I ka loaʻa o ke radioactivity.

Mōʻaukala ike ia mau hihia, ka wā nui i ka manaʻo nui e hele mai nä känaka 'epekema accidentally. Ua hiki e wahi ana i na Palani physicist Anri Bekkerelyu, i hoʻomaopopo i ka 1896 o ka loaʻa o ka radioactivity. Ke kumu no ka mālama nei i ka ho okolohua ua e noiʻi i B. Roentgen X-kukuna. Ma keia hihia, ke nä känaka 'epekema i ka mea mahuʻi i ka mea, i ua hoʻopili i ka kŰia o ka luminescence. A paha, i kēiaʻano o ka luminescence mea hiki ole me ka cathode kukuna.

Becquerel Hoʻoholo ihola e noiʻi i ke kuhiakau i imua ma ka V. Roentgen. He kahaha ina paha luminescent substance hoʻokuʻu akula na kukuna me ka hiki e komo iloko ma ke opaque paku. No ka pane i kēia nīnau, Becquerel i kekahi kiʻi papa wahi iho la i konaʻeleʻele ho film, hahao i paakai lole komoʻuʻuku nona uranium keleawe kea, a hoonoho iho la i loko o ka lā. Kekahi manawa ma hope,ʻo ia hoike mai i ka ho film. Ua huli mai ia ia uaʻeleʻele i loko o ia mau wahi ma laila ua kea. Kēia i hōʻike mai i ka uranium mea hiki ke hoʻomakaʻia ka pāhawewe maalo ae la oia ma opaque mea, a hana ma kekahi kiʻi una. I ia manawa, Becquerel manaoio ana i ke kumu no ka glow o ka uranium - ka lā.

Ma hope o kekahi manawa, i ke nä känaka 'epekema nō e' oe i ka hoʻokolohua. Akā, i kēia manawa overcast ke anuenue ka ino ia ia, e hoʻomaka i ka mahele. Becquerel i ia i ka una honua i loko oʻeleʻele wrapper me ke keʻa i loko o ka pouli keena mehameha no ka lā. I ka wā o ka physicist hōʻike kiʻi ho film, ka mea i loaʻa ia, oiai i loko o ka pouli, ka mea, uaʻeleʻele he hailona oi ma mua o ka wā olohelohe ia lakou i ka la. A ina hookolokolo i ka nui helu o Nine Inch i huiʻia, Becquerel loaʻa i hoʻokuʻu akula kukuna e komo iloko ma ka pouli pepa, e hiki wale waiwai i loko o ka haku mele 'ana o ka i loaʻa ka uranium. Mai ka loaʻa o ka radioactivity i hana

A laila, i kēia kŰia i ua pono? Anoee e kana wahine Mariey Sklodovskoy a me Pierre Curie. Ka loaʻa o ka radioactivity i ke kumu no ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana i na mea he nui' ē hehee wale. Pierre a me Marie ikeia e na mea he nui o na Nine Inch e hiki o K'lauea kaola o ekolu nā manaʻo: Hoʻokolohua, alpha, gamma -. Ka mea, i ua loa? Anoee ka kŰia o radioactivity, i kona penetrating hiki a me ka hana i loko o kaʻume mākenēki kahua aʻo. Mau discoveries Ua 'ae'ʻepekema, e huli i ka nui, māmā holo a me kaʻoihana o ka (particles) e e i ka malamalama.

Nā haʻawina i i nui discoveries i loko o ka mahinaʻai o ke kālaikūlohea. Ua Ua loaʻa i ka Ia kini ke, alpha kukuna o kŘpa a kaumaha (particles), i ka māmā holo o ka i 16 tausani kilomika no kekona. Kēlā me kēia no ia i mau maikaʻi uila malama a me ka mai he nui. Ke kumu o ka Hoʻokolohua-kukuna - electrons, a negatively hoopiiia malamalama hehee wale. Lākou māmā oi ma mua o 300 tausani kilomika no kekona ihoiho. A gamma-na kukuna ma luna o ka 'ole e like i ka X-Ray. A iki ma hope, physicists ua loaʻa he mau oi hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo. Ua Ua loaʻa i ke Hoʻokolohua-K'lauea paha, alpha (particles), nā'ātoma o kekahi Nine Inch hehee hiki ke huli i loko o 'ē aʻe.

Ke ao ana o na mea i eliia, a ua he hapa o ka thorium a me ka uranium, ua wehe loa hou,ʻaʻole mua? Anoee Nine Inch hehee ai. Kona inoa - piha - ka mea, ua i loko o ka hanohano o Maria ka hale aupuni - Poland. A wahi hope physicists wehe i kekahi radioactive hehee ai - radium (radiant). Kēia ke keʻena Ua anao? Aou 'ano ikaika o ka pāhawewe. Table radium Mendeleev me ka'ātoma kaumaha o 226, 88 noho aeea. A iki ma hope, ka mea i hooholoia e ka Nine Inch hehee wale, ke kaʻina helu, ua oi aku 83, ma ke ano maoli, ua radioactive, i ka mea hiki ke e pili ana pāhawewe spontaneously.

I ka 1903, na Curies no ka loaʻa o ka radioactivity i ua hookoia ka Nobel uku. Mariya Sklodovskaya lilo ka mua wahine Kumu. Mahalo iā ia, i loko o ka Sorbonne University papa ma luna o ke ao o ka radioactivity ua mua hoʻolauna.