Nā Papahana no ka titrimetric Ka Ikepili. titrationʻAno. mākau kemika

Nā Papahana no ka mea titrimetric Ka Ikepili ua puunaueia e like me kaʻano o ka titration, a me ka Nine Inch reactions mea i koho e hooholo i ka waiwai (ke keʻena). Ma kēia kemika maopopo i ka laupaʻi a me ka qualitative Ka Ikepili.

ano o ka Mea Maluna

Nā Papahana titrimetric Ka Ikepili wae i ka ua Nine Inch naoh. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka 'ano o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN, aia no i ka mahele i loko o kaawale titrimetric manao paa o? Ueo.

Nā Papahana O Ka Ikepili:

• Redox titration; hana ma muli o ka loli ma ka'okesaside moku'āina o nā kumumea i loko o ka mea.
• Complex ho okumu mea he luna 'Nine Inch naoh.
• ʻakika-kumu titration komo ai i ka piha neutralization o na reactants.

neutralization

ʻakika-kumu titration e leie aku e hooholo i ka nui o'okanikaʻole nāʻakika (alkalimetry), a compute he kumu (atsidimetriya) i loko o ka makemake pāʻoihana. Ma hope o kēia ke kaʻina hana no ka analyte reacting me ka paʻakai. I ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka ke aloha nā'uheheʻe (acetone, ka waiʻona) ka mea, ua hiki ke hooholo hou waiwai.

complexation

He aha ka ka pā like o ke ano o ka titration Ka Ikepili? Hoomaopopo ana i manaoia waiwai ma ke kimu ole o ka makemake ion like me ka liilii wailana hui ai kona paa ana ma little- dissociated luna '.

Redoksimetriya

'okesaside-ka ho'ēmiʻana titration ua ma muli o ka ka ho'ēmiʻana a me ka'okesaside reactions. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka titrant mea kemikala pāʻoihana ma ka analytic kemika loaʻa hou:

• permanganometry, a ua muli ma ka hoʻohana 'ana o ka potasiuma permanganate;
• iodometry, a ua muli ma ka'okesaside o ka iodine, e like me ka hoihoi hou ia ana o iodide Ion;
• bihromatometriyu i kaʻenehana potasiuma dichromate'okesaside;
• bromatometry muli ma ka'okesaside o potasiuma bromate.

Redox epekema titrimetric Ka Ikepili a me nā mea keʻano o ka hanaʻana i cerimetry, titanometriya, vanadometriya. Ka mea, Komo'okesaside a me ka ho'ēmiʻana o ka like metala Ion.

By titration hana

Aia He He Mea Maluna titrimetric Ka Ikepili epekema ke kaumaha ma muli o ka hana o ka titration. Ma ka pololeiʻano titrated i ho'ākāka 'ion i koho mea kemikala pāʻoihana. Kaʻina hakahaka titration iaoiaeii ua muli ma ka hoomaopopo ana i ka equivalence wahi lolelua ka i loko o ke alo o Nine Inch i huiʻia. Titration o ke koena (inverse iaoia) e hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka hihia ma ia mea paakiki eʻohi i ka malamalama, a no hoi ma ke kali pele o Nine Inch AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN. No ka laʻana, ma ka hoomaopopo ana i ka pōhaku paʻapuna pono hana a ua malamaia lakou nei, kaupaona iho la oi aku ka nui o ka maʻamau pāʻoihana o hydrochloricʻakika.

manaʻo nui Ka Ikepili

All ki ina hana like o ka titration Ka Ikepili paipai:

• mau hoʻoholo o ka buke o kekahi a me kela a me keia o na reacting Nine Inch;
• i ke alo o titrated pāʻoihana, ma i ke kaʻina hana ua hoʻokō titration;
• ka loaʻaʻana Ka Ikepili.

Titrating i ke kumu o ka mākau kemika, no laila ia mea nui, e noonoo i ke kumu o hana i hoʻokō i ka hoʻokolohua. Kēia māhele ua pili loa aku i kela la i keia hana. Ole me kekahi manaʻo e pili ana i ke alo o ka maka mea a me nā huahana meaʻano nui eiiiiiaiou a me impurities, ia mea paakiki i ka manaʻo i ka? Iecaianoaaiiie kaula i loko o ka mea lāʻau lapaʻau, Nine Inch a me metallurgical hana. Paʻa o nā mākau kemika e hoʻohana e hoʻoponopono i luna 'aneiai nīnūnē.

Research Nā Papahana ma mākau kemika

Ka hana kemika o ka 'epekema a hoomaopopo ana i ka ke keʻena a me ka waiwai. Kumu titrimetric Ka Ikepili - ki ina hana like i hoʻohana ai no ka ho okolohua. Me kā lākou kōkua, ke kanaka noiʻi manao o ka haku mele 'ana o ka waiwai, ka laupaʻi maʻiʻo o na wahi kanaka. Ua mea i hiki iloko o ka mākau mea o loko, e kuhikuhi i ke degere o ka'okesaside, i mea he ke keʻena o ka hoʻokolohua waiwai. I ka Mea Maluna o ka mākau ano o kemika i loko o no, i ke ano o ka hana ka mea, ua manao iho la e hana. E ana i ka hū o ka kūpono koena hoʻohana i ka gravimetric iaoia o ka noiʻi. I ka wā o ka pinepine 'mea o loko pāʻoihana pono photometric Ka Ikepili. I ka nui o ka EMF manao ma ka potentiometry constituent eiiiiiaiou o ka mahele ka lapaʻauʻia. Ke titration curves hōʻikeʻike hana hoʻokolohua.

Mahele o ka mākau ki ina hana like

Inā pono, hana ma ka mākau kemika physicochemical, Classic (Nine Inch) a me ka physical ki ina hana like. Ma Nine Inch ano mau hoomaopopo titrimetric a me gravimetric Ka Ikepili. Nā kiʻina hana i panina, a no ka maluhiluhi, e hoʻomano hoʻohana i ka mākau kemika. Ke kaupaona (gravimetric) iaoia komo ai 'ike i ka nui o ka waiwai a me kona constituent eiiiiiaiou, a ua kaʻawale ma ka noho maemae, a me kekahi i loko o ka palapala o insoluble i huiʻia. Volume (titrimetric) Ka Ikepili iaoiaeii ua muli ma ka hoomaopopo ana i ka nui o ka mea kemikala hoʻopau i loko o ka Nine Inch naoh ua ia ma ka ike lehulehu. Aia He He mahele o Nine Inch, a physical epekema i mau hui:

• 'ōnohi (spectral);
• electrochemical;
• radiometric;
• chromatography;
• nuipa spectrometry.

Specificity titration like

Kēia māhele o ka mākau kemika komo ai ana i ka nui o ka mea kemikala i ua koi 'ia no ka piha Nine Inch naoh me ka ike nui o ka waiwai. Ke pā like ana o ke kaʻina hana o ia ka pāʻoihana o ka hoao ana waiwai ua hou dropwise i ka mea kemikala o ikeia lehulehu. Ohui ia mau like loa me ke dala ka mea makemake ole e like me ka nui o ka waiwai i reacts me ia. Kēia papa hana mau hiʻohiʻona nō ke kiʻekiʻe mämä holo i ka ho omaulia ma laupaʻi mākau kemika.

E like me ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālāʻano hana e noonoo pono i ka 'ōlelo Palani nä känaka' epekema Māhū lusakite. Ka waiwai a hehee ai, me ka nānā 'ana ma o ka hāpana, haawiia keia i like me ka analyte. Mawaena o lakou i e Ion, nā'ātoma, ooieoeiiaeuiiai pūʻulu e paa ana noa radicals. Reagents haawiia gaseous, wai, paa waiwai, a reacts me ka ua Nine Inch. Kaʻina podlivaniem titration mea kekahi pāʻoihana i kekahi ma lalo a eia i hui pu iaʻi. A elue no ka pomaikai o ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻohana 'ana o ka titration pāʻoihana a me ka paʻa lehulehu (titrant). No ka ho omaulia i hoʻohana normality o ka pāʻoihana, a laila, i ka helu o ka gram-hoʻokoe o ka mea na ka 1 hano o ka pāʻoihana. Titration curves kūkuluʻia ma hope o ke ana.

Nine hui a hehee wale launa pū 'ana i pono-i ho'ākāka' kaumaha dala e like me kā lākou gram-hoʻokoe.

Nā kinolau hoomakaukau titrant, mai ke kaumaha o ka hoʻomaka mea

E like me ke ano mua o ka hoʻomākaukau i ka pāʻoihana me ka hoʻoholo ma mua lehulehu (titer i ho'ākāka ') hiki ke noʻonoʻo pololei hāpana kaumaha noho male' ana i loko o ka wai, a me kekahi'ūheheʻe, a nāu i ka hoomakaukau pāʻoihana a hiki i ka makemake noi. Ke titer o ka kūpono mea kemikala hiki ke kau ia ma ka ike kaumaha o ke gula i huiʻia me ka leo o ka hoʻopau 'ana i kākoʻo pāʻoihana. Kēia kaʻina hana i hoʻohana 'ia no ka makaukau o ka titrated pāʻoihana mau Nine Inch i hiki ke loaa ia ma ka palapala maemae, ka haku mele' ana o ka i, aole ia e hoʻololi i hooloihi ae i waho pūnaewele. Waiwai i hoʻohana no ka he paumi na hue i hoʻohana i ke poʻi paa. Kēia hana o ka hoomakaukau ana i ka pāʻoihana i ole e pono no ka waiwai me kiʻekiʻe hygroscopicity, a hoi i ka hui i komo i loko o Nine Inch AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN me ka kalapona monoxide (4).

Ka lua o ka 'enehana o ka makaukau o titrated pāʻoihana hoʻohana ma ka hana kūikawā Nine Inch mea kanu, ma ka kūikawā keʻena hoʻokolohua. Ua Ua nānā 'ana i ka hoʻohana' ana i waho e neʻe kaupaona dala o ka paa, he huina lakou e like me ka hoʻohana 'ana o kekahi pāʻoihana me ka normality. Waiwai ua hoonoho iho la ma ka aniani hue, laila, kau ihola. O ka waiwai i mea maloko aniani hue, i kapaʻia fiksanaly. I ka lawe ana mai i ka pololei hoʻokolohua ampule mea kemikala, mai hemo mai ma luna o ka funnel, a i ka hālāwai hope noonoo. Eia, o ka ke keʻena holoʻokoʻa ua Neʻe i loko o ka volumetric alabata, hahai ma ka hou ana o ka wai, he pono nui o ka hana pāʻoihana.

Titration ua i hoʻohana 'ia ka algorithm o ka hana. piha Burette me ka hana pāʻoihana hoomakaukau ai i ka 'Aʻohe no laila, i ka kolalo no hoi olaila uaʻaʻole ea Oe. Next, e ana i ka pipette pāʻoihana e e ua kālailai, a laila ka mea, ua waiho i loko o ka conical alabata. I hoʻohuiʻia ia mea, a me he mau kulu o ke anakahi. Ke kiʻekiʻe, ka mea pau pāʻoihana ua hou dropwise mai ka burette hana pāʻoihana ua hoʻonānā no ka waihoʻoluʻu loli. A hiki i ka pilina paʻaʻano, a 'aʻole i nalo hope 5-10 kekona, e hoahewa i ka pau' ana o ka titration kaʻina. Next ke hoomau aku i ka helu, i ka i ka ho omaulia ana o ka buke o na kana a pāʻoihana a hiki i ka hoʻoholo ma mua lehulehu, e hopena a ma luna o ia mea.

ka hopena

Titration apono 'e hooholo laupaʻi, a qualitative haku mele' ana o ka analyte. Kēia hana o ka mākau kemika e pono no keʻano o ka hana, ka mea, ua hoʻohana 'ia ma ka oihana lapaau, pharmaceutics. I ka wa koho o ka hana pāʻoihana ua koi 'ia e iho e olelo hoakaka o kona Nine Inch waiwai e like me hana e lilo insoluble hui aʻo waiwai.