ka neʻeʻana a puni ka la. Ma Rotehama aku la i ka neʻeʻana o ka lani ia ke ike i ka lā - keia mea heʻilihune o ka noi o ka Honua a puni kona iho (axis). Nā discoveries o Copernicus imua o ia iā lākou i loko o ka hana "Ma ka Hope o ka lani Spheres", i i paʻiʻia ma ka makahiki o kona make ana. Book i ka 1616 banned ka Ekalesia Hui. Aka hoi, hou manaʻo mau hoʻoikaika i ko lākou ala. Ke Kaka, i ma Rotehama, haawi mai la i ka impetus ikaika i ka 'epekema. He nui nā kānakaʻepekema laila, huli ia ia.

No laila, ua holo mai i Kawaihae, a me ka puka o Nikolaya Kopernika pokole. E like me 'oe ke manao wale, aia no he kekahiʻano o ka pahiki i kekahi mau kūʻiʻo o kona ola ana, he oiaio ia mau mea. Recreate ke Kawaihae o ka poʻe i noho ma mua o kākou, ka mea, ua maopopo mau pilikia. Eia naʻe, ua i hoao e haawi aku ai ia i ka hapanui paha 'ike e pili ana ia i kekahi kanaka me Copernicus. Kawaihae a me kona mau discoveries i no ke kumuhana o ka study ma ka moʻolelo. Malia paha ma hope o kekahi manawa ka mea, e hiki e ke loaa hou pololei 'ike.