He aha ka ka ke kemu mahele lāʻau o ka pāhawewe?

He 'atikala ua hoolilo i ka theme like o ka ke kemu pāhawewe mahele lāʻau (a-ana), ionizing pāhawewe a me ko lakou mau ano. Ua kekahi mau 'ike e pili ana i ke' ano, ke ano, kumu, ano o ka computation, pa alima o ka ana ana o ke kemu pāhawewe mahele lāʻau a me ka oi.

I ka manaʻo o ke kemu mahele lāʻau o ka pāhawewe

pāhawewe mahele lāʻau - he nui, a ua hoʻohana 'ia e ka sciences me ke kālaikūlohea a me ka radiobiology, ma ka mea e Loiloi i ka hopena o ionizing pāhawewe ma ke' ano o ka'aʻaʻa o meaola e ola ana, i ko lakou metabolic keʻano o ka hanaʻana, e like me ka waiwai. He aha ka mea i kapaia o ka paka mahele lāʻau o ka pāhawewe, i mea kona waiwai, a me ka palapala hopena o keʻano o nā 'ano apau loa? ʻano nui ka mea, ua hōʻike mai iā ia i loko o ka palapala o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ma waena o ka meakino, a me ka ionizing pāhawewe, a ua kapaʻia he ionization kanawai.

Ke kemu mahele lāʻau o ka pāhawewe i kona mau ano a me ka huahelu, a me ka ka manaʻo pohihihi, aʻano o ka keʻano o ka hanaʻana ma lalo o ka pāhawewe paha i kekahi 'ano ma ka' ano apau loa ke kemu mahele lāʻau.

Ionizing pāhawewe palapala

Ionizing pāhawewe - he kahawai o nāʻano o nā kula haʻahaʻaa (particles), photons a me na hakina ua loaʻa i ka hopena o nukelea fission, a me ka Loaʻaʻia e i ionization o ka waiwai. Ultraviolet pāhawewe, e like me ka hiki palapala o ka malamalama a hiki i kēia 'ano o ka pāhawewe Aʻole i pili, e like me ka mea e ole loaʻa ka pāhawewe kinoea ma ke' ano a me ka Radio auka e paa ai, ma muli o ia kā lākou uuku ka nui o ka ikaika mea,ʻaʻole i lawa ke kūkulu i'ātoma a me ka hakakino ionization i loko o ka papa kuhikuhiE moku'āina.

Ionizing palapala o ka pāhawewe, kona ano a me nā kumu

Na ke kemu mahele lāʻau o ionizing pāhawewe hiki ke ana i loko o kekahi mau huahelu o ka Si, a me ka hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ke ano o ka pāhawewe. Ka loa nui ke ano o na pāhawewe: gamma kukuna, Hoʻokolohua (particles) a me electrons, positrons, neutrons, ionic (me, alpha (particles)), X-Ray, electromagnetic a nalu me ka pōkole (kiʻekiʻe ikehu photons) a me ka muon.

Nature ionizing pāhawewe kumu hiki e loa like, no kekahi laʻana, spontaneously hang nei radionuclide palaho pūʻulu thermonuclear naoh makahiki o nā kukunaʻimi hoʻopunipuni radionuclides 'ano nukelea reactors, accelerator o kula haʻahaʻaa (particles), a me ka mea hana i manao ia no ka X-Ray.

Pehea ka waiū i ionizing pāhawewe

Ke kaumaha ma muli o kaʻano papa hana ana a ka hoʻolauna Agena a me ka ionizing pāhawewe, hiki ke kaʻawale 'ana, papa mai (particles) kahe' ano a me ka lawe 'ana i ka pāhawewe kahiko o ka'āina, i loko o nā hua'ōlelo, he photon a me ka proton mea nana i ulana,'ākilikai (particles) kahe. ho okumu na mea maalea, e leie aku e koho i kekahi lā, iniiaiie, a me ka haumāna ke ano o ionizing pāhawewe. Ke kemu mahele lāʻau o ka pāhawewe ua nānā 'ia e like me ke' ano o ka pāhawewe e i ka waiwai ua hoolilo ia, no ka laʻana, hopena ikaika ka hoʻokō mahele lāʻau kukuna mai ka lewa ma ka Honua ka ili honua, mawaho o ka uhi, ka 0,036 mSv / h. Ia e maopopo ai no hoi ia i keʻano a me ka mahele lāʻau ana-ana a me kona uku hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka huina o ka helu o nā kumumea, e olelo ana o cosmic kukuna, ka mea, ua hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka latitu geomagneticʻano a me ka wahi loop he umikumamakahi makahiki poe hope.

Ionizing huna ka ikehu huahelu mea ma ka laulā, mai ka mau o nā hoailona haneri eV, a hele mai i nā hoailona 10 ^15-20 huina'ine volts. Ke alanui lōʻihi a me ka anal hiki ke ĸokoĸa ana nä pane kaiāulu, a me ka ÷ mau micrometers a hiki i na tausani o ka kilomika a oi.

Familiarization me ka waiū mahele lāʻau

ionization ai ua noʻonoʻo i ka walaʻauʻana ano ano o AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN me ke kaiapuni malamalama. Ma ka loiloi mua wā o ka ho okumu ana o ka pāhawewe dosimetry iʻano nui? Anoee, a-kau, i ka electromagnetic a ale a moe loko o ka ultraviolet inideka waena a me ka gamma pāhawewe, aie i ka mea i ka mea, ua hoʻomano palahalaha ae ma ka lewa. Nolaila, he laupaʻi ana no ka pāhawewe ke kahua o ka nui o ka lewa ionization. Kēia ana i ke kumu no ka hanaia'na o ka waiū mahele lāʻau hoʻoholo ma ionization o ka lewa ma lalo o maʻamau ka lewa puʻe, pono e maloʻo ka lewa iho.

Waiū pāhawewe ke kemu mahele lāʻau lawelawe 'ana, e hooholo i ka uea' o ionizing pāhawewe o ka X-kukuna a me ka gamma-Ray radiant ikehu E hoike mai i hoomanawanui i ka huli ana i ka ikehu kinetic o hoopiiia (particles) i loko o ka paona like o ka lewa ea.

Unit o ke ana ana o ke kemu pāhawewe mahele lāʻau waiū type - mea he lei'ā'ī Si ke keʻena i puunaueia e kilograms (C / kg). Kind o aku-'ōnaehana pa alima - X-Ray (R). Kekahi lei'ā'ī / KG e like me 3876 X-Ray.

adsorbed huina

Na ke kemu mahele lāʻau o ka-manao me ka maopopo ka ho'ākāka 'ana, ka mea, ua lilo ia e pono ai i ke kanaka ma ka pili me kaʻano o ka hiki ano o ka waiū o ka pāhawewe ma ka'aʻaʻa o nā mea ola, a me nā mea ola' hale. Hoʻonui ike huahelu o? Ueo a me ionizing-manao hōʻike ana i ka degere o ke keiki a me ka hopena hiki e loa like me ka mea i malama i ka mea maʻamau ka wehewehena. E haawi ala i ka Nine Inch, a physical loli ma ka'aʻaʻa, a me ka waiwai a malalo e irradiation, hiki wale nō i ka manaʻo nui o ke kemu ikehu ionizing pāhawewe type. Ke oāwa i helu koi 'ia e hoʻomaka i kēia mau loli hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ke' ano o ka pāhawewe. Ke kemu mahele lāʻau-ana, a malaila no ia kumu. I mea, keia ikehu nui i ua malalo iho ai i ke omo o ka mokuna a me ka waiwai a hoʻopili like i ka ionizing 'ano o ka ikaika i i ke kemu, a me ka kaumaha o ke kumuhana a mea e absorbs pāhawewe.

Ana o ke kemu mahele lāʻau ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka mokuna oho (Gy) - hapa o ka Si nenoaiu. Kekahi oho - o ka huina o ka mahele lāʻau e ke hoolilo i kekahi joule o ionizing pāhawewe 1 kilogram ke kaumaha. Olioli - aku-'ōnaehana pa alima o ka ana o ka waiwai o ka 1 Gy hoʻopili like i 100 rad.

Ke Komo 'mahele lāʻau i loko o kālaimeaola

ʻimi hoʻopunipuni irradiation holoholona, a kanu i nā'aʻaʻa maopopo nō ia i nāʻano o ka pāhawewe, oiai ma ka ia ke kemu mahele lāʻau e okoa pili i ke kino, a pau i ka liluwelo a me ka Nine Inch keʻano o ka hanaʻana 'ia ma loko o laila. Keia ua kauoha ae la ia e ke koena unuhi nui o Ion ua loaʻa ma ka malamalama a me ka kaumaha (particles). No ka kekahi a me ka mea ia ala ma ka proton Ion'aʻaʻa ke hana hou ma mua o ka huina'ine. Na denser (particles) ohi ma ionization, ka ikaika e ia i ka pāhawewe kŘpuna kanawai ma ke kino, ma lalo o ka ia ke kemu mahele lāʻau. I Ka e like me keia kŰia, i ka likeʻole i loko o ka mana o ka hopena o keʻano o ka pāhawewe i ka'aʻaʻa, ua wahahee ma ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka inoa like paha mahele lāʻau. Like paha ke kemu pāhawewe mahele lāʻau - o kaʻikepili o ka pāhawewe i loaa mai ma ke kino anakahi ho omaulia ma ka hoonui i ka ke kemu mahele lāʻau a me ka hana kaʻi lau waiwai, i kapaia kaʻi lau waiwai o ka pili liluwelo laulā (RBE). Akā, e like me ka mea ua pinepine haawiia e like me ka mea e like ai ololi.

Unit o ke kemu pāhawewe mahele lāʻau hua'ōlelo type ana i loko o Si, o ka sievert (Sv). One Sv mea like i ka AYEIE mahele lāʻau o kekahi pāhawewe i ka paka ma kekahi kilogram o liluwelo kumu a me ka'aʻaʻa ke kumu no ka hookoia like no 1 Gy pāhawewe waiū o ka photon type. Rem - hoʻohana like extrasystematic ana liluwelo anakahi (like paha) o ke kemu mahele lāʻau. 1 Sv hoʻopili like i hoʻokahi haneri beram.

ʻO ka hoʻokō mahele lāʻau palapala

Na ka hoʻokō mahele lāʻau - he ana o ka waiwai, a ua hoʻohana me ke ana o ka pilikia o ka lōʻihi-huahelu hopena o kanaka waiū, kona kanaka māhele o ke kino, mai'aʻaʻa a pau a me na Aupuni. Kēia i loko o ka oi o kona kanaka radiosensitivity. Na ke kemu pāhawewe mahele lāʻau like no ka huina hoonui o ka liluwelo mahele lāʻau ma kekahi māhele o ke kino ma ka he pāʻumi nā kaʻi lau waiwai.

Ke Kula Kaiapuni 'kanaka nā'aʻaʻa a me nā loko i kekahi pāhawewe susceptibility. Kekahi kino hiki i kekahi waiwai like paha ke kemu mahele lāʻau anakahi malalo paha hanana o ka maʻi 'aʻai ma mua o na mea e ae, no ka mea hoike, i ka manawa o ka maʻi o ka thyroid mea uuku ma mua i loko o ka ia maʻiʻaʻai. No ka mea, kanaka hoʻohana hookupaa kamepiula ololi o ka pāhawewe. CRE - mea he mea e ho oholo i ka mahele lāʻau-ana a me ka pale umauma hoʻokahi hui, a'aʻaʻa. Summary exponent ole ma o ka meaola i ka hoʻokō mahele lāʻau he pōpilikia ma ka hoonui i ka helu e like me ka liluwelo mahele lāʻau CRC kekahi hui, nā'aʻaʻa.

I ka manaʻo o ka like mahele lāʻau

Aia He He manaʻo o ke omo o ka mahele lāʻau o ka pūʻulu i mea i ka huina o na aiee kanaka o ka ai iiiaanoaa o ka hoʻokō nā māhele o ka kekahi pūʻulu o nā kanaka no i kekahi wā o ka manawa. Ho hiki ke hana ia no kekahi noho, mai i holoʻokoʻa aina a me âinapuni. No keia awelika ua hoonuiia ma ka pono ka mahele lāʻau, a me ka huina helu o ka poe kauwa paku ole ia i ka pāhawewe. Oia inideka ua anaia ke kemu mahele lāʻau ka hoʻohana 'ana i ke kanaka-sievert (Sv O nā.).

Ma waho aʻeo ia ka luna pepa o ke kemu mahele lāʻau, hoʻokaʻawale hou, kommitmentnuyu, paepae, collectively, e pale aku, kali, ka liluwelo mahele lāʻau neutron gamma type pāhawewe-lethal palena iki.

Ka hopena o ka mahele lāʻau a me ka pa alima

irradiation pinepine 'anakahi - i ka hakahaka o kekahi mau' mahele lāʻau o ka pāhawewe ma lalo o ka aoao o kekahi o ka manawa ana mokuna. Kēia waiwai ka hoʻomaopop 'ana i loko o ke koena unuhi mahele lāʻau (like paha ke kemu listen'ōlelo.) Hewa' ana o ka manawa mokuna. He nui hana mau papahana huahelu.

Ke kemu mahele lāʻau o ka pāhawewe ua nānā 'ia e ka haʻilula, a he kupono kekahiʻano o ke kemu pāhawewe nui o ka pāhawewe (liluwelo, ke kemu, exhibition, etc.). Ua nui aoao o ka helu ana ia me ka nānā 'ana ma kekahi makemakika kumu, a me kekahi, e kaha huahelu hoʻohana. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike o ka huahelu huahelu i:

1. Integral palapala - Hinahina-kilogram i loko o ka Si'ōnaehana ua anaia mai ka manawa i rad-nā huna.
2. Like keʻano - sievert i loko o ka Si'ōnaehana ua anaia mai ka manawa - ma rems.
3. Waiūʻano - lei'ā'ī-kilogram i loko o ka Si'ōnaehana ua anaia mai ka manawa - ma ka X-kukuna.

Aia nō 'ē aʻe, e kaha huahelu e like me nā ano o ka ke kemu pāhawewe mahele lāʻau.

mea, ua ulu

Ke kālailai kēia mau 'atikala, ua hiki ke manao nei makou, ua nui nāʻano, a me nā ka ionizing-manao a me ka ano o kona hopena ma luna o ka waiwai o ka Animated a me ka mea ola' ano. A pau o ia i ana, e like me ka rula, ma Si huahelu, a me nā 'ano kēlā hoʻopili like i ka kekahi'ōnaehana a me ka' ole-nenoaiu ana pa alima. Kumu o ia hiki e loa ai e lauwili, o ka poe ma kona ano maoli a me kaʻimi hoʻopunipuni, a me ka pāhawewe iho Radio liluwelo kūlana ano nui i.