Harlem, New York: hō'ike a me nā hō'ike

'O ka wahi'o New York'o Harlem ka mea i hūnā'ia i nā mea hilahila, nā melekani a me nā hi'ohi'ona. Akā, ke ulu nei ke kūlanakauhale, ho'ololi,'ike'ia kēia ma Harlem. E no'ono'o e pili ana i ka mo'aukala a me nā hi'ohi'ona o kēia wahi. He aha ka waiwai e'ike ai a pehea e maka'u ai i ka po'e māka'ika'i e kipa ana i Harlem (New York).

Ka Manawa District

'O Harlem (New York), nona ka mo'olelo a hiki i ka kenekulia 17, he kūlanakauhale li'ili'i ia i hana'ia e nā kama'āina mai Holland. No ka nui o nā makahiki he nui ka hō'eu'eu pinepine'ia o ka Dutch e nā po'e'ōiwi o kēia mau'āina o nā India o ka'ohana Lenape. I ka wā i ho'opau'ia ai nā India, ho'omaka ka ho'omaka'ana o ka ulu o ke kūlanakauhale. I ka pau'ana o ke kenekulia 18, i ka pau'ana o ke Kaua Kivila, ua'ike'o Harlem, e like me ke ao holo'oko'a o New York, i ka hopena waiwai. Ke kūkulu'ia nei nā hale hou ma'ane'i, ua wehe'ia nā'oihana. Ua ninini'ia nā malihini ki ke kūlanakauhale. No ka mea he wahi maika'i loa'o Harlem, ma'ane'i i noho'ia nā po'e malihini a me nā'Inelani, a ua'ike'ia nā'āpana Negro li'ili'i.

I ka ho'omaka'ana o ke kenekulia 20, ua holo wikiwiki nā'ōpiopio mai ke kūkulu hema i New York, e 'imi ana i ka hana a palekana mai ka ho'okaumaha. Mahalo i nā hana a ka mea kū'ai'o Philippe Payton, ka hapanui o nā malihini i noho ma nā hale kū'ai ukana ma ia wahi. Ua'ike koke'ia kahi mea hou. Ua'ike nā'Amelika a pau,'o Harlem (New York) he moku "'ele'ele", a'a'ohe mea e pili ana i ka ke'oke'o.

Ma ka makahiki 1930, hiki i ka helu o nā'ele'ele ma kēia wahi i 70%. 'O ka makahiki 20 he mau makahiki'o Harlem Golden, kahi hana kūikawā kūikawā ma kēia wahi, a laila'ike'ia ka jazz, kahi i lilo ai kahi wahi kaulana kaulana o ke kūlanakauhale. Akā, me ka ho'omaka'ana o ka Paha nui, ua nui ka po'e i noho ma Harlem i kā lākou mau hana, a lilo i ka'āpana'āina i hewa o ke kūlanakauhale. I ka makahiki 1950 a me 1960, ua nui ka hahau'ana o nā po'e noho i kahi manawa, e koi ana i ka mayoralty e ho'okomo i nā alanui a me nā hale. I ka hopena o nā makahiki 1970, ua ho'omaka nā haumāna e noho ma'ane'i, ua ho'omaka ka'āpana e lilo i kahi kuhi.

Ma Harlem,'a'ole he hopohopo'ē a'e o ka lāhui'ele'ele, akā, ua noho ka moku i ka'oihana politika o nā'Amelika'Amelika. I ka pau'ana o ke kenekulia 20, ua koho'ia'o Harlem e ka bohemia, a ua ho'olapalapa'ia ka hanana no'ono'o. I kēia lā, mahalo nui'ia kēia wahi, he nui nā wahi hi'ona a me nā wahi ho'okipa.

'O Geography

'O Harlem (New York), ka mea nāna mākou e hō'ike nei, aia ma Upper Manhattan. Holo kona mau palena ma nā muliwai o ka muliwai a me Hudson, ma nā alanui 110, 155 a me 5 Avenue. Ma Harlem,'ekolu mau'āpana waena: Central, e nānā ana i ka Central Park, ke Komohana a me ka Hikina,'o ia ho'i i kapa'ia'o Sepania.

Ho'onohonoho

I ka pau'ana o ke kenekulia 19,'o Harlem (New York), nona ka ki'i i'ike nui loa i kēia lā, ua'ike'o ia i kahi kālai'ia. Ma waho o nā alanui ma ke komohana o ka papa he kūkulu'ia nā hale brick 3-6 mau hale. I kēia lā, kūkulu hou'ia nā hale kūlanakauhale o Harlem ma o ka ho'okomo'ana i nā hale kū'ai. Nui nā hale mahalo loa a me nā hale nani, nā hale nani. 'O ka ho'olālā 'āina e mālama i ka'uhane o ke kenekulia 20. Ke kani ka jazz a lanakila'o Charleston.

Ma kahi e'ike ai'oe i ke kūkulu'ia'ana o ke kenekulia 1900 ma Lenox Avenue, 122 a me 123 mau alanui. Harlem mea pono haʻaheo o ka nani Hale Pule Nui Ioanna Bogoslova, na hale, koleke, a me nā kulanui, ka oi aku o ka 'ihiʻihi Columbia University. Eia ma Harlem hiki iā'oe ke'ike i nā hale nani i ka makahiki 1900 a me ka ho'okahuli'ana o ka hapalua o ka hapalua o ka 20. I kēia lā, ua'ike'ia ka papahana "Revival of Harlem" ma kahi e ho'iho'i'ia nā hale i ko lākou'ike mua'ia'ana, ua ho'onui'ia nā alanui, a ma hope o ka lilo'ana o ka'āina kipi i kahi kūpono.

Ka heluna kanaka

'O Harlem (New York) kahi i pili mau'ia me ka heluna'ele'ele, akā na'e, ua ho'ololi koke ka 'āpana i kona lāhui i nā manawa. I ka makahiki 1910, 10% o nā'Amelika'Amelika noho ma'ane'i, i ka makahiki 1930 - 70%, a ma 1950 - 98%. A laila ua ho'omaka ka holo'ana o nā po'e'ele'ele. Ke pi'i nei nā'ano like'ole o nā lāhui, eia nā ho'opi'i'ana o ka po'e Hepanipana, nā Italia, nā Iudaio. I kēia lā,'o ka'ao'ao hikina hikina o ka'āina i ulu nui'ia e Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, a me nā Spaniards. Ma Western Harlem, ke ola o ka po'e ke'oke'o nui, aia he mau kula ho'ona'auao a he nui nā haumāna e pili ana. Aia ma kahi o 300,000 mau kānaka i Harlem. Central Central Harlem.

'O ka ho'olālā

'O ka'āpana o Harlem (New York) ka manawa i kapa'ia he kikowaena o ka mo'omeheu mua. Mai ka makahiki 1920, i ka manawa i ho'okani'ia ai nā mele jazz ma kahi o nā mele i kēia manawa, ua ho'olala'ia ka hanana no'ono'o. I loko o nā 70s rock a roll roll i nā wahi a pau, a i kēia lā, koho'ia'o Harlem e nā mea ho'okani a me nā mea ho'okani mele o kēia pākaua.

Ua kū pono'o Modern Harlem i nā hana ho'olimalima, kahi e wehe mau'ia ai nā kolemu hou ma ka wahi. Eia kekahi, ua kaulana kēia mau wahi no ka hana'ana o kekahi mau hana maika'i ma'ane'i,'o ia ho'i'o "Apollo" kaulana loa. Aia ma ia wahi he mau hale mīkini kekahi, e like paha, me ka'aha Jazz me kahi hō'ili'ili nui o nā mea mai ka lā o kēia mele. I ka hopena pule, ua mālama'ia nā po'e bohemia ma Harlem, kahi i ho'onohonoho'ia ai nā wahi maika'i loa ma ka waena o ka moku.

Ka malu

'O ka'ike ma'amau e pili ana i kēia wahi,'o Harlem (New York) kahi wahi weliweli loa, kahi kokoke i kēlā me kēia kihi he'Amerika'Amerika me kahi kī'aha, a inā'a'ole i make, a laila ua pale pololei. Ua'ike'ia kēia'ano hilina'i i nā makahiki he kanahiku o ka 20st century, i ka wā o ka'āina he nui nā pepehi kanaka. I kēia manawa, ua ho'omau'ia ka hō'ailona lā'au ma'ane'i: 70% o nā po'e New Yorkers i noho i Harlem. I kēlā manawa ho'okahi, aia kekahi ma'i pō'ino me nā keiki makua'ole a me nā hala o nā keiki. Ma Harlem, he mea weliweli loa i ka pō a me ka pō.

Ma nā makahiki he 10 i hala iho nei, ua ho'okō ka ho'oponopono aupuni i kekahi kulekele kūikawā e kōkua ana e paio i nā pilikia pili kaiapilikia o Harlem, a ua ho'oponopono maika'i'ia ke kūlana. I kēia lā, ua emi ka hapa nui o ka hewa ma Central a me Western Harlem ma lalo o ka palena US. Hiki i ka East Harlem ke waiho i kahi ho'oweliweli i ka mea hele wale i ka pō. Akā ma ke'ano laulā, e ulu nui ana ka moku,'o ia ho'i me ka Central Central, i kahi noho kūpono no ka'Amelika me ka uku makahiki.

He mea e hana ai

'O ke kahaha,'o Harlem kekahi'āpana o New York City, he mea nui ia no nā huaka'i a me nā huaka'i hele. 'O ka'ike'ana i kahi maika'i loa o ka wahi mai King Street, kahi e ho'onālua'ia ai nā wahi nui o ka'āpana'āina. Pono pono e kipa i ka Hale Hō'ike'ike o ka Hale Hō'ike'ike, e ho'ouluulu ana i nā hō'ike a me nā'ahamele. Kokoke ka inoa kaulana'o "Cotton", kahi i hō'ulu'ulu'ia ai nā pūkuniahi i ka makahiki 1920, kaulana nā jazzmen kaulana a ola ka ola o kēlā manawa. E pili ana i ke ola o ka'aha kala ma kahi pī'ani pū me ka inoa ho'okahi.

I ke ahiahi, pono e hele i ka hale ki'i'oni'oni "Appolo", kahi i mele ai i nā hōkū like me Ella Fitzgerald a me Stevie Wonder. Ma ke alanui Hema, e nānā ana i ka Central Park, he mea maika'i loa ia no kahi huaka'i. He mea pono nō ho'i ke hele i ka wai o ka Hudson a mahalo i ka panorama. He wahi nui'o Harlem e ho'ā'o ai i nā mea'ai'Amelika ma'amau. Aia kekahi mau hale ho'okipa pono loa kahi i lawelawe'ia ai ka "kī kichin" - kahi kī'aha kīhāpai.

Nā kūlana kūpono

'O ka'āpana o Harlem (New York) kahi kūpono loa mai kahi e'ike'ia ai ke kāpae'ana. 'O kēia kahi o nā kumu i ho'onui'ia a ho'onui hou'ia ka papa waena i kēia mau lā. I loko o ka moku, he nui nā kūlana maika'i o nā hale kula a me nā mea ki'eki'e. Ua nui a ho'onui'ia ka po'e holoka'i ma kēia wahi, e hele ana i nā wahi'ē a'e i ka huaka'i hele. Ma Harlem, nui nā mea'ai maika'i a me nā hale kū'ai. No nā māka'ika'i, nā alaka'i a me nā alaka'i e hā'awi ana i kā lākou mau lawelawe.

Nā mana'o e pili ana i ke ola ma Harlem

I kēia lā,'o ka District of New York (Harlem), he mau mana'o ho'olālā e pili ana i ke'ano o ka nohona like'ole, e lilo ana i mau bourgeois a bohemian. Me ia ma New York, ke emi nei ka hewa a me ka maika'i o ke ola. Akā, e like me ka po'e e noho ana, pono'oe e uku no ka maluhia o ka no'ono'o, a me ka'ōlelo maoli o ka hua'ōlelo:'o ka waiwai maoli ma kēia wahi e lilo ana i mea'oi a'e. 'O ka'ao'ao o ka moku e nānā loa i ka panalā'au, ai kekahi manawa he mea'ilihune. Akā'o ka loli'ana o ka heluna kānaka e loli iki ana i ke ki'i no ka maika'i.