He aha ka ka Nine Inch reactors? Kind o Nine Inch reactors

Ke Nine Inch naoh mea he kaʻina hana i hiki aku ai i ka huli ana o na reactants. Ua Ua wehewehe aku e loli, a haawi mai i kekahi a oi huahana'ē aʻe ma mua o hoʻomaka. Nine reactions i like. Ua hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka 'ano o reactants, ka kūpono waiwai, i nā kūlana a me ka manawa o ka hoʻololi kemikala, decomposition, pohupani hale, isomerization,ʻakika-mekala' åkilikai, redox, etc. a me ke aloha keʻano o ka hanaʻana.

Nine reactors i pahu i manao ia no ka lawe ana mai i ka reactions ma ka mea e hoʻomohala i ka huahana hope loa. Ko lakou manao hilinaʻi nui ma luna o kekahi mau aʻe, a e hoʻolako i ka i kā mākou hua o ka hapanui kāki ka hoʻokō ano.

ano

Aia i ekolu papa kuhikuhiE walaʻauʻana Ke Ana Hoʻohālike o Nine Inch reactors:

• 'ōhui.
• Ana hooeueuia pahu (HPM).
• Polokalamu mākaʻikaʻi-pele mīkini'ātoma (PFR).

Mau kumu o Ke Ana Hoʻohālike hiki ke Hoʻololi 'ia ma kulike ai me na olelo o ka Nine Inch kaʻina.

'ōhui mīkini'ātoma

Ke Nine Inch huahelu o kēia 'ano i hoʻohana' ia i loko o'ōhui keʻano o ka hanaʻana i ka meaʻuʻuku, a unahiʻole? Iecaianoaaiiie, he lōʻihi naoh manawa a me kahi o ka maikaʻi loa selectivity ua loaʻa, e like me ia ma kekahi polymerization keʻano o ka hanaʻana.

No keia mea, no ka laʻana, kahi o ka a i ka luuluu loa kuhiliʻole kila moku maloko hana kōmi 'ana, kinoea Oe a ma ka mea o EII ni. Mahana hoʻoholo ua lawe mai Via wela mail nā lakeke, nenoaio i? Refrigerators a pumping ma ka wela poe kuai.

'ōhui reactors a ianoiyuaa a hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka Nine Inch a me ka meaʻai aaioee na hana. Kā lākou hana nona iho a me kaʻoi loa hana ka manaʻo pohihihi, no ka mea, he pono ke hui pu iho ana a me ka discrete keʻano o ka hanaʻana.

Kalaka nui-'ōhui Nine Inch reactors hui pu iho la ka hana i loko o ke ana a me ka'ōhui 'ole. A bioreactor, no kekahi laʻana, ua kekahi manawa ukana a noke ke hookuu aku oia i carbon dioxide, a pono e noke wehe. Like me, ka wā o ka chlorination naoh, ka wā kekahi o na reactants mea chlorine kinoea, ināʻaʻole lawelawe noke, ka bulk o ia evaporates.

E hōʻoia 'nui? Iecaianoaaiiuo puke i hoʻohana kuhikuhi Nine Inch reactors ole ana metala moku me ka stirrer a he ana pele.

Ana hooeueuia pahu mīkini'ātoma

wai reactants i hānai i ka kuhiliʻole kila ipu. E hōʻoia 'kupono AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o kā lākou e hana ana i ke kōmi', hookonokono lakou. Pela, i loko o kēia 'ano o ka mīkini'ātoma na reactants e noke hanai aku i loko o ka? Aieeeua mua (vertical, kila), a laila, e komo i loko o ka hope, ka poʻe akahele hoʻohuihui ana ma kela a me keia moku. Oiai o ka haku mele 'ana o ka läÿau, meaʻaʻahu ma kēlā me kēia pahu i loko o ka'ōnaehana me he okoa lehulehu loli aʻe mai ka ipu i ka ipu.

Ka awelika huina o ka manawa i ka discrete dala o ka reactant ka hāhai i loko o ka pahu (noho manawa) hiki ke pōpilikia wale ma ka mahele ana i ka buke o ka ipu ma ka awelika volumetric ana o ka pele therethrough. I manaoia pakeneka o ka pau 'ana o ka naoh he pōpilikia ka hoʻohana' ana i ka Nine Inch kinetics.

I ka kuhiliʻole kila poʻina nalu a oka a pau a me ka enamelled.

Kekahi mea nui, ao ke ano o ka DMI

All hoʻomaulia ua mālamaʻia ma muli o ka maikaʻi Mix. Ke naoh puka mai ma ka uku pili i ka lehulehu hope. Ma equilibrium, ke kahe ana, e like me ke kahe ana, i ole ia ka piha a nele i ka? Aieeeua.

Pinepine hoʻokele waiwai mea eʻoi aʻe, e hana me kekahi mau pūkaʻina a laua HPM. Kuhiliʻole kila poʻina nalu i ohi ia i loko o ka cascade o elima a eono 'iniha, ke hele me ka polokalamu mākaʻikaʻi pele mīkini'ātoma. Ua apono 'ka mea mua alima, e hana me ka lehulehu ma luna o nā reagents, a, nolaila, he kiekie naoh kōmi. Nō hoʻi, ke? Aieeeua i e waiho vertical kila HPM kekahi mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao, kahi o na keʻano o ka hanaʻana mālama 'ia i loko o na moku likeʻole.

Ma papamoe multistage hooko pa alima i pohā e vertical paku paia o kekahi kiʻekiʻe, ma i ka läÿau, kahe cascades.

I ka wā o nā reactants i poorly miscible paha kūpono kou oko ma ka pa apŘ o ka vertical multistage mīkini'ātoma (aniani-hoalaala ole kuhiliʻole kila) he countercurrent pololei i loko. He mana no reversible reactions.

Ka mea liʻiliʻi fluidized moe nō hoʻi ia moʻolelo hui. Nui kalepa fluidized-moe mīkini'ātoma mai he kūpono kouʻaʻahu wela akā, miscible Blend, a piʻi aʻela moku'āina a me ka transient kahe therebetween.

Nine pele mīkini'ātoma

PFR - he mīkini'ātoma (kuhiliʻole kila), ai ka kekahi a oi kinowai reactants i EII ni ma kekahi paipu a Tube. Ka mea, i kekahi kapa omo pele. Ua hiki i mau paipu a me paipu. Nā reactants i hānai noke ma kekahiʻaoʻao, a me nā huahana mai, mai kekahi. Nine keʻano o ka hanaʻana lawe wahi me ka mea hala ae ukuhiia.

Ka PFR naoh māmā holo ʻano piʻina'ōnaehana: i ka muliwai o loa kiʻekiʻe, akā, me ka ka ho'ēmiʻana i loko o ka lehulehu o reactants a me huahana hua māhuahua maʻiʻo 'aʻole hoʻi kona māmā holo. Nō kāu, hōʻeuʻeu equilibrium ua loaʻa.

Typical nō ka papamoe, a vertical kohoʻia o ka mīkini'ātoma.

A hiki aku ka mea koi wela hoololiia ana, na paipu kanaka e hoonoho iho i loko o ka lākeke a iwi a me ka şarkı wela poe kuai ua i hoʻohana. Ma ka hope hihia, na Nine Inch i e kekahi i loko o ka hale noho ai i loko o ka ohe.

Ipu o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia me ka nui anawaena nozzles a like bathtubs PFR a me ka hoʻomano i hoʻohana. Ma kekahi kŰia ke kau hoʻohana iho a me ka kahahānai pele, mau membranes me noniakahi wela poe kuai moni, papamoe a vertical kulana o ka mīkini'ātoma, a no laila, ma luna o.

Moku me ka mea kemikala i ke hoopihaia me ka inert paha catalytic particulate mea e hoʻonui ai i ka interfacial hui 'ana ma o ka heterogeneous naoh.

Ke ano nui o ka PFR mea i ka ho mai i lawe i loko o ka nui o ka vertical paha papamoe paʻipaʻiʻia ai - keia mea i manaoia ma ka makahiki "polokalamu pele". Nā reactants hiki ke hoʻolauna i loko o ka mīkini'ātoma ole wale i ka muliwai. Pela, e mea hiki ke hoʻokō kiekie ka hoʻokōʻana o ka EPA a ho'ēmi i kona nui a me ka waiwai e lilo aku. Auana PSC Ua IeAUPIIe, IAa IO oi aku ma mua ia o ka NRM o ka ia ka leo. No ka like cia o ka leo a me ka manawa i loko o ka naoh kuʻe reactors e i ka pakeneka oi aku o ka pau 'ana ma mua o ka' Ohi a hoʻohuihui.

hōʻeuʻeu equilibrium

No ka hapanui o Nine Inch keʻano o ka hanaʻana mea ole ke hoʻokō '100 hapahaneri paʻaʻana. Lākou māmā emi me ka mahuahua keia inideka mai a hiki i ka manawa, i ka wa o ka'ōnaehana i hōʻeuʻeu equilibrium (ka wā o ka huina muli paha loli i loko o ka haku mele 'ana, aole ia i hoʻomaka ai) ihoiho. Ka wahi o ka equilibrium i loko o ka hapanui nenoai ka emi o 100% pau 'ana o ke kaʻina hana. No keia kumu ka mea, he mea pono ia e ke kaʻawale kaʻina hana e like me distillation, e hookaawale i ka reagents i koe a ma-nā huahana o ka pale umauma hoʻokahi. Mau reagents hiki i kekahi manawa ke hoʻohana hou 'ia i loko o ka hoʻomaka o ke kaʻina hana, e laʻa me, e like me ka Haber kaʻina.

Ke noi o ka EPA

Polokalamu mākaʻikaʻi pele reactors hoʻohana no ka Nine Inch huli ana o ka hui i kā lākou mau ana ma ka'ōnaehana, ua like no me ke Tube, no ka mea o ka nui-me ka unahiʻole, e hoʻokēʻai ai, homogeneous paha heterogeneous reactions, ana? Iecaianoaaiiuo keʻano o ka hanaʻana a me ka wā opa nui dala o ka wela.

Ka mea maikaʻi PFR i kekahi paʻa noho manawa, 'o ia hoʻi, kekahi kinowai (kuʻe) hiki i manawa t, e waiho i manawa k + τ, kahi τ - .. e noho manawa i loko o ka mea kanu.

Nine reactors o kēia 'ano noho kiʻekiʻe pae o ka hana ma ÿö manawa o ka manawa, e like me ka maikai wela hoololi. Ke keakea o PFR o ka pilikia o ka mālamaʻana i ke ana wela o ke kaʻina hana i hiki ke alakai i undesirable ka mahana oko ao, a me kā lākou kāki kiʻekiʻe.

catalytic reactors

Oiai huahelu o kēia 'ano e pinepine hoʻokō i loko o ka palapala o ka EPA, ka mea e noi hou luna' malama. I ka uku o ka catalytic naoh ka hapaʻauhau i ka nui o ka hōʻeleu i ka hui 'ana me Nine Inch. Ma ka hihia o ka paa hōʻeleu a me ka wai a reactant mea hapaʻauhau i ka mämä holo o ka keʻano o ka hanaʻana i loaʻa wahi, i ke komo ana o Nine Inch a me nā huahana, a me ke koho hilinaʻi nui ma ke alo o ka māpuna hui pu iaʻi.

Ke catalytic naoh mea nae pinepine he nunui-ʻanuʻu. 'Aʻole wale nō i ka loiloi mua reactants pane koke me ka hōʻeleu. Me ia i pane koke a me kekahi o nā kula waena.

I ka hana o na catalysts mea i nui i loko o ka kinetics o kēia kaʻina hana, o ka oi aku ma kiʻekiʻe petrochemical reactions, e like me ka mea i deactivated ma sintering, coking a me ka like me keʻano o ka hanaʻana.

Noi o ka 'ike loea hou

SAR ua hoʻohana 'ia no ka huli ana o ka biomass. Ma ka ho okolohua o kiʻekiʻe puʻe reactors i hoʻohana. Ka puʻe i loko o ia hiki a hiki i 35 MPa. E ho ohana mau nui like 'ole, e ĸokoĸa ana nä pane i ka noho manawa mai ka 0.5 hiki i 600 kekona. E hiki mahana ma ka oi o ka 300 ° C ua hoʻohana 'ia me ka uila' enaʻena reactors. biomass hānai ua hana ma ka HPLC-EII ni.

PSC aerosol nanoparticles

Aia He nui hoihoi i loko o ka hoʻololi kemikala, a me ka hoʻohana 'ana o nanoparticles no kela hana, me kiʻekiʻe oka a pau, a me ka manoanoa Auana conductors no na uila no hana. Other noi nā ana oʻume mākenēki susceptibility, EYI i loko o ka mamao welaʻula, a nukeleaʻume mākenēki resonance. No kēia mau nenoai ka mea, ua pono i ka paka i ka lāʻau huna nui. Lākou anawaena ana ma ka laulā o ka 10 a hiki i 500 HI.

Manawa i ko lakou nui, a me ka shape kiʻekiʻe kekahi 'ili āpana o kēia mau (particles) Hiki ke hoʻohana' ia no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka mea hoʻonani pigments, membranes, catalysts, pālolo, catalytic a me ka photocatalytic reactors. Noi examples o nanoparticles nā SnO ₂ no ka kalapona monoxide nā mea e loaʻa ka mea nalo, lilo ₂ olona, SiO ₂ colloidal ka silica i a me ka'ōnohi olona, C no ka kalapona fillers ma ka papale hainaka, Fe no ka hoʻopaʻa i nā puke, Ni o na pu ki, a, ma ka liʻiliʻi dala, palladium, makanekiuma a bismuth. Pau kēia mau mea i synthesized ma ka aerosol reactors. I ka lapaau, e hoʻohana nanoparticles no ka Kāohiʻana a me ka hana o ka wahī ihola nā mea palahēhē,ʻimi hoʻopunipuni iwi implants, e like me ka kiʻi o ka lolo.

Eia kekahi laʻana? iecaianoaaiiuo

No ka alumina (particles) ma lalo o ka argon kahawai, paʻa kūhohonu loa me ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia ua ho'ēmi i loko o ka RAC 18 mm o ka anawaena a 0.5 m + lōʻihi, ka mahana 1600 ° C ma 1000 ° C / s. E like me ke kinoea hooholo ma ka mīkini'ātoma mai nucleation a me ka ulu ana o alumina (particles). Ke kahe ana o ka 2 dm ³ / min a me ka manaʻo koikoi mea 1 atm (1013 Pa). E like me ke kinoea ua ho'ēmi a me ka neʻeʻana i supersaturated, e hiki aku ai i ka muli o (particles) mai ka hookui hookahe koko ana a me ka ohu nā lātoma i hai hou a ke huna i kekahi pilikia nui ihoiho. E like me ka mea kolo ana ma ka kinoea supersaturated Aluminum nā lātoma Punk ma ka (particles), mahuahua ko lakou nui.