Electronic hana o Rusia. Ka hooulu ana o ka uila no hana

Na wahi lulu uila no ka hana ua lanakila lāua ma luna o ka hapa-kenekulia lā hoʻomanaʻo. Ua i kona kêia kanaka i loko o ka Soviet Union, a me ka wā ma laila i ka ho okumu ana o na alakai noiʻi-oaio? A, a kiʻekiʻe-ʻenehana hana. Mākou e noho ana ma ke alanui, a me ka piʻi aku, a oblivion. I keia manawa, i ka papa kōnane hoʻonohonoho o? Acaeoey o ka uila no hana mai i ka 2025, e like me ka pono me ka hoʻokō 'ia he ami polokalamu o ka Union State "Ke kumu."

locomotive hana

Uila no hiki ke hoohalikeia me ka "oho cardinal" o ka hoʻokele waiwai - Aey? Acaeoey i loko o kēia wahi kākaʻikahi Ua wehi i ka headlines, akā, kona ulu hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka global moku'āina o na hanalima hana, a me kou hana. No ka maluhia kumu, e hiki ole mau hana i ka eiiiiiaiou o na hoa, a me ka? Aneiai pomaikai o ka wahi lulu huahana ua maopopo. He ole coincidence i loko o ka manawa o ka USSR Kuhina o Electronic hana hana me ka na kanaka nunui Microelectronics me "Micron", "integral", "he", "Zenith", "Lomo", "E mau ke-mamao launa pu," a me na mea e ae.

I hala a me ka wā e hiki mai

Ma ka Soviet Union i hoopuehu mai ai i na uila no ka hana e hana ma luna o ka nui ?? eoi? Ee,ʻano nui i loko o ka Europa hapa o Rusia, Belarus a me Ukraine. I ka Ia manawa, ka mea i hana i ka hookahi interconnected eiiieaen, a oki ae la ia nei me ka'opi o ka Union.

Ma ka "ulupaia 90" ka uie kekahi hapanui hewahewa o Lūkini poʻe hana kūikawā ma ka mea kona Loaʻaʻia nalowale. Electronic hana i loko o Rusia Ua pili kēia, uaʻelua mai: ola wale ka undisputed alihi kaua o JSC «Research Institute o hakakino uila no" a kanu "Micron" OJSC ( "Micron") a me JSC "Angstrom", ke aupuni 'o Zelenograd.

Ma kekahi o ka mea maikai keia mea holo a hiki i Minsk "integral", kākoʻo kino ma ka Pelekikena Lukashenko. Eia naʻe,ʻo ia poho nui kauoha pālua manao. Ua hoemiia ka poe i ka pālākiō o ka-i? iecaianoaaiiuo, akā, mahalo no ke kākoʻo moku'āina a me ka pulakaumaka ma liʻiliʻi-unahiʻole, i na kauoha o ke kiʻekiʻe-ʻenehana huahana mai lulu popilikia nā mea kūʻai mai a me purchasers o lolouila-ke keʻena kumu (ECB) mai nā'āina, e noho Lani.

Mea pōmaikaʻi, ma ka hapalua like-2000s. Russian alakaʻi Ua hoʻomaopopo loa i ka KUMUMANAʻO NUI nui o ka ulu ana o kona mauʻano uilaʻoe, a ma ka 2007 aponoia ka "kou akamai o? Acaeoey o lolouila hana a 2025". Kela manawa, aia no e ahuwale maikaʻi loli i loko o kēia wahi, o ka oi aku i loko o ke koa a me ka makahiki hana a me ka maluhia.

"Ke kumu"

Ma ia laua me ka hooulu ana o ka wahi lulu manaÿo a hemo i ka polokalamu "XIX.", Hoomaopopo ana no ka hoihoi hou ia ana o iao? A? Iecaianoaaiiuo latike ma waena o noiʻi institutes a me nā hana o Rusia a me Belarus loko o ka Union State. A, o ka "kumu" pāhana i kekahi o ka mea kiekie loa nā makakoho, oi? Acaeoey papahana ma ka aerospace, Nine Inch hana, optics,? Iecaianoaaiiie o ke kakolina diesel huahelu, o ka hooulu ana o ka 'ike loea hou kukuna.

I mea, e ola ae la ia i ka lolouila hana o ka USSR - aho paha e olelo, kona Loaʻaʻia. E hilinai ana ma ka olelo hana ma keia Hoʻohana, i ka hoʻohui 'ana o nā initiators e ho'āʻo ana e kākau i ka hou' aoʻao i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka hou ana o ka uilaʻoe, akā, me he Contemporary Ke Kai, venturing i loko o ka submicron māhele 'āina. Ma ka mua 'aneʻi e hoʻonoho KUMUMANAʻO NUI Pahuhopu no mākou Hawaii - ka maluhia a me ka mālama' ana i ka pale aku ia lakou.

haole ka hoao ana

Ia manawa, i ka lolouila hana ana o ke ao nei e neʻe mua ma ka lele pūʻana a me ka pale a. Ma ka US, no kekahi laʻana, uilaʻoe i waiho ai i loko o hua'ōlelo o ka hoʻohuiʻia huahana ma ka wahi mua, mamua o ka ulia kaʻa a me ka maunakea na hana. ʻeleu aupuni kākoʻo no ka hana i Kina, Taiwan, India, Korea, Kēkēmapa, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia. Eia, ua manaoia uilaʻoe i ka hoʻokō une lōhai punohu ana o ke aupuni, nā noʻeau hoʻokele waiwai, a komo i loko o ke ao nei market.

High-ʻenehana hui imi i ka wini kakala keia scientific kuhikuhi, minamina ole bailouts. Kela a me keia makahiki i ka iao? Iiaie oaoieei polokalamu i mai i ka 12 ieeeea dala.

Kū i ke au a me Aey? Acaeoey

Mau noonoo ana ua uku ai i ke kūpono 'ana o ka' ike loea hou iiaciiie-micron manufacturing nui me ka unahiʻole noniakahi wahi i puhi ai (VLSI). Over ka 30-40 makahiki i hala, o ka hehee ai kumu i hele ma kekahi mau hanauna o? Acaeoey: he nui (LSI), nui loa me ka unahiʻole, a ma luna o ke kumu slozhnofunktsionalnye'ōnaehana-ma-inoaia (SoC).

Nā kānaka kālailai Ua lōʻihi kaulana ia i loko o kēia lā o ka honua o ka uila no e hoʻoholo i ka holomua i loko o nā mahinaʻai - .. Hoʻokaʻa ', hana, amo, kele'ōlelo, ola malama, hui panakō a me ka pilina mahinaʻai, koa pono, etc. New loea i loko o ka uila no hana i ae i ka helu o nā'āina, e like me USA, England, Japan, Kelemania, Palani a me na mea e ae, noho mālie i ka levers o ka honua domination: ke koa, oaoieei-, kālā a me ka hana kālai'āina.

Oeuoeaniaeaiaiiii

Ua mea nui i loko o hua'ōlelo o ka global uila no ka hana i hana? Iecaianoaaiiuo aku i ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka maka aila, kakolina a me ka mea pōhaku maka mea ma ka aneane 4.5 manawa, Nine Inch huahana a me nā lula ea Ke - 3 manawa i ka buke o ka ukana - 2,5 manawa,? Iecaianoaaiiuo o ka uila a me ka kinoea - oi ma mua o 2 manawa. Ma ka liʻiliʻi loa ka mea nana maikaʻi, a me ka pōpilikia kāki-laulā o nāʻano uilaʻoe i loko o ke kino'āina:

• kaiaulu ulu ana ekolu mau manawa ma luna ma mua o GDP ka ulu ana;
• awelike payback papahana - 2-3 makahiki;
• hookahi dala waihona kālā e leie aku oe, e loaa mai ana i $ 100 i loko o ka huahana hope loa;
• 1 kg o ka? Inoaia eiiiiiaiou Ua oi ma mua o 100 tona;
• e pili ana i kekahi wahiʻoihana i loko o ka uila no ka hana hiki aku ai i ka haku o ka eha hana i loko o nā hana.

No ke aha la hoʻomōhala uila no

Ma muli o ka hana o ka honua luna, ka mea hiki e ua kūkākūkāʻia i ke kūpono 'ana o ka uila no hana hiki aku ai i ka integral hookoia, oi loa aku ia pono i ka hana. Ua paipai 'ana i ka ulu o ke kiʻekiʻe-ʻenehana huahana, hoʻoikaika' ana i ka ka hoʻokūkū, aʻanoʻenehana pae o ke kamepiula, Kao lele lako kaua me ka aerospace, maunakea, 'enekinia, alanui amo, mīkini, a me na lako a pan.

Puke o? Iecaianoaaiiuo o lolouila eiiiiiaiou i ua steadily e ulu ana, i maopopo ai holomua ma ka loa, olelo pomaikai oia wahi - aerospace a me ka lolouila na hana, nā lopako a me instrumentation, a pela aku ..

Ka uila no hana ana o Rusia a me Belarus

Ua mea ike i ka noho aku, mai kēia mau global keʻano o ka hanaʻana i hiki ole a me ka'āina i loko o ka mua Soviet Union. E haawi makakoho i ke kūpono 'ana o keʻano uilaʻoe, aʻaʻohe emi Popular wahi - microelectronics, e like me ka "mea nui o ka ulu ana" o ka hoʻokele waiwai a me ka lahui maluhia, ua i ka hopena o ka hui hana i loko o ka? Aieao o ka Union State.

Paʻa o ka laulima a me ka hoʻokō olelo hooholo o ka hana i loko o microelectronics hou me he makakoho hanalima kaiaulu a me ka hana hou mea uholo uila manao maalea ma ka Lūkini-Hawaiian hehee ai-ma muli ke keʻena o ka Union papahana waiho "microsystems", "Base", "Pramen".

National uila no ka hana i loaa i ka hoʻonui: hoʻomohala ōlaʻi i o ka hapa ano o functionally-hana kūikawā microelectronic huahana, ke pili lahui hae. I ka 2013, oia pau kekahi nui pāhana me ke komo 'ana o ka poe akamai i a me nā kānakaʻepekema o ko mākou'āina - ka polokalamu "Design a me ka ulu ana o ka moʻo o noniakahi wahi i puhi ai a me ka mea uholo uila manao maalea no kūikawā lako a pan a me pālua-hoʻohana". Ke Bedroom o kaʻaoʻao Lūkini ua ho'ākāka 'ia i loko o ka nui o 975 miliona Lūkini rubles, Belarus - 525 miliona.

kokoke wā e hiki mai

E hoopono ana ma ka na hiohiona loaa i loko o ka wahi lulu kuai o lolouila eiiiiiaiou, mahuahua maliu a kākoʻo mai ke aupuni keʻena ma lalo nei, me Media hoike, i loaʻeleu hana. Ua Ua lilo hou maoli a me ka wā e hiki mai foreseeable? Acaeoey o microelectronics i loko o ka wā e hiki mai ma kahi o. Wehewehe i ka hana nui o ka hale eiiiiiaiou no ka hooulu ana i ka, ua kīkoʻo akula huahelu a me kō o ka lolouila? Ieaoa, nenoai, noho, hanalima a me ka hana ana, e like me ka hoʻopau o ka aina uilaʻoe hana mai waiwai hoʻokomo, a me ka nui mahuahua o kona mea hoʻoliloʻia.

Ma ke ala, e pili ana i ka nele i ka hana a me ka hoʻomōhala wahi lulu loea ma microelectronics Russian Academician K. A. Valiev maila i loko o ke kakahiaka 2000s. He ike, no nae, i keia mea i oluolu hana, a me ka mea hiki ke holo wale ia malaila mea he hana laekahiʻanoʻenehana lako a pan. I ka mea e pono kālā a me kaʻaha hui kākoʻo no microelectronics hiki ke pale umauma hoʻokahi papahana i i ua kauohaʻia ma ka moku'āina pae.

E paku ana i ka Motherland

Me ka pili ana i ka oihana koa poepoe, ka mea kiʻekiʻe-miomio microelectronics ua kakauʻaneʻi he lōʻihi manawa. I kēia lā, ua hiki ke kamailio e pili ana i ka hoʻokumu o ke kēia lolouila-ke keʻena kumu no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka lahui ka hoʻokō 'ana o ka pale. New mea uholo uila manaʻo a me nā wahi i puhi ai i ua hoʻohana i oi aku mamua o hookahi haneri o ka polokalamu Ke Ana Hoʻohālike o nā mea kaua. Main mau mea o ka i:

• Radar;
• Anati-mokulele Kao lele lako kaua kekahi, a me ka pono-ike C-400 a me C-500 ke kino;
• nenoai o lolouila kaua: ka suppression o ke 'ākeʻakeʻa, interception, Radio suppression.

Ua pono kukuluia i waena o nā mea kūʻai mai o ka Lūkini koa-hanalima eiiieaen, hou i manao ai, aʻanoʻenehana pāʻoihana a me ka typology o ka IC, Palapala Sila Nui ma ka Russian Hui, e hōʻoia 'kiʻekiʻe pono a me ka loaʻa nui o nā mea ma ka olelo o ka mahuahua pāhawewe, irradiation ma neutrons, gamma a me ka X-Ray pāhawewe, electromagnetic a ka lāʻau ikiʻai. Na hoakaka a me kaʻikepili e loa nui no ka mea kaua nenoai, lolouila e hooponopono nenoai, a koa pokole enehana, hooponopono nenoai, a no ka hōʻoia 'kanu palekana.

ka moku lawe hae o ka microelectronic

E ho okumu i kekahi kiʻekiʻe-miomio enehana me neia, i hoʻolako pono me Ka Uluwehi O Ke ECB, ka mea, ua pono e hoohui i ka hoʻoikaikaʻana o ka noiʻi-oaio? A, a me ka moku lawe hae o o microelectronics ma Rusia, a Belarus. Penei, ka polokalamu "XIX." O ka mea e hiki mai koe i loko o ka hana ana o ka 'ike loea hou.

Total i loko o kona manaʻo like me ka ka papa hula a me collaborators i ka 40 noiʻi institutes a me ka hanalima hana. Ke kumu nui wale mai ana o microelectronic eiiiiiaiou-waʻa-ke keʻena waihona ipu a me keia - Hawaiian OJSC "integral". Ma kaʻaoʻao Lūkini ka baton ma ka hanaia'na o ke kiʻekiʻe-ʻenehana huahana ma ka muli o kēia uila no kaʻohiʻana i i ka pae o ka poe "Micron" - ka mea nui i loko o ke kia-hana Microelectronics, hapa o ka hanalima ana o OJSC "RTI".

JSC "Micron" - i ka lehulehu me ka aneane hapalua o ka kenekulia o ka mōʻaukala, nāʻanoʻenehana alihi kaua o ka Lūkini mea uholo uila oihana puolo. Aia i kēia lā pū ma ka noiʻi, ulu, hana a me ka kuai o noniakahi wahi i puhi ai, a me ka mea hoʻolilo. I ka 2012, ia a hemo ka laina hou no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o microchips me topological kiʻekiʻe o ka 90 HI. Nā hui o ka moku'āina hui RUSNANO a me na Europa nunui STMicroelectronics.

Science a me ka hana

Na uila no ka hana i hiki ole me ka 'epekema noiʻi. Makua a poe "Micron" waihoia mai me ka hooko ana mai i ka hulina lākou o ka R & D (noiʻi, hoʻokolohua 'ana), mea e kokua ia ia i ka 15 nui loa Lūkini Radio-uila hui.

Ka 'ole o ka R & D eiiieaena ka loaʻa o ka noiʻi a me ka 26? Acaeoey hana ma e pili ana 54 aoaoʻAno o ka hoouku-hookomoia lolouila eiiiiiaiou me ka degere kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻohui', loa kūlike loa a me ka ooieoeiiaeuiuo ano. Ma kekahi, "Micron" Wehewehe i nā hāʻina i ka luna 'o ka pilikia, kekahi o i ua hoʻolaʻa ai i ke ana a me ka manaʻo o VLSI iee? Me ka i loko iho pae'ōnaehana'ōnaehana i akamai pepa a me nā palapala uila.

afterword

E hoʻomaopopo i ka hope kbps microelectronics no ka oihana koa, a na poe i lulu popilikia hana i loko o wikiwiki, e kuai aku i ka makahiki lako a pan. No laila, i ka iniiaiie hana no ka wā e hiki mai kokoke i loko o ka manaʻo o nā kaʻakālai māhele papahana - manaʻo o keʻanoʻenehana Ua Hopu i loko o ka wā e hiki mai.